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Author: Kenneth Chomitz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Arealanvendelse
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Author: Kenneth Chomitz
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Arealanvendelse
Languages : en
Pages : 58
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Kenneth Chomitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
April 1995 Will intensifying the road network around market areas produce greater economic returns and less environmental damage than extending the road network into new areas? Rural roads promote economic development but also facilitate deforestation. To explore the tradeoffs between development and environmental damage posed by road building, Chomitz and Gray develop and estimate a spatially explicit model of land use. This model takes into account location and land characteristics and predicts land use at each point on the landscape. They find that: * Market access and distance to roads strongly affect the probability of agricultural use, especially for commercial agriculture. * High slopes, poor drainage, and low soil fertility discourage both commercial and semi-subsistence agriculture. * Semi-subsistence agriculture is especially sensitive to soil acidity and lack of nitrogen (confirming anthropological findings that subsistence farmers are shrewd judges of soil). Spatially explicit models are analytically powerful because they exploit rich spatial variation in causal variables, including the precise siting of roads. They are useful for policy because they can pinpoint threats to particular critical habitats and watersheds. This model is a descendant of the venerable von Thünen model. It assumes that land will tend to be devoted to its highest-value use, taking into account tenure and other constraints. The value of a plot for a particular use depends on the land's physical productivity for that use and the farmgate prices of relevant inputs and outputs. A reduced-form, multinomial logit specification of this model calculates implicit values of land in alternative uses as a function of land location and characteristics. The resulting equations can then be used for prediction or analysis. The model was applied to cross-sectional data for 1989-92 for Belize, a forested country currently experiencing rapid expansion of both subsistence and commercial agriculture. A geographic information system was used to manage the spatial data and extract variables based on a three kilometer sample grid. Three land uses were distinguished: natural vegetation, comprising forests, woodlands, wetlands, and savanna; semi-subsistence agriculture, comprising traditional milpa (slash-and-burn) cultivation and other nonmechanized cultivation of annual crops; and commercial agriculture, consisting mainly of sugarcane, pasture, citrus, and mechanized production of corn and kidney beans. Two dimensions of distance to market were distinguished: the distance from each sample point to the road, and on-road travel time to the nearest town. Data on a wide variety of land and soil characteristics were also used. This paper -- a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the causes and consequences of environmental change. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Spatial Models of Environmental Processes (RPO 679-39). The authors may be contacted at
[email protected] or
[email protected].
Author: Kenneth M. Chomitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Will intensifying the roa ...
Author: Maureen M. Cropper
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Carreteras - Tailandia
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Establishing protected areas (national parks together with wildlife sanctuaries) in North Thailand did not reduce the likelihood of forest clearing, but wildlife sanctuaries may have reduced the probability of deforestation. Where new roads are located affects how much of a threat they are to the protected areas.
Author: David Kaimowitz
Publisher: CIFOR
ISBN: 979876417X
Category : Deforestation
Languages : en
Pages : 153
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Book Description
Types of economic deforestation models. Household and firm-level models. Regional-level models. National and macro-level models. Priority areas for future research.
Author: Lucy Emerton
Publisher: IUCN
ISBN: 9782831708812
Category : Environmental protection
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
It has become clear during recent global deliberations on biodiversity conservation that achieving Protected Area (PA) financial sustainability will require major changes in the way that PA funding is conceptualized, captured and used. With many, if not most, PAs facing funding crises, both in terms of the amount of funds available and how those are used, there is an urgent need to expand and diversify PA financial portfolios, and to ensure that funding reaches the groups and activities essential for biodiversity conservation. A range of innovative financing mechanisms have been developed and implemented to increase funding for PAs. This document aims to review and assess the status of a variety of these mechanisms, the major obstacles and opportunities for their implementation, and the potential for improvement.
Author: David Kaimowitz
Publisher: IICA Biblioteca Venezuela
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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Book Description
Author: Edward B. Barbier
Publisher: Univ of Wisconsin Press
ISBN: 0299237338
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Country case studies investigate key factors that influence the economics of tropical deforestation and land use. Articles illustrate how innovative economic models can be used effectively to investigate a range of important influences on tropical land use changes in a variety of representative developing countries. The countries covered are: Brazil, India, Malaysia, Panama, the Philippines, Thailand, and Uganda.
Author: Stephen A. Vosti
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN: 0896291324
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Research site and sample characteristics; Multivariate analysis; A fram-level bioeconomic model.
Author: Thomas K. Rudel
Publisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 9780231080446
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
The highly publicized obscenity trial of Radclyffe Hall's The Well of Loneliness (1928) is generally recognized as the crystallizing moment in the construction of a visible modern English lesbian culture, marking a great divide between innocence and deviance, private and public, New Woman and Modern Lesbian. Yet despite unreserved agreement on the importance of this cultural moment, previous studies often reductively distort our reading of the formation of early twentieth-century lesbian identity, either by neglecting to examine in detail the developments leading up to the ban or by framing events in too broad a context against other cultural phenomena. Fashioning Sapphism locates the novelist Radclyffe Hall and other prominent lesbians--including the pioneer in women's policing, Mary Allen, the artist Gluck, and the writer Bryher--within English modernity through the multiple sites of law, sexology, fashion, and literary and visual representation, thus tracing the emergence of a modern English lesbian subculture in the first two decades of the twentieth century. Drawing on extensive new archival research, the book interrogates anew a range of myths long accepted without question (and still in circulation) concerning, to cite only a few, the extent of homophobia in the 1920s, the strategic deployment of sexology against sexual minorities, and the rigidity of certain cultural codes to denote lesbianism in public culture.
