Residential Building Damage from Hurricane Storm Surge PDF Download
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Author: Carol J. Friedland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Carol J. Friedland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Building materials
Languages : en
Pages : 150
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Buildings
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Tracings: 90.55.01 (1992 Andrew), 95.01.
Author: Federal Emergency Agency
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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The nation will remember 2004 as a record-setting year in terms of presidential disaster declarations and administered disaster aid. In 2004, President Bush issued 68 disaster declarations of which 27 were due to hurricanes. Time and again the U.S. was impacted by hurricane force winds and waves that damaged cities and small towns in 15 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Of all the regions that endured the hurricane season, the State of Florida bore the brunt of the record-setting storms as Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jeanne tested the federal and state fortitude in disaster response and recovery. Communities were devastated as wind and water damage from the four storms battered residential, commercial, industrial, and public facilities. Disaster assistance totaling more than $4.4 billion was approved for Floridians, and to date, 1.24 million storm victims have applied for federal and state assistance (FEMA 2005b). The financial impact of the season will likely exceed $20 billion, according to preliminary loss estimates from the Insurance Services Office's Property Claim Services (PCS). The four hurricanes that struck Florida in 2004 were all significant events; however, the hurricanes were each distinctive in terms of their wind and water action and resulting damages. The first of these, Charley (designated a Category 4), was the first design level wind event to strike the U.S. mainland since Hurricane Andrew (1992) and caused more wind damage than flood damage. Frances (Category 2) and Jeanne (Category 3), while not as strong as Charley, were still very damaging hurricanes resulting in additional wind damage. Hurricane Ivan delivered not only strong winds (Category 3), but also caused significant flood damage to buildings and other structures, even those built above the 100-year flood elevation. The impact of the four hurricanes was intensified by their back-to-back occurrence; three of the hurricanes followed similar paths or had overlapping damage swaths. Frances and Jeanne followed almost identical paths across Florida from the east coast (around Port St. Lucie) to the west coast (north of Tampa area). These two very wide storms crossed the path of Charley (which traveled west to east) in central Florida creating an overlap of impacted areas in Orange, Osceola, Polk, and Hardee counties. As a result of these overlapping impact swaths, damage resulting from the later hurricanes (Frances and Jeanne) was difficult to distinguish from earlier damage caused by Charley. For instance, roofs that failed during Frances or Jeanne may have been weakened or damaged by Charley and more prone to failure. For this reason, most of the recommendations and conclusions contained in this report are based on observations made after Hurricanes Charley and Ivan and are supported by observations made after Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne. Following Hurricanes Charley and Ivan, the FEMA Mitigation Assessment Teams (MATs) performed field observations to determine how well buildings in Florida and Alabama performed under stresses caused by the storms' wind and water impacts. A Rapid Response Data Collection Team performed field observations after Hurricane Frances that focused on critical and essential facilities; however an assessment was not performed after Jeanne, because Jeanne and Frances impacted a similar region. Overall, the MAT observed building performance success in structural systems designed and built after Hurricane Andrew. This Summary Report focuses on the ongoing need for improvement in building performance.
Author:
Publisher:
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Category : Building laws
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, and Environment
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hurricane protection
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Author: Mehrshad Amini
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Coastal residential buildings are vulnerable to significant damage due to hurricane related hazards such as storm surge, wind loads, and inundation. Recent damage to residential buildings caused by hurricanes in coastal areas illustrates poor performance of coastal structures against hurricane related hazards, which indicates that recent standards and building code provisions need to be improved in terms of loading and design requirements. A fundamental problem with current standards is that most follow the deterministic approach to some extent. For instance, both uncertainties regarding flood hazards and building structure characteristics such as elevation, number of stories, and size have not been considered in current flood risk assessment methods, which causes many concerns in terms of validity and reliability. On the other hand, Performance-Based Engineering (PBE) methodology is a well-known design approach to address inherent uncertainties for assessing and mitigating the risk associated with engineering structures. However, with only limited PBE frameworks in hurricane engineering fields proposed during recent years, there is lack of sufficient understanding of different aspects for development of standards needed for hurricane resistant design and retrofit of residential buildings. Furthermore, given the concurrent multi-hazard nature of hurricanes, designers need to address more complex loading conditions and design decisions. Based on the performance of coastal residential buildings in past hurricanes, elevating the lowest floor above the expected Base Flood Elevation (BFE) has been found to be the most effective strategy to reduce direct damage caused by flood and storm surge. However, elevated buildings can be exposed to different levels of wind loads due to unique aerodynamic characteristics, which leads to the need for more stringent design of structural and foundation systems. In addition, past hurricanes have shown that the actual flood levels can be several feet higher than the BFE, which means even pile-elevated houses may still be vulnerable to damage. Therefore, some communities encourage homeowners to add freeboard to the specific BFE in order to mitigate the risk of damage. The amount of freeboard depends on many factors, for which there is no rational approach for building owners and designers to make the most efficient decision. This study proposes a probabilistic framework in order to investigate the combined interaction of hurricane wind and coastal surge flood on typical residential homes upgraded based on various retrofit strategies. The goal of developing such a framework is to contribute to holistic and quantitative approach in evaluating the potential damage to retrofitted, particularly elevated coastal residential buildings. This proposed probabilistic framework consists of four main modules, namely hazard analysis, structural analysis, damage assessment, and loss measurement. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the performance of coastal residential buildings with respect to direct and indirect damage. The result of the literature review on mitigation techniques are discussed according to hurricane wind and flood-related hazards. Identification and quantification of these hurricane-associated hazards is the first step to understanding the behavior of residential buildings and identifying common failure mechanisms and mitigation techniques. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain realistic loading scenarios (wind and wave effects) and corresponding engineering demand parameters, respectively. A comprehensive parametric analysis was conducted to understand the effect of various factors, including wind angle, wave type (regular and irregular waves), building elevation, and pier distribution on wind- and wave-induced loads on elevated coastal residential buildings. The CFD models were validated based on available data in terms of wind and wave loadings separately due to lack of current laboratory experiments. The resistance capacities and statistical characteristics for various building components under positive and negative pressures were obtained from experimental tests available in the literature review. The procedure relies on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to propagate uncertainties through the CFD analysis. Finally, damage assessment and vulnerability analysis were conducted based on selected failure criteria (e.g., HAZUS database) to develop physics-based fragility curves based on four different damage states, and finally obtain loss curves in terms of the building elevation for the selected residential building. A typical wood-frame residential building was selected for the case study to develop the fragility curves for four damage states and the corresponding loss curve based on HAZUS-MH. The building was assumed to be located in the Bolivar Peninsula, where it was heavily impacted by Hurricane Ike as a Category 2 storm. The fragility curves and loss curve were developed for two different scenarios: the building with 8d and 6d common nails used for the connection of roof and floor sheathings. These loss curves predict the expected damage ratio of the building due to combined effects of wind and waves considering the specific house elevation, which can help design professionals and home builders in order to select a reasonable freeboard above the base flood elevation determined based on a probabilistic approach rather than available deterministic methods. This framework can also be utilized in risk assessment and decision analysis of other types of structures against various environmental hazards.
Author:
Publisher: FEMA
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Flood damage prevention
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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