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Author: Helen Micheaux
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782356715364
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Quelle forme de responsabilité collective pour répondre à la problématique des déchets ? Quels principes et logiques d'organisation et de régulation ? La gestion des déchets fait partie des urgences environnementales apparues à la fin du XXe siècle. Aujourd'hui, avec l'engouement suscité par l'économie circulaire, le déchet n'est plus cantonné à son caractère polluant mais est devenu une ressource de matière pouvant contribuer à diminuer la pression sur les ressources naturelles. On parle de mine urbaine pour évoquer les métaux contenus dans les déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques des territoires. En Europe, la gestion des déchets repose sur le principe de Responsabilité Elargie du Producteur (REP). Ce principe oblige les producteurs à prendre en charge la fin de vie des produits qu'ils ont mis sur le marché. Alors qu'à l'origine le principe se rapportait à une responsabilité individuelle, ce sont davantage des modèles collectifs qui ont été mis en oeuvre en Europe afin de bénéficier d'économies d'échelle. En France, la responsabilité collective va au-delà d'un simple enjeu de mutualisation ayant suscité une gouvernance basée sur la concertation et l'implication d'un ensemble de parties prenantes. Cette approche fait écho au modèle de gouvernance des ressources communes étudiés par le prix Nobel en économie Elinor Ostrom. La REP donnant lieu à un dispositif de politique publique original, cet ouvrage propose d'en étudier le potentiel et d'en théoriser les principes. L'étude complémentaire d'autres modèles en Europe, davantage tournés vers une conception individuelle de la REP, permet de mieux appréhender l'enjeu d'articulation entre responsabilités individuelle et collective.
Author: Helen Micheaux
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782356715364
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 174
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Book Description
Quelle forme de responsabilité collective pour répondre à la problématique des déchets ? Quels principes et logiques d'organisation et de régulation ? La gestion des déchets fait partie des urgences environnementales apparues à la fin du XXe siècle. Aujourd'hui, avec l'engouement suscité par l'économie circulaire, le déchet n'est plus cantonné à son caractère polluant mais est devenu une ressource de matière pouvant contribuer à diminuer la pression sur les ressources naturelles. On parle de mine urbaine pour évoquer les métaux contenus dans les déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques des territoires. En Europe, la gestion des déchets repose sur le principe de Responsabilité Elargie du Producteur (REP). Ce principe oblige les producteurs à prendre en charge la fin de vie des produits qu'ils ont mis sur le marché. Alors qu'à l'origine le principe se rapportait à une responsabilité individuelle, ce sont davantage des modèles collectifs qui ont été mis en oeuvre en Europe afin de bénéficier d'économies d'échelle. En France, la responsabilité collective va au-delà d'un simple enjeu de mutualisation ayant suscité une gouvernance basée sur la concertation et l'implication d'un ensemble de parties prenantes. Cette approche fait écho au modèle de gouvernance des ressources communes étudiés par le prix Nobel en économie Elinor Ostrom. La REP donnant lieu à un dispositif de politique publique original, cet ouvrage propose d'en étudier le potentiel et d'en théoriser les principes. L'étude complémentaire d'autres modèles en Europe, davantage tournés vers une conception individuelle de la REP, permet de mieux appréhender l'enjeu d'articulation entre responsabilités individuelle et collective.
Author: Karen Delchet-Cochet
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119777062
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
Author: Jérémie Cavé
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782753539563
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages :
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Book Description
La gestion des déchets urbains dans les pays du Sud est un problème croissant. La réplication des systèmes en vigueur dans les pays du Nord a débouché sur d'innombrables «éléphants blancs» : des installations de collecte et traitement coûteuses, mais inopérantes. De tels échecs sont souvent liés à une mauvaise prise en compte du secteur informel de la récupération. La thèse développée dans cet ouvrage suggère de reposer la définition même de l'objet. Qu'est-ce qu'un déchet aujourd'hui dans une ville ordinaire de pays émergent : est-ce ce que les habitants jettent ? Ou bien est-ce ce que personne ne récupère ? L'ouvrage se focalise sur les conflits d'appropriation auxquels les déchets donnent lieu à Vitória (Brésil) et à Coimbatore (Inde). Ces frictions se produisent, notamment lorsque les autorités municipales décident d'introduire la collecte sélective. Leurs opérateurs privés en viennent alors à empiéter sur un domaine - la récupération des déchets recyclables - déjà occupé par une chaîne d acteurs informels et formels : wastepickers, marchands, recycleurs, négociants, etc. Constatant ces heurts, l'auteur pose une question simple : à qui appartiennent les déchets, objets précisément définis par l'abandon ? En déployant une écologie politique, qui mobilise notamment les travaux d Elinor Ostrom, l'auteur dévoile un renversement en cours : dans un contexte mondial de renchérissement des matières premières vierges, les déchets sont de plus en plus perçus comme des ressources potentielles et les villes comme de véritables «mines urbaines».
Author: Sven Boermeester
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781949677072
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.
Author: Linda Strande
Publisher: IWA Publishing
ISBN: 1780404735
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
It is estimated that literally billions of residents in urban and peri-urban areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America are served by onsite sanitation systems (e.g. various types of latrines and septic tanks). Until recently, the management of faecal sludge from these onsite systems has been grossly neglected, partially as a result of them being considered temporary solutions until sewer-based systems could be implemented. However, the perception of onsite or decentralized sanitation technologies for urban areas is gradually changing, and is increasingly being considered as long-term, sustainable options in urban areas, especially in low- and middle-income countries that lack sewer infrastructures. This is the first book dedicated to faecal sludge management. It compiles the current state of knowledge of the rapidly evolving field of faecal sludge management, and presents an integrated approach that includes technology, management, and planning based on Sandecs 20 years of experience in the field. Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation addresses the organization of the entire faecal sludge management service chain, from the collection and transport of sludge, and the current state of knowledge of treatment options, to the final end use or disposal of treated sludge. The book also presents important factors to consider when evaluating and upscaling new treatment technology options. The book is designed for undergraduate and graduate students, and engineers and practitioners in the field who have some basic knowledge of environmental and/or wastewater engineering.
Author: Silpa Kaza
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464813477
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Solid waste management affects every person in the world. By 2050, the world is expected to increase waste generation by 70 percent, from 2.01 billion tonnes of waste in 2016 to 3.40 billion tonnes of waste annually. Individuals and governments make decisions about consumption and waste management that affect the daily health, productivity, and cleanliness of communities. Poorly managed waste is contaminating the world’s oceans, clogging drains and causing flooding, transmitting diseases, increasing respiratory problems, harming animals that consume waste unknowingly, and affecting economic development. Unmanaged and improperly managed waste from decades of economic growth requires urgent action at all levels of society. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid aste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050. Beyond the core data metrics from waste generation to disposal, the report provides information on waste management costs, revenues, and tariffs; special wastes; regulations; public communication; administrative and operational models; and the informal sector. Solid waste management accounts for approximately 20 percent of municipal budgets in low-income countries and 10 percent of municipal budgets in middle-income countries, on average. Waste management is often under the jurisdiction of local authorities facing competing priorities and limited resources and capacities in planning, contract management, and operational monitoring. These factors make sustainable waste management a complicated proposition; most low- and middle-income countries, and their respective cities, are struggling to address these challenges. Waste management data are critical to creating policy and planning for local contexts. Understanding how much waste is generated—especially with rapid urbanization and population growth—as well as the types of waste generated helps local governments to select appropriate management methods and plan for future demand. It allows governments to design a system with a suitable number of vehicles, establish efficient routes, set targets for diversion of waste, track progress, and adapt as consumption patterns change. With accurate data, governments can realistically allocate resources, assess relevant technologies, and consider strategic partners for service provision, such as the private sector or nongovernmental organizations. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 provides the most up-to-date information available to empower citizens and governments around the world to effectively address the pressing global crisis of waste. Additional information is available at http://www.worldbank.org/what-a-waste.
Author: UNESCO
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231001701
Category : Cities and towns
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Report presents a series of analyses and recommendations for fostering the role of culture for sustainable development. Drawing on a global survey implemented with nine regional partners and insights from scholars, NGOs and urban thinkers, the report offers a global overview of urban heritage safeguarding, conservation and management, as well as the promotion of cultural and creative industries, highlighting their role as resources for sustainable urban development. Report is intended as a policy framework document to support governments in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Urban Development and the New Urban Agenda.
Author: Mauro Agnoletti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319091808
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
This book is an introductory instrument to the main themes of environmental history, illustrating its development over time, methodological implications, results achieved and those still under discussion. But the overriding aspiration is to show that the doubts, methods and knowledge elaborated by environmental history have a heuristic value that is far from negligible precisely in its attitude to the most consolidated major historiography. For this reason, this book gives an overview of environmental history as it is an essential component of the basic knowledge of global history. At the same time, it introduces specific aspects which are useful both for anyone wanting to deepen his/her studies of environmental historiography and for those interested in one of the many disciplinary areas – from rural history to urban history, from the history of technology to the history of public health, etc. with which environmental history develops a dialogue.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN: 9789251039809
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Risk analysis is widely recognised as the fundamental methodology underlying the development of food safety standards. As recognised in the 1995 consultation, risk analysis is composed of three separate but integrated elements, namely risk assessment, risk management and risk communication. That consultation recognised risk communication as an interactive process of exchange of information and opinion on risk among risk assessors, risk managers, and other interested parties. Risk management is defined within Codex as the process of weighing policy alternatives in the light of the results of risk assessment and, if required, selecting and implementing appropriate control options, including regulatory measures. The outcome of the risk management process, as undertaken by Committees within the Codex Alimentarius system, is the development of standards, guidelines and other recommendations for food safety, m the national situation it is likely that different risk management decisions could be made according to different criteria and different ranges of risk management options. The overall objective of Codex is to ensure consumer protection and to facilitate international trade.
Author: Martin V. Melosi
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN: 0822972689
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 343
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Book Description
As recently as the 1880s, most American cities had no effective means of collecting and removing the mountains of garbage, refuse, and manure-over a thousand tons a day in New York City alone-that clogged streets and overwhelmed the senses of residents. In his landmark study, Garbage in the Cities, Martin Melosi offered the first history of efforts begun in the Progressive Era to clean up this mess.Since it was first published, Garbage in the Cities has remained one of the best historical treatments of the subject. This thoroughly revised and updated edition includes two new chapters that expand the discussion of developments since World War I. It also offers a discussion of the reception of the first edition, and an examination of the ways solid waste management has become more federally regulated in the last quarter of the twentieth century.Melosi traces the rise of sanitation engineering, accurately describes the scope and changing nature of the refuse problem in U.S. cities, reveals the sometimes hidden connections between industrialization and pollution, and discusses the social agendas behind many early cleanliness programs. Absolutely essential reading for historians, policy analysts, and sociologists, Garbage in the Cities offers a vibrant and insightful analysis of this fascinating topic.
