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Author: Marc Maiwald
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3744871215
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
In evacuation planning the capacities of the street network are usually assumed as in daily-traffic. However, such rare and unique situations induce disaster-related or traffic-related factors which affect the capacities of the street network negatively. This work focuses on a new robust evacuation concept in order to reduce the effects of such random capacity disruptions.
Author: Marc Maiwald
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3744871215
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Get Book Here
Book Description
In evacuation planning the capacities of the street network are usually assumed as in daily-traffic. However, such rare and unique situations induce disaster-related or traffic-related factors which affect the capacities of the street network negatively. This work focuses on a new robust evacuation concept in order to reduce the effects of such random capacity disruptions.
Author: Barrett Williams
Publisher: Barrett Williams
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 97
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Book Description
### Escaping Conflict Your Ultimate Guide to Emergency Evacuation and Crisis Management In a world fraught with unpredictability, being prepared can mean the difference between chaos and safety. "Escaping Conflict" is an indispensable guide that offers you a comprehensive framework for understanding and navigating through various types of crises. Whether you're a community leader, emergency planner, or concerned citizen, this eBook equips you with the tools and knowledge to construct effective evacuation plans and manage resources adeptly. **Delve into the Anatomy of Crises** Begin your journey by exploring the nature and types of conflicts that can disrupt lives and communities. Learn about the psychological and social impacts of disasters, setting a strong foundation for your preparedness efforts. **Master the Core Principles of Emergency Evacuation** Uncover historical examples of successes and failures to understand what works. Learn about the fundamental principles that undergird effective evacuation plans and how to foster a culture of preparedness in your community. **Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Management** Identify potential threats and conduct vulnerability analyses to determine risk mitigation strategies. These insights set the stage for crafting robust emergency evacuation frameworks. **Effective Communication is Key** In times of crisis, clear and concise communication can save lives. Learn techniques for crafting effective messages, utilizing technology for alerts, and managing public information to keep everyone informed and calm. **Community Involvement and Training** Engage local leaders, conduct community drills, and implement educational programs to ensure everyone knows their role in an emergency. **Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations** Understand the unique needs of children, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities, and develop comprehensive plans to ensure their safety. Address the often-overlooked evacuation needs of pets and animals. **Technological Innovations in Evacuation** Discover cutting-edge technological aids, from GIS mapping tools to drones, that can enhance your evacuation strategies. **Post-Evacuation Challenges** Navigate the complexities of returning to normalcy, evaluating what worked and what didnât, and providing ongoing community support. **Future Trends and Innovations** Stay ahead of the curve by adapting to climate change, urban growth, and global collaboration trends to improve your evacuation planning continuously. "Escaping Conflict" isn't just a guideâit's your essential manual for protecting lives and maintaining order in the face of unforeseen challenges. Equip yourself with the knowledge to act decisively and compassionately when it matters most. Secure your copy today and take the first step toward a safer, more prepared tomorrow.
Author: Michael K. Lindell
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351645323
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Book Description
Large-Scale Evacuation introduces the reader to the steps involved in evacuation modelling for towns and cities, from understanding the hazards that can require large-scale evacuations, through understanding how local officials decide to issue evacuation advisories and households decide whether to comply, to transportation simulation and traffic management strategies. The author team has been recognized internationally for their research and consulting experience in the field of evacuations. Collectively, they have 125 years of experience in evacuation, including more than 140 projects for federal and state agencies. The text explains how to model evacuations that use the road transportation network by combining perspectives from social scientists and transportation engineers, fields that have commonly approached evacuation modelling from distinctly different perspectives. In doing so, it offers a step-by-step guide through the key questions needed to model an evacuation and its impacts to the evacuation route system as well as evacuation management strategies for influencing demand and expanding capacity. The authors also demonstrate how to simulate the resulting traffic and evacuation management strategies that can be used to facilitate evacuee movement and reduce unnecessary demand. Case studies, which identify key points to analyze in an evacuation plan, discuss evacuation termination and re-entry, and highlight challenges that someone developing an evacuation plan or model should expect, are also included. This textbook will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and advanced students.
Author: Sarah Bretschneider
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 364228759X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 209
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Book Description
Disasters like floods, hurricanes, chemical or nuclear accidents may cause the necessity to evacuate the affected area. The evacuation of the urban area needs to be planned carefully. One issue is the reorganization of the traffic routing. Congested urban areas have usually complex street networks that are composed of many intersections with streets connecting them. The population density of a congested urban area is usually high and the street network is already used to capacity during rush hour traffic. The considered problem of this work is the reorganization of the traffic routing of an urban area for the case of an emergency mass evacuation. Especially aspects of the evacuation like safety, avoidance of delays and the total system travel time are taken into account. Combinatorial and graph theoretical aspects are adapted for the evacuation problem and highlight issues concerning especially conflicts within intersections. This work gives an extensive summary of literature of evacuation of urban areas. Mixed-integer linear programming models are developed for evacuation problems and heuristic algorithms are provided and tested.?
Author: Deborah Matherly
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309259010
Category : Emergency management
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
"TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 740: A Transportation Guide for All-Hazards Emergency Evacuation focuses on the transportation aspects of evacuation, particularly large-scale, multijurisdictional evacuation. The guidance, strategies, and tools in NCHRP Report 740 are based on an all-hazards approach that has applicability to a wide range of "notice" and "no-notice" emergency events. The report follows the basic planning steps of the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Comprehensive Preparedness Guide (CPG) 101. Each chapter parallels one of the six main CPG steps. Each chapter is further subdivided into smaller, discrete tasks, with cross-references to tools--such as templates or checklists--that are shown at the end of each chapter and are on a CD-ROM included with the print version of the report."--Publisher's description.
Author: Transportation Research Board
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309178150
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
TRB Special Report 294: The Role of Transit in Emergency Evacuation explores the roles that transit systems can play in accommodating the evacuation, egress, and ingress of people from and to critical locations in times of emergency. The report focuses on major incidents that could necessitate a partial to full evacuation of the central business district or other large portion of an urban area. According to the committee that produced the report, transit agencies could play a significant role in an emergency evacuation, particularly in transporting carless and special needs populations, but few urban areas have planned for a major disaster and evacuation that could involve multiple jurisdictions or multiple states in a region, or have focused on the role of transit and other public transportation providers in such an incident. The report offers recommendations for making transit a full partner in emergency evacuation plans and operations, while cautioning emergency managers, elected officials, and the general public to be realistic in their expectations, particularly in a no-notice incident that occurs during a peak service period.
Author: Mukesh Rungta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Industrial engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Large scale evacuations are important in the wake of events such as an anticipated strike of a natural disaster or a looming military attack. Planning to evacuate people towards safe areas and effective management of the plan using limited set of resources is, therefore, an integral part of disaster management. Evacuation planning based on deterministic estimate of demand at the source nodes and capacity of the road links yield unsatisfactory result. Recent research publications are addressing the randomness associated with such events using stochastic optimization models. Models considering the inherent uncertainty associated with transportation network facilitate a robust and efficient evacuation plan. In this dissertation, large scale network flow optimization models for both deterministic and stochastic evacuation scenarios are presented with an emphasis on coming up with an effective and reliable evacuation plan. Effective implementation of an evacuation plan in the wake of a limited set of resources demands that a minimum number of paths are selected for loading the evacuation traffic. This objective has eluded the eyes of the research community involved in evacuation planning optimization. Model, solution technique and computational results for this problem is presented that describes the complete evacuation plan comprising of paths, traffic flow and starting schedule. Traffic scenario is often non-deterministic and assumption of a deterministic capacity for the road links would result in poor quality evacuation plan in terms of paths and time required for evacuation. Motivated by the stochastic behavior of the arc capacity, a chance constrained model for bottleneck minimization is proposed that finds the evacuation paths and the traffic flow rate on the paths within a given time bound that would result in minimum traffic congestion. Given the horizon time for evacuation, model selects the evacuation paths and finds flows on the selected paths that result in minimum congestion in the network and finds the reliability of the evacuation plan. Numerical examples are presented and we discuss the effectiveness of the stochastic models in evacuation planning. It is shown that the reliability based evacuation plan is conservative as compared to plans obtained using a deterministic model. Stochastic models guarantee that congestion can be avoided with a confidence level at the cost of increased clearance time. Apart from the random arc capacity, in this dissertation we propose an evacuation planning model where the demand for the number of evacuees is unknown and is subject to uncertainty. Chance constrained approach is used in such situations to enforce the constraints for given level of confidence. We analyze the model for the situation when the probability distribution of the random demand is not known and only partial moments and support information is specified. A distributional robust chance constrained model is proposed for evacuation planning that guarantee the vehicle demand constraints for any probability distribution consistent with the known properties. We find a tight upper bound for the shortfall in evacuating people from the specified target in the given clearance time. Numerical experiments show that the robust approximation method of chance constraints provide excellent results as compared to solution based on approximated distribution and sampling based solution.
Author: Ibrahim M. Hezam
Publisher: Infinite Study
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 35
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Book Description
Humanitarian logistics (HL) is considered one of the most significant issues of disaster operations and management. Thus, HL operation should be viable enough to function well under the uncertain and complex nature of the disaster. Many difficulties in pre-and post-disaster phases bring both human and economic losses. Therefore, it is essential to make sure that the HL operations are designed efficiently. In the last two decades, several publications have emphasized efficient HL operations and proposed several mathematical models and algorithms to increase the efficiency of HL operations and motivated the necessity of a systematic literature review. A systematic literature review is deemed pertinent due to its transparent and detailed article searching procedure. In this study, due to the importance of the mathematical optimization model, we reviewed more than one hundred articles published between 2000 and 2020 to investigate the optimization models in the field of HL.We classified the optimization models into three main problems: facility location problems, relief distribution, and mass evacuation where each of the classified areas includes both deterministic and non-deterministic models.
Author: Chandan Ghosh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811673977
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Book Description
This book presents the select proceedings of the Virtual Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (VCDRR 2021). It emphasizes on the role of civil engineering for a disaster resilient society. Various topics covered in this book are risk assessment, prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response, early warning system, hazard mapping, engineering innovations for hazard mitigation, and safe design of structures. This book is a comprehensive volume on disaster risk reduction (DRR) and its management for a sustainable built environment. This book will be useful for the students, researchers, policy makers and professionals working in the area of civil engineering, especially disaster management.
Author: Bernard Fortz
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030185001
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 585
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Book Description
This book gathers a selection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Operations Research (OR 2018), which was held at the Free University of Brussels, Belgium on September 12 - 14, 2018, and was jointly organized by the German Operations Research Society (GOR) and the Belgian Operational Research Society (ORBEL). 575 scientists, practitioners and students from mathematics, computer science, business/economics and related fields attended the conference and presented more than 400 papers in parallel topic streams, as well as special award sessions. The respective papers discuss classical mathematical optimization, statistics and simulation techniques. These are complemented by computer science methods, and by tools for processing data, designing and implementing information systems. The book also examines recent advances in information technology, which allow big data volumes to be processed and enable real-time predictive and prescriptive business analytics to drive decisions and actions. Lastly, it includes problems modeled and treated while taking into account uncertainty, risk management, behavioral issues, etc.
