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Author: Warren Dean
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521526920
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
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Book Description
Brazil once enjoyed a near monopoly in rubber when the commodity was gathered in the wild. By 1913, however, cultivated rubber in South-east Asia swept the Brazilian gathered product from the market. In this innovative study, Warren Dean demonstrates that environmental factors have played a key role in the many failed attempts to produce a significant rubber crop again in Brazil. In the Amazon attempts to shift to cultivated rubber failed repeatedly. Brazilian social and economic conditions have been blamed for these failures, in particular the failure of local capitalists and the refusal of the working class to accept wage labour. Dean shows in this study, however, that the difficulty was mainly ecological: the rubber tree in the wild lives in close association with a parasitic leaf fungus; when the tree was planted in close stands, the blight appeared in epidemic proportions.
Author: Warren Dean
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521526920
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 262
Get Book Here
Book Description
Brazil once enjoyed a near monopoly in rubber when the commodity was gathered in the wild. By 1913, however, cultivated rubber in South-east Asia swept the Brazilian gathered product from the market. In this innovative study, Warren Dean demonstrates that environmental factors have played a key role in the many failed attempts to produce a significant rubber crop again in Brazil. In the Amazon attempts to shift to cultivated rubber failed repeatedly. Brazilian social and economic conditions have been blamed for these failures, in particular the failure of local capitalists and the refusal of the working class to accept wage labour. Dean shows in this study, however, that the difficulty was mainly ecological: the rubber tree in the wild lives in close association with a parasitic leaf fungus; when the tree was planted in close stands, the blight appeared in epidemic proportions.
Author: National Industrial Pollution Control Council. Rubber Sub-Council
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author: Gitz, V.
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Land use is a central issue for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Plantations of all major tropical commodities are expanding quickly. This creates opportunities for development. It also raises concerns about the impacts of these plantations on the environment, landscapes and livelihoods. Natural rubber is a particularly interesting example to consider in the perspective of sustainable development of a commodity’s producing countries and value chains. This paper is a collaboration between the Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (FTA) research program of the CGIAR (FTA n.d.) and the International Rubber Study Group (IRSG) (IRSG n.d.). FTA works across a range of plantations, value chains and tree crop commodities, from timber, palm oil, cacao, coffee and tea to bamboo, rattan and rubber, among others.
Author: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789211124781
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 75
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Book Description
Managing of waste has become a key concern in the protection of the environment, and it is the environmental consequences of the use and extraction of rubber which provides the focus for the two papers published here and presented at a joint UNCTAD and IRSG meeting. Among a number of considerations examined are the costs of the disposal of waste rubber. With 800 million tyres produced annually worldwide and an equivalent number disposed, methods of utilising and recycling of scrap rubber are imperative. The second paper looks at the potential of rubber trees through sustainable plantation and agricultural practices to improve the environment and contribute to the managing of greenhouse gases.
Author: C. C. Goldthorpe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Author: National Industrial Pollution Control Council. Rubber Sub-Council
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859570913
Category : Asphalt-rubber
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: U.S. National Industrial Pollution Control Council
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Rubber industry and trade
Languages : en
Pages : 466
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Book Description
Author: Pinizzotto, S.
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
