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Author: Jennifer Irene Van Wyk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438930360
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Understanding ecological interactions in a changing world is a complex task. I investigated plant-pollinator interactions in response to two large scale drivers: restoration and grazing. The goal of the first two chapters of my dissertation was to measure multitrophic responses to restoration over time by using a space for time proxy constructed through a series of restored meadow complexes in the Sierra. In chapter 1 I looked at the plant and pollinator community responses to pond and plug restoration by comparing diversity metrics and species composition in restored meadows to degraded and remnant meadows. Restored meadows have similar diversity to remnant meadows and have more rich and abundant pollinator communities than degraded meadows. The identity of the insect species in restored meadows is not significantly different from remnant or degraded meadows. I found that abundance and richness of pollinators responds positively to time since restoration. Across all meadow types there is strong year to year variation in community composition. In chapter 2 I measured pollination function following restoration and managed grazing on two sentinel plant species: Camassia quamash and Penstemon rydbergii, using five measures: pollinator visitation, pollen deposition, pollen tube growth, seed set, and pollen limitation. I found hydrologic restoration and managed grazing both have independent positive influences on plant and pollinator community diversity, and pollination success of the two sentinel plants. To address these questions about the broader ecological impacts of restoration more studies on species interactions, community structure, and nontarget responses are needed. In chapter 3 I examined tritrophic interactions and indirect defense. To do so I supplemented pollen to the wooly leaves of turkey mullein, Croton setiger, to determine if pollen entrapped on leaves supplements predatory arthropods and reduces herbivore populations and damage to the plant. Pollen supplementation decreased the amount of leaf damage experienced by plants over the season, suggesting that pollen entrapment can act as an indirect defense.
Author: Jennifer Irene Van Wyk
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438930360
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Understanding ecological interactions in a changing world is a complex task. I investigated plant-pollinator interactions in response to two large scale drivers: restoration and grazing. The goal of the first two chapters of my dissertation was to measure multitrophic responses to restoration over time by using a space for time proxy constructed through a series of restored meadow complexes in the Sierra. In chapter 1 I looked at the plant and pollinator community responses to pond and plug restoration by comparing diversity metrics and species composition in restored meadows to degraded and remnant meadows. Restored meadows have similar diversity to remnant meadows and have more rich and abundant pollinator communities than degraded meadows. The identity of the insect species in restored meadows is not significantly different from remnant or degraded meadows. I found that abundance and richness of pollinators responds positively to time since restoration. Across all meadow types there is strong year to year variation in community composition. In chapter 2 I measured pollination function following restoration and managed grazing on two sentinel plant species: Camassia quamash and Penstemon rydbergii, using five measures: pollinator visitation, pollen deposition, pollen tube growth, seed set, and pollen limitation. I found hydrologic restoration and managed grazing both have independent positive influences on plant and pollinator community diversity, and pollination success of the two sentinel plants. To address these questions about the broader ecological impacts of restoration more studies on species interactions, community structure, and nontarget responses are needed. In chapter 3 I examined tritrophic interactions and indirect defense. To do so I supplemented pollen to the wooly leaves of turkey mullein, Croton setiger, to determine if pollen entrapped on leaves supplements predatory arthropods and reduces herbivore populations and damage to the plant. Pollen supplementation decreased the amount of leaf damage experienced by plants over the season, suggesting that pollen entrapment can act as an indirect defense.
Author: Society for Ecological Restoration International
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1610916972
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
"Society for Ecological Restoration"--Cover.
Author: Simon A. Levin
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691156042
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 826
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Book Description
The Princeton Guide to Ecology is a concise, authoritative one-volume reference to the field's major subjects and key concepts. Edited by eminent ecologist Simon Levin, with contributions from an international team of leading ecologists, the book contains more than ninety clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics within seven major areas: autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management. Complete with more than 200 illustrations (including sixteen pages in color), a glossary of key terms, a chronology of milestones in the field, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, research ecologists, scientists in related fields, policymakers, and anyone else with a serious interest in ecology. Explains key topics in one concise and authoritative volume Features more than ninety articles written by an international team of leading ecologists Contains more than 200 illustrations, including sixteen pages in color Includes glossary, chronology, suggestions for further reading, and index Covers autecology, population ecology, communities and ecosystems, landscapes and the biosphere, conservation biology, ecosystem services, and biosphere management
Author: Therese M. Poland
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030453677
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Author: Ragan M. Callaway
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402062249
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
This book marshals ecological literature from the last century on facilitation to make the case against the widely accepted individualistic notion of community organization. It examines the idea that positive interactions are more prevalent in physically stressful conditions. Coverage also includes species specificity in facilitative interactions, indirect facilitative interactions, and potential evolutionary aspects of positive interactions.
Author: James Aronson
Publisher: Island Press
ISBN: 1597267791
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
How can environmental degradation be stopped? How can it be reversed? And how can the damage already done be repaired? The authors of this volume argue that a two-pronged approach is needed: reducing demand for ecosystem goods and services and better management of them, coupled with an increase in supply through environmental restoration. Restoring Natural Capital brings together economists and ecologists, theoreticians, practitioners, policy makers, and scientists from the developed and developing worlds to consider the costs and benefits of repairing ecosystem goods and services in natural and socioecological systems. It examines the business and practice of restoring natural capital, and seeks to establish common ground between economists and ecologists with respect to the restoration of degraded ecosystems and landscapes and the still broader task of restoring natural capital. The book focuses on developing strategies that can achieve the best outcomes in the shortest amount of time as it: • considers conceptual and theoretical issues from both an economic and ecological perspective • examines specific strategies to foster the restoration of natural capital and offers a synthesis and a vision of the way forward Nineteen case studies from around the world illustrate challenges and achievements in setting targets, refining approaches to finding and implementing restoration projects, and using restoration of natural capital as an economic opportunity. Throughout, contributors make the case that the restoration of natural capital requires close collaboration among scientists from across disciplines as well as local people, and when successfully executed represents a practical, realistic, and essential tool for achieving lasting sustainable development.
Author: J. Bastow Wilson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110848221X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
Provides a comprehensive review of the role of species interactions in the process of plant community assembly.
Author: Eric Garnier
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198757379
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
Biological diversity, the variety of living organisms on Earth, is traditionally viewed as the diversity of taxa, and species in particular. However, other facets of diversity also need to be considered for a comprehensive understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes. This novel book demonstrates the advantages of adopting a functional approach to diversity in order to improve our understanding of the functioning of ecological systems and theircomponents. The focus is on plants, which are major components of these systems, and for which the functional approach has led to major scientific advances over the last 20 years. PlantFunctional Diversity presents the rationale for a trait-based approach to functional diversity in the context of comparative plant ecology and agroecology. It demonstrates how this approach can be used to address a number of highly debated questions in plant ecology pertaining to plant responses to their environment, controls on plant community structure, ecosystem properties, and the services these deliver to human societies. This research level text will be of particular relevance and use tograduate students and professional researchers in plant ecology, agricultural sciences and conservation biology.
Author: United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military art and science
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Book Description
Author: Donald A. Falk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
The reintroduction of rare and endangered species to their natural habitat is one of emerging tools of ecosystem management. Yet despite hundreds of ongoing projects, the biological underpinnings of such activity are poorly understood, and important questions remain. Restoring Diversity provides biological, policy, and regulatory foundations for successful restoration of rare plants. Topics considered include the strategic and legal context for rare plant restoration, the biology of restoration, use (and misuse) of mitigation in rare plant conservation, and case studies from across the United States. Restoring Diversity presents model guidelines for the reintroduction of endangered plants - guidelines that incorporate ideas contained in the book's chapters with the wide-ranging experience of experts in the field. It is a pathbreaking work that not only unifies concepts in the field of restoration, but also fills significant technical and policy gaps and provides operational tools for successful restorations.
