Reinforcement-test Sequences in Paired-associate Learning PDF Download
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Author: Chizuko Izawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Learning of paired-associate items was studied in relation to different repetitive sequences of reinforced (R) trials and test (T) trials. One purpose was to obtain evidence as to whether either learning or forgetting occurs on unreinforced T trials; a second was to adduce principles bearing on the problem of optimal programming of R and T trials. The four training conditions were: (1) R T R T ... ; (2) R R T R R T ... ; (3) R T T R T T ... ; (4) R R T T R R T T ... Five items were assigned to each condition and the sequences were repeated till a criterion of learning was reached. Two groups of 50 subjects were run; one with nonsense syllable-number pairs and one with nonsense syllable-word pairs. Performance on tests given successively without intervening reinforcement showed no significant change in correct response probability--suggesting that neither learning nor forgetting occurred on T trials per se. The course of learning was, however, affected to a major extent by the ratio of Ts to Rs and by their arrangement in the various repetitive sequences. Learning curves plotted in terms of error proportion on the first T following the n(th) R trial lined up in the order: Condition 3 (lowest), 1, 4, 2. (Author).
Author: Chizuko Izawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Get Book Here
Book Description
Learning of paired-associate items was studied in relation to different repetitive sequences of reinforced (R) trials and test (T) trials. One purpose was to obtain evidence as to whether either learning or forgetting occurs on unreinforced T trials; a second was to adduce principles bearing on the problem of optimal programming of R and T trials. The four training conditions were: (1) R T R T ... ; (2) R R T R R T ... ; (3) R T T R T T ... ; (4) R R T T R R T T ... Five items were assigned to each condition and the sequences were repeated till a criterion of learning was reached. Two groups of 50 subjects were run; one with nonsense syllable-number pairs and one with nonsense syllable-word pairs. Performance on tests given successively without intervening reinforcement showed no significant change in correct response probability--suggesting that neither learning nor forgetting occurred on T trials per se. The course of learning was, however, affected to a major extent by the ratio of Ts to Rs and by their arrangement in the various repetitive sequences. Learning curves plotted in terms of error proportion on the first T following the n(th) R trial lined up in the order: Condition 3 (lowest), 1, 4, 2. (Author).
Author: Chizuko Izawa
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317783263
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
To present a timely analysis applying the rich resources of the current cognitive revolution, the contributors to this volume emphasize symbiotic interactions between theoretical/laboratory and applied/real-life approaches. A direct result of a symposium on general experimental psychology held during the International Congress of Applied Psychology (ICAP) in Kyoto, this volume includes papers focusing on topics in cognitive psychology that can be applied to school, business/industry, and daily life. The 20 contributors to ICAP represent not only a uniformly high level of excellence, but also a unique collection of talent from five nations: Canada, England, France, Japan, and the United States. This combined intelligence offers critical analyses of cognitive approaches to enhancing work efficiency, educating the labor force, coping with anxiety, improving mental hygiene, understanding the aging population, and exploring aesthetics in music.
Author: Joseph Leslie Young
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: Chizuko Izawa
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 131778376X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
The first book-length collection of papers presented at a Flowerree Symposium, this volume provides an in-depth analysis of a variety of the newest and most critical empirical and theoretical issues in the study of human cognition. These include models of human category learning, models of memory, implicit memory and knowledge, dynamic decision behavior, effects of test and item presentation methods, visual inputs, and contexts. An essential reference for professionals and ideal for use as a textbook by both advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Author: Chizuko Izawa
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113561783X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
This text celebrates the fourth Tsukuba International Conference on Memory (Tic4) held in January of 2003, by setting forth productive directions for memory researchers and human learning theorists around the world. It presents fascinating perspectives on progress, and future prospects for models, theories, and hypotheses authors developed, including several new, never published experimental results. Contributors include the winner of the 1997 U.S. Congressional Medal of Science--William K. Estes--who graced the text by penning the forward. The three full day presentations of Tic4 included presentations by 225 experts, represented by 73 universities from countries on four continents: Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. Human Learning and Memory presents 11 chapters by invited speakers, and its appendices include titles of all papers accepted for Tic4 presentations, as well as a background introduction to Japanese cultures, relevant to Tic4 experiences. This book appeals to scholars, researchers, and teachers in the fields of human learning and memory, cognition, language learning, and educational psychology (theoretical, empirical, and applied dimensions). It can also be used as a textbook for both advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in these domains, either as required or recommended reading.
Author: William Kaye Estes
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780805807608
Category : Cognition
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Author: Jose Mestre
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123876915
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
This volume contains overviews of research projects at the intersection of cognitive science and education. The prominent contributors were chosen both for the quality of their work and the variety of their contributions.
Author: H. Weingartner
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317769090
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
First published in 1984. This volume was organized for students of human memory and related cognitive processes. The issues deal not only with memory in unimpaired individuals, but also with impaired patients and with consolidation in lower animals. The chapters in this volume demonstrate that consolidation is a flourishing and controversial concept in memory research today. More than ten years after the seminal book of M cGaugh and Herz, questions about consolidation are re-examined in light of current models of human memory, its pathology, and its modulation by drugs.
Author: Timothy J Perfect
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 1473971306
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1102
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Book Description
A fabulous collection of essays on memory in the real world. The leading scholars have been assembled to produce a volume that is intellectually rich, up-to-date, and truly important. - Elizabeth F. Loftus, Distinguished Professor, University of California, Irvine "An invaluable resource for anyone wishing to access the current state of knowledge of, or contemplating research into, the growing area of applied memory research." - Graham Davies, Editor, Applied Cognitive Psychology The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory is the first of its kind to focus specifically on this vibrant and progressive field. It offers a broad and comprehensive coverage of recent theoretical and empirical research advances in the psychology of memory as they apply to a range of applied issues, and offers advanced students and researchers the opportunity to survey the literature in the psychology of memory across a range of applied domains. Arranged into four sections: Everyday Memory; Social and Individual Differences in Memory; Subjective Experience of Memory; and Eyewitness Memory, this handbook provides a comprehensive summary and evaluation of scientific memory research as well as theory in a broad range of applied topics including those in cognitive, forensic and experimental psychology. Brought together by world-leading scholars from across the globe, The SAGE Handbook of Applied Memory will be of great interest to all advanced students and academics with an interest in all aspects of applied memory.
Author: Robert A. Bjork
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
The dissertation reports a study of short-term retention in paired-associate list learning. One purpose of the study was to ascertain empirically the extent to which short-term memory influences performance during the acquisition of a list of paired associates; a second was to gather evidence with respect to the conceptual relationship of short-term memory and learning. The particular experimental behavior chosen for study was the learning of a list of paired associates by means of a series of anticipation trials. An anticipation trial starts with the presentation of a stimulus to which the subject attempts to anticipate the correct response and ends with a presentation of the correct response. During an experimental session, the trials on any one item (presentation sequence) are characterized by a sequence of interpresentation intervals; that is, any two successive presentations of an item are separated by some number of trials on other items. The experimental design modified the standard anticipation procedure in two ways. (1) The series of trials was generated by a computer-implemented algorithm designed to yield a uniform distribution of interpresentation intervals. (2) All subjects had the same series of trials in the sense that each had the same set of presentation sequences. The confounding of item differences with the effects of the presentation sequences was avoided by counterbalancing across subjects the assignment of items to presentation sequences. (Author).
