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Author: Valeria De Bonis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commercial products
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Author: Valeria De Bonis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commercial products
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Author: Valeria De Bonis
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Eficacia
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Author: De Valeria Bonis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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November 1997 Even if concerted agreements might help reduce inefficiencies resulting from regional differences in income tax, making regional taxes uniform may not be the best solution to the problem-but imposing a minimum tax rate could be. De Bonis analyzes (both theoretically and empirically) the international distortions and fiscal interdependence that arise because of different tax rates among a region's countries. She also studies what happens when the countries try to harmonize taxes, focusing on how the countries' size influences results, how strategic behavior changes under different international tax rules, and what happens to relationships with countries excluded from the integration process. Among her findings: * In the case of highly mobile factors, such as financial capital, competition involves the risk of tax rates and revenues being brought down to extremely low levels, so some form of concerted agreement seems necessary, although cooperation need not involve tax rate uniformity. But regional agreements might be ineffective when factors can move to the rest of the world. * In the case of less mobile factors, such as physical capital, competition would not yield the outcome of extremely low tax rates. Then the need for concerted international intervention is weaker. But international coordination in the form of imposing a minimum tax rate might be beneficial in some cases. * As for taxing foreign direct investment in developing countries, in the context of regional North-South integration agreements, it is possible that differences in the countries' objective functions eliminate the incentive for strategic reactions. In the context of South-South agreements, incentives for the integrating, capital-importing countries to compete with each other are determined by the kind of tax system chosen in the capital-exporting rest of the world. In the case of exemption, competition would drive capital income tax rates down. In the case of a credit system, competition would take place only in tariffs (or other trade taxes). What is required then is an agreement not on capital income taxes but on a common external tariff. * In the presence of migration costs or a link between the tax rates on mobile and immobile factors, the absence of coordination does not lead to a zero tax rate on mobile factors. Both countries' welfare can be improved by imposing a minimum tax rate, but not a uniform tax rate. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of background work for the group's program on regionalism and development.
Author: Bedri Peci
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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One of the measures taken for European economic integration is tax harmonization. Final goal of tax harmonization has been and yet remains the economic efficiency and in particular the promotion of the common market. Tax harmonization in the EU member states is not new. Harmonization of indirect taxes, and in particular the harmonization of turnover tax, was present within the project of European integration since the outset so that a certain minimum of harmonization was created as the VAT Common System. Progress has also been achieved in the harmonisation of excise duty rates and excise structures. While progress has been achieved regarding indirect taxes, the harmonization of direct taxes did not evolved properly and the taxation of income and profits is still being applied in national states, despite many proposals seeking appropriate harmonization. The current European Community Law has no effect on the tax rates on corporate income applicable to European Union member States. In the area of corporate income tax the harmonization of some issues relating to tax treatment of dividend payments between companies and their status changes has been made. All Balkan countries aspire for EU membership by making the transposition of EU rules. These countries have managed to harmonize in a fairly large extent their tax systems with the acquis communautaire. Closer perspectives in these states are the harmonization of customs tax policies. Harmonization of tax legislations with EU requirements would take more time than the initial steps that have been taken for the liberalization of trade. Harmonization of legislation should be accompanied by a genuine reform of public administration in the Balkan countries, as implementation of legislation is much more complex task than its drafting. Kosovo as well as other Balkan countries constantly has reformed its system by reducing tax rates, redefined the tax base and making amendments and clarification of the interpretation of existing laws. Even though Kosovo has a simple legislation much more should be done in order to address the legal gaps, tax harmonization with the EU and the regulation of international tax relations. Administrative capacity to implement European standards and the law in the field of free movement of goods is still inadequate. Considerable efforts should be made further in this regard.
Author: Mario Mansour
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484338774
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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We review the current state of the West African Economic and Monetary Union’s tax coordination framework, against the main objectives of the WAEMU Treaty of 1994: reduce distortions to intra-community trade, and mobilize domestic tax revenue. The process of tax coordination in WAEMU is one of the most advanced in the world—de jure at least—, but remains in many areas ineffective de facto. Nevertheless, the framework has, to some extent, succeeded in converging tax systems, particularly statutory tax rates, and may have contributed to improving revenue mobilisation. Important lessons can be drawn from the WAEMU experience, particularly in terms of whether coordination should take the form of harmonization through a top-down approach, or a softer approach of sharing best practice and limiting certain types of tax competition.
Author: Lawrence B. Krause
Publisher: Washington : Brookings Institution
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Study of the impact of European economic integration on the economy of the USA - covers economic policies and experience of the EC and EFTA, and the effects thereof on trade patterns in consumer goods and agricultural products, economic relations with the associated overseas countries, and implications of the kennedy round tariff reductions. Selected bibliography, references and statistical tables.
Author: Richard Baldwin
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 069112311X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 501
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Book Description
Illustrating policy insights that stem from economic geography models, this text focuses on trade policy, tax policy and regional policy. The authors show how these models can be used to make sense of real-world situations.
Author:
Publisher: UN
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 166
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Book Description
The fifth of the series (ARIA/V) has come at a time of renewed enthusiasm for shortening the period of the vision of the Abuja Treaty. Its overall objective is to provide an analytical research publication that defines frameworks for African Governments, the African Union and the Regional Economic Communities, towards accelerating the establishment of the African Common Market through: the speedy removal of all tariff and non-tariff barriers, obstacles to free movement of people, investments and factors of production in general across Africa, and through fast-tracking the creation of an African continental Free Trade Area
Author: Bouet, Antoine
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Informal cross-border trade (ICBT) represents a prominent phenomenon in Africa. Several studies suggest that for certain products and countries, the value of informal trade may meet or even exceed the value of formal trade. This paper provides a review of existing efforts to measure informal trade. We list 18 initiatives aimed at measuring ICBT in Africa. The paper also summarizes discussions conducted with many stakeholders in Africa between December 2016 and May 2018 regarding the measurement, the determinants, and the implications of ICBT. The methodologies used to measure ICBT in Africa differ widely, but they do confirm that informal trade in Africa is both sizeable and volatile. Both evidence on the determinants of ICBT and discussions with stakeholders suggest that policies should aim to reduce the existing costs associated with formal trade and provide positive incentives for traders and producers to move into the formal economy in order to avoid the loss of economic potential stemming from informal trade.
Author: Warner Max Corden
Publisher: Princeton, N.J. : International Finance Section, Princeton University
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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