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Author: Bineeta Gurung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nepal is a developing country with 65% of its population engaged in agriculture and more than 25% of its population living below poverty line. Given the importance of agricultural growth for poverty reduction, substantial amount of resources have been invested to promote agricultural growth. Despite the emphasis on agricultural growth through research, extension and related services, farm productivity in Nepal remains significantly low. The agricultural sector in Nepal has grown much slower than elsewhere in South Asia. As a result, many questions have been raised about rural household wellbeing: What role does gender play in rural agricultural systems? How effective are current development interventions in improving household welfare? What impact does the non-farm sector have on the welfare of rural households? To explore these questions, among others, this dissertation examined three elements of rural development efforts in an international context: empirical examination of gender differences in rural livestock production; evaluation of the effect of agricultural technology on rural households' welfare; and analysis of the role of non-farm sector in rural household food security.℗ This dissertation is built around three independent essays based on data collected from villages in Nepal's Kaski district. The first essay titled "Gender and Livestock Ownership in Rural Households of Kaski District in Nepal," incorporates an analysis of gender component into livestock research by using sex-disaggregated data to empirically analyze women's ownership of livestock in rural farm households. The second essay titled "Effect of Off-Season Tomato Production on Crop Income and Food Security in Nepal," establishes a causal linkage between off-season tomato production inside plastic tunnels and households' crop income and food security using the nearest neighbor matching method. The final essay titled "Impact of Rural Non-Farm Employment on Food Security in Nepal," examines the effect of℗ rural non-farm employment on rural household food security by using two distinct matching methods: propensity score matching and direct covariate matching. On the basis of findings from the three essays, this dissertation provides gender sensitive and evidence based feedback for policy making to promote positive and sustainable development.
Author: Bineeta Gurung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Get Book Here
Book Description
Nepal is a developing country with 65% of its population engaged in agriculture and more than 25% of its population living below poverty line. Given the importance of agricultural growth for poverty reduction, substantial amount of resources have been invested to promote agricultural growth. Despite the emphasis on agricultural growth through research, extension and related services, farm productivity in Nepal remains significantly low. The agricultural sector in Nepal has grown much slower than elsewhere in South Asia. As a result, many questions have been raised about rural household wellbeing: What role does gender play in rural agricultural systems? How effective are current development interventions in improving household welfare? What impact does the non-farm sector have on the welfare of rural households? To explore these questions, among others, this dissertation examined three elements of rural development efforts in an international context: empirical examination of gender differences in rural livestock production; evaluation of the effect of agricultural technology on rural households' welfare; and analysis of the role of non-farm sector in rural household food security.℗ This dissertation is built around three independent essays based on data collected from villages in Nepal's Kaski district. The first essay titled "Gender and Livestock Ownership in Rural Households of Kaski District in Nepal," incorporates an analysis of gender component into livestock research by using sex-disaggregated data to empirically analyze women's ownership of livestock in rural farm households. The second essay titled "Effect of Off-Season Tomato Production on Crop Income and Food Security in Nepal," establishes a causal linkage between off-season tomato production inside plastic tunnels and households' crop income and food security using the nearest neighbor matching method. The final essay titled "Impact of Rural Non-Farm Employment on Food Security in Nepal," examines the effect of℗ rural non-farm employment on rural household food security by using two distinct matching methods: propensity score matching and direct covariate matching. On the basis of findings from the three essays, this dissertation provides gender sensitive and evidence based feedback for policy making to promote positive and sustainable development.
Author: Slavchevska, Vanya
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
In Nepal, as in many developing countries, male outmigration from rural areas is significant and is rapidly transforming the sending communities. Using primary data collected from households in rural Nepali communities, this study analyzes the effects of male out-migration from rural agricultural areas on women’s and men’s work on and off the farm. Using an instrumental variable approach to correct for endogeneity related to outmigration, the study finds differential impacts on agricultural labor for the men and women who remain. Men reduce labor in non-farm work without significantly increasing their labor allocation to other activities. Women, on the other hand, increase their work on the farm taking on new responsibilities and moving from contributing family workers to primary farmers. Despite their growing roles as primary farmers, women in households with a migrant do not increase their work in higher value activities, and remain predominantly concentrated in producing staple grai
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251088101
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
Based on a broad literature review, this publication discusses rural women’s time poverty in agriculture, elaborates on its possible causes and implications and provides insight into the various types of constraints that affect the adoption of solutions for reducing work burden. This paper raises questions about the adequacy of women’s access to technologies, services and infrastructure and about the control women have over their time, given their major contributions to agriculture. It also look s into the available labour-saving technologies, practices and services that can support women to better address the demands derived from the domestic and productive spheres and improve their well-being. The reader is presented with an overview of successfully-tested technologies, services and resource management practices in the context of water, energy, information and communication. The findings elaborated in this paper feed a set of recommendations provided for policy makers and development partners. A gender-transformative approach at community and household level is suggested as a way forward to promote women’s increased control over the allocation of their time.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"The FAO Policy on Gender Equality provides a framework that guides the Organization's efforts to achieve gender equality in all its technical work and assesses results. The policy outlines FAO's goal and objectives related to gender equality and delineates an accountability structure for ensuring policy oversight and achievement of results."--Publisher's description.
Author: John A. Dixon
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251046272
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821375881
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
The 'Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook' provides an up-to-date understanding of gender issues and a rich compilation of compelling evidence of good practices and lessons learned to guide practitioners in integrating gender dimensions into agricultural projects and programs. It is serves as a tool for: guidance; showcasing key principles in integrating gender into projects; stimulating the imagination of practitioners to apply lessons learned, experiences, and innovations to the design of future support and investment in the agriculture sector. The Sourcebook draws on a wide range of experience from World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), and other donor agencies, governments, institutions, and groups active in agricultural development. The Sourcebook looks at: access to and control of assets; access to markets, information and organization; and capacity to manage risk and vulnerability through a gender lens. There are 16 modules covering themes of cross-cutting importance for agriculture with strong gender dimensions (Policy, Public Administration and Governance; Agricultural Innovation and Education; Food Security; Markets; Rural Finance; Rural Infrastructure; Water; Land; Labor; Natural Resource Management; and Disaster and Post-Conflict Management) and specific subsectors in agriculture (Crops, Livestock, Forestry, and Fisheries). A separate module on Monitoring and Evaluation is included, responding to the need to track implementation and development impact. Each module contains three different sub-units: (1) A Module Overview gives a broad introduction to the topic and provides a summary of major development issues in the sector and rationale of looking at gender dimension; (2) Thematic Notes provide a brief and technically sound guide in gender integration in selected themes with lessons learned, guidelines, checklists, organizing principles, key questions, and key performance indicators; and (3) Innovative Activity Profiles describe the design and innovative features of recent and exciting projects and activities that have been implemented or are ongoing.
Author: Mara van den Bold
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Book Description
Many development programs that aim to alleviate poverty and improve investments in human capital consider womens empowerment a key pathway by which to achieve impact and often target women as their main beneficiaries. Despite this, womens empowerment dimensions are often not rigorously measured and are at times merely assumed. This paper starts by reflecting on the concept and measurement of womens empowerment and then reviews some of the structural interventions that aim to influence underlying gender norms in society and eradicate gender discrimination. It then proceeds to review the evidence of the impact of three types of interventionscash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programson womens empowerment, nutrition, or both. Qualitative evidence on conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs generally points to positive impacts on womens empowerment, although quantitative research findings are more heterogenous. CCT programs produce mixed results on long-term nutritional status, and very limited evidence exists of their impacts on micronutrient status. The little evidence available on unconditional cash transters (UCT) indicates mixed impacts on womens empowerment and positive impacts on nutrition; however, recent reviews comparing CCT and UCT programs have found little difference in terms of their effects on stunting and they have found that conditionality is less important than other factors, such as access to healthcare and child age and sex. Evidence of cash transfer program impacts depending on the gender of the transfer recipient or on the conditionality is also mixed, although CCTs with non-health conditionalities seem to have negative impacts on nutritional status. The impacts of programs based on the gender of the transfer recipient show mixed results, but almost no experimental evidence exists of testing gender-differentiated impacts of a single program. Agricultural interventionsspecifically home gardening and dairy projectsshow mixed impacts on womens empowerment measures such as time, workload, and control over income; but they demonstrate very little impact on nutrition. Implementation modalities are shown to determine differential impacts in terms of empowerment and nutrition outcomes. With regard to the impact of microfinance on womens empowerment, evidence is also mixed, although more recent reviews do not find any impact on womens empowerment. The impact of microfinance on nutritional status is mixed, with no evidence of impact on micronutrient status. Across all three types of programs (cash transfer programs, agricultural interventions, and microfinance programs), very little evidence exists on pathways of impact, and evidence is often biased toward a particular region. The paper ends with a discussion of the findings and remaining evidence gaps and an outline of recommendations for research.
Author: Agnes R. Quisumbing
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 940178616X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) produced a 2011 report on women in agriculture with a clear and urgent message: agriculture underperforms because half of all farmers—women—lack equal access to the resources and opportunities they need to be more productive. This book builds on the report’s conclusions by providing, for a non-specialist audience, a compendium of what we know now about gender gaps in agriculture.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9251333971
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
The Compendium is a product of the Joint Programme on Gender Transformative Approaches for Food Security and Nutrition implemented by FAO, IFAD and WFP and funded by the European Union. The compendium of 15 good practices of gender transformative approaches (GTAs) includes the individual templates of the 15 good practices, provides a synthesis of the main features of the 15 GTAs presenting the core characteristics of 15 GTAs and describing the implementation arrangements, implementation cycle, the potential results of GTAs and their key success factors and challenges. It also includes ideas as to how GTAs could be taken to scale. The purpose of the Compendium is fourfold: (i) to take stock and draw lessons from experiences from existing practices of GTAs; (ii) to be a resource for agencies already working with GTAs to identify opportunities for strengthening their GTA work or to link up with complementary interventions; (iii) to provide guidance on how to apply GTAs in any organization or institution working for enhanced food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture; and (iv) to raise awareness of and advocate for GTAs by showcasing examples of good practices or successful approaches that contribute to positive gender-related and non-gender-related changes towards food security, improved nutrition and sustainable agriculture and rural development.
Author: Malapit, Hazel J.
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
In this paper, the authors describe the adaptation and validation of a project-level WEAI (or pro-WEAI) that agricultural development projects can use to identify key areas of women’s (and men’s) disempowerment, design appropriate strategies to address identified deficiencies, and monitor project outcomes related to women’s empowerment. The 12 pro-WEAI indicators are mapped to three domains: intrinsic agency (power within), instrumental agency (power to), and collective agency (power with). A gender parity index compares the empowerment scores of men and women in the same household. The authors describe the development of pro-WEAI, including: (1) pro-WEAI’s distinctiveness from other versions of the WEAI; (2) the process of piloting pro-WEAI in 13 agricultural development projects during the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, phase 2 (GAAP2); (3) analysis of quantitative data from the GAAP2 projects, including intrahousehold patterns of empowerment; and (4) a summary of the findings from the qualitative work exploring concepts of women’s empowerment in the project sites. The paper concludes with a discussion of lessons learned from pro-WEAI and possibilities for further development of empowerment metrics.
