Resistance to Pierce's Disease in Muscadinia Rotundifolia and Other Native Grape Species PDF Download
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Author: Jonathan Joseph Ruel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: Jonathan Joseph Ruel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
Author: Aaron Jack Fishleder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Author: Hans Christian Walter-Peterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Author: F. H. Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Compost
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Author: Henry Perkins Stuckey
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: Laila Fayyaz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781658412230
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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The growth of the common grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has been attempted for about 500 years in the United States. One of the major limitations to its culture is powdery mildew (PM) fungus, Erysiphe necator Schwein, which was first described in eastern North America. Identification and utilization of sources of PM resistance are important for grapevine breeders, which has led to numerous PM resistance studies and evaluations of Vitis germplasm. Our first objective was a wide-scale germplasm screen for foliar resistance to PM focused on accessions of Vitis species from the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. A controlled inoculation method was done with a vacuum-operated settling tower. A total of 147 accessions of 14 Vitis species were evaluated with a broadly virulent isolate of E. necator, the C-strain. Disease symptoms on Vitis vinifera cv. Carignane, a susceptible control, were used to determine the inoculum effect at 14 days post-inoculation. Resistant accessions (nine), moderately susceptible accessions (39), and highly susceptible accessions (99) were observed. Forty-eight accessions were propagated for more intensive study with another fungal isolate, e1-101. The resistant accessions showed consistent results with the e1-101 strain. Geographical differences in susceptibility to PM in species associated with latitudes were not found; across longitudes, western species were generally more susceptible relative to the Midwest and East. No within-species variation was observed in V. monticola and V. treleasei while all other species had intraspecific variation. For interspecific variation, the species V. acerifolia, V. candicans, V. cinerea, and V. X doaniana, possessed significantly more accessions with resistant to moderate susceptibility as compared to V. arizonica, V. berlandieri, V. californica, V. X champinii, V. girdiana, V. riparia, and V. rupestris. This research identified new sources of PM resistance in Vitis from the southwestern US that should be incorporated into PM resistance breeding programs in the US and other grape-growing regions in the world. Our second objective sought to confirm Erysiphe necator (Schw.) resistance in muscadine grapes using in-vitro inoculation. These grapes are believed to be highly resistant to powdery mildew (PM) disease. This study reports on the first comprehensive PM resistance screen in wild and cultivated Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx. Small grapevines (2n=40). A total of 45 M. rotundifolia genotypes (11 cultivated and 34 wild) from the grape collection at the University of California, Davis were inoculated with uniform amounts of PM fungal spores on the young leaves. The sporulating capacity of the two fungal isolates C-strain and the e1-101 strain was observed on each genotype under a microscope. Of the 45 muscadine accessions, 35 showed a consistent disease resistance response to e1-101 strain and C-strain. However, the other 10 accessions, although also resistant, had lower PM resistance scores for the e1-101 strain as compared to C-strain. Flower type of all the accessions was also determined. Seventeen of the 34 wild accessions were male flowered, and 16 were female flowered, one was a hermaphrodite. Five of the cultivated genotypes had female flowers, and 6 were hermaphrodites. The purpose of this screening was to identify new sources of PM resistance, for introgression into V. vinifera. The flower type will help develop the foundation for future studies on the development of hermaphroditic plants, developing genetic markers for plant sex, clarifying the inheritance of sex, and maintaining the muscadine germplasm collection. The third objective was to develop a physical map of the Ren6 PM resistance locus, which was previously identified in the Chinese species, V. piasezkii DVIT2027. The Ren6 resistance locus was found to provide resistance to a broader array of fungal isolates. A map-based cloning approach using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries were used to characterize this locus. The physical map helped us identify 13 putative resistance genes at the Ren6 locus between SSR marker PN9-66.01 and CS-07 in susceptible contig 24h16 using Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) reference genome browser (ORF1263bp, ORF1827bp, ORF2910bp, ORF3774bp, ORF3897bp, ORF1212bp, ORF2865bp, ORF1002bp, ORF2982bp, ORF1449bp, ORF2031bp, ORF2790bp, ORF2808bp). Seven of the 13 ORFs were annotated in the CS reference genome. These include ORF1263bp, ORF1827bp, ORF2910bp, ORF1212bp, ORF2865bp, ORF2790bp, ORF2808bp). Evidently, the majority of the annotated ORFs, including ORF2910bp, ORF2808bp, ORF1212bp and ORF2865bp are predicted to code for disease resistance proteins NBS-LRR. Six of the 13 identified ORFs did not have specific annotations on the CS genome or within NCBI following searches against a non-redundant NCBI database - ORF3774bp, ORF3897bp, ORF1002bp, ORF2982bp, ORF1449bp, and ORF2031bp. However, the resistant contig contained three ORFs (ORF2874bp, ORF2700bp, ORF2790bp) between probe Ren6-n2 and SSR marker CS-03, which stretches approximately 30kb in BAC 51e12. This suggested that there are gaps within the resistant contig. Confirming the role of Ren6 in PM resistance requires further investigation involving screening large segregating populations for E. necator resistance, sequencing more positive BAC clones, annotation of candidate resistance gene, validation of putative gene(s) function via transformation into susceptible hosts, and comparisons with other known PM resistance genes both from North America and Asia.
Author:
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119874122
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 740
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Book Description
Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.
Author: Andrew G. Reynolds
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1782420800
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 467
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Book Description
Grapevine Breeding Programs for the Wine Industry: Traditional and Molecular Techniques summarizes recent trends in grapevine breeding, both in terms of research and practical programs. The first group of chapters covers the challenges faced by breeders and existing and emerging techniques used to combat them. Two further groups of chapters focus on grapevine breeding programs in different wine-producing countries around the world. With authoritative contributions from experts across the world's winemaking regions, this book will be an essential reference for all those involved in viticulture and oeneology wanting to explore new methods, understand different approaches and refine existing practices. - Covers challenges faced by breeders - Highlights grapevine breeding programs in different wine-producing countries - Contributions from experts across the world's winemaking regions
Author: Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540345337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
"Fruits and Nuts" form the largest group among crop plants. Several constraints such as long life cycle have caused comparatively slow research progress in the past. The chapters on 20 fruit and nut crops authored by 56 renowned scientists from 12 countries include for the first time comprehensive reviews on a variety of fruits and nuts. The huge amount of information hitherto dispersed in journals is now available in a clearly structured reference work.
Author: Markus Keller
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author's years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. - Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts - Integration of new research results including: - Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes - Effect of drought stress on grapevine's hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions - The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control - Chapter summaries added - Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added
