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Author: Valeria De Bonis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Eficacia
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Valeria De Bonis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Eficacia
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: Valeria de Bonis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Even if concerted agreeme ...
Author: De Valeria Bonis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
November 1997 Even if concerted agreements might help reduce inefficiencies resulting from regional differences in income tax, making regional taxes uniform may not be the best solution to the problem-but imposing a minimum tax rate could be. De Bonis analyzes (both theoretically and empirically) the international distortions and fiscal interdependence that arise because of different tax rates among a region's countries. She also studies what happens when the countries try to harmonize taxes, focusing on how the countries' size influences results, how strategic behavior changes under different international tax rules, and what happens to relationships with countries excluded from the integration process. Among her findings: * In the case of highly mobile factors, such as financial capital, competition involves the risk of tax rates and revenues being brought down to extremely low levels, so some form of concerted agreement seems necessary, although cooperation need not involve tax rate uniformity. But regional agreements might be ineffective when factors can move to the rest of the world. * In the case of less mobile factors, such as physical capital, competition would not yield the outcome of extremely low tax rates. Then the need for concerted international intervention is weaker. But international coordination in the form of imposing a minimum tax rate might be beneficial in some cases. * As for taxing foreign direct investment in developing countries, in the context of regional North-South integration agreements, it is possible that differences in the countries' objective functions eliminate the incentive for strategic reactions. In the context of South-South agreements, incentives for the integrating, capital-importing countries to compete with each other are determined by the kind of tax system chosen in the capital-exporting rest of the world. In the case of exemption, competition would drive capital income tax rates down. In the case of a credit system, competition would take place only in tariffs (or other trade taxes). What is required then is an agreement not on capital income taxes but on a common external tariff. * In the presence of migration costs or a link between the tax rates on mobile and immobile factors, the absence of coordination does not lead to a zero tax rate on mobile factors. Both countries' welfare can be improved by imposing a minimum tax rate, but not a uniform tax rate. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of background work for the group's program on regionalism and development.
Author: Pierre Bachas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Globalization
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
How has globalization affected the relative taxation of labor and capital, and why To address this question, this paper builds and analyzes a new database of effective macroeconomic tax rates covering 150 countries since 1965, constructed by combining national accounts data with government revenue statistics. Four main findings are obtained. (1) The effective tax rates on labor and capital have converged globally since the 1960s, due to a 10 percentage-point increase in labor taxation and a 5 percentage-point decline in capital taxation. (2) The decline in capital taxation is concentrated in high-income countries. By contrast, capital taxation has increased in developing countries since the 1990s, albeit from a low base. (3) Consistently across a variety of research designs, the findings show that the rise in capital taxation in developing countries can be explained by a tax capacity effect of international trade: trade openness leads to a concentration of economic activity in formal corporate structures, where capital taxes are easier to impose. (4) At the same time, international economic integration reduces statutory tax rates, due to increased tax competition. In high-income countries, this negative tax competition effect of trade has dominated, while in developing countries, the positive tax-capacity effect of international trade appears to have prevailed.
Author: Rodney D. Ludema
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic geography
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: Miroslav Jovanovic
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780415166737
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 834
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1557754756
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent to which the degree of international economic integration, both financial and trade, affects corporate tax rates. It explores this issue in the context of strategic behavior by countries, taking into account other global and domestic political economy factors. Tax rates are analyzed using a unique tax dataset for advanced and developing economies extending over five decades. We report a number of novel results: there is no general negative relationship between financial globalization and corporate tax rates and revenues—results vary according to country grouping with OECD countries showing a positive relationship; the United States exhibits a “Stackelberg” type of leadership on other countries; trade integration is inversely correlated with tax rates; and public sentiment and ideology affect tax rates. The policy implications of these findings, particularly given budgetary pressures in the aftermath of the global crisis, are noted.
Author: James Alm
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781782545811
Category : Taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In recent decades countries around the world have seen a wide diversity of tax reforms, both in major systematic changes, and through more specific areas of tax, such as value-added and income tax. The results of these reforms, however, have been unequal, and many issues remain unresolved. With advances in globalization, technology and regional integration, the issue of adapting tax systems in developing countries to new economic environments is becoming ever more pressing. This research review surveys the best research from the past three decades on tax reform in developing countries to highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, analyse useful policy options and present new and critical approaches to this critical issue.
Author: Vito Tanzi
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815723008
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 193
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Book Description
Tanzi explores how foreign taxes on repatriated income should be treated; how profits, sales, and ownership of property should be allocated among countries; and to what degree various taxes should be coordinated. As global markets for goods, services and financial assets have become increasingly integrated, national governments no longer have as much control over economic markets. With the completion of the Uruguay Round of the GATT talks, the world economy has entered a fresh phase requiring different rules and different levels of international cooperation. Policies once thought to be entirely domestic and appropriately determined by national political institutions, are now subject to international constraints. Cogent analysis of this deeper integration of the world economy, and guidelines for government policies, are urgent priorities. This series aims to meet these needs over a range of 21 books by some of the world's leading economists, political scientists, foreign policy specialists and government officials. A volume of Brookings' Integrating National Economies Series
Author: Hilary Appel
Publisher: University of Michigan Press
ISBN: 0472117769
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 198
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Book Description
Fundamental shifts in Eastern European tax policy
