Quantitative Trait Loci for Agronomic and End-use Quality Performance and the Effect of Soilborne Wheat Mosaic Virus in a Hard Winter Wheat Population in Nebraska PDF Download
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Author: Nicholas Adam Crowley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124124001
Category : Mosaic viruses
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Nicholas Adam Crowley
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124124001
Category : Mosaic viruses
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Benjamin Todd Campbell
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Author: Antje Kunert
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832259976
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Junli Zhang (Doctoral student)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Grain yield (GY) is always the first priority in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding; however, progress in improvement of this trait is hampered due to quantitative inheritance, low heritability, and confounding environmental effects. Thanks to the advancements of high throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies, both molecular markers and physiological traits are now promising indirect selection tools in breeding for this trait and other traits. Besides grain yield, grain quality is another important respect in wheat breeding, and one of the quality traits is the Hagberg falling number (FN), which is commonly used in grain grading. The FN test has a genetic component but is also strongly influenced by environmental conditions during the reproductive growth stage, including excessive moisture, extreme temperature, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of the current studies was to identify potential genomic regions and molecular markers that influence GY, three important physiological traits (canopy temperature, CT; chlorophyll content index, CCI; flag leaf senescence, FLS) that could impact grain yield during heat and moisture stress, and FN by QTL mapping approaches. A winter wheat population of 159 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of ID0444 and Rio Blanco were used to map QTL for GY, CT, CCI and FLS, and a total of 110 hard white spring (HWS) wheat accessions from the National Small Grain Collection (NSGC) were used in genome-wide association mapping of FN. GY was evaluated under three field conditions, rainfed, terminal drought (water stress applied after anthesis), and fully irrigated, with a total of six location-year environments. QTL mapping was conducted for main effect (G) of GY, and the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) effect of GY. A total of 17 QTL were associated with G and 13 QTL associated with GEI, and nine of 13 QTL for GEI were mapped in the flanking chromosomal regions of QTL for GEI. One QTL, Q.Gy.ui-1B.2 found on chromosome 1B, was associated with GY in all six individual environments. Significant QTL x environment interaction (QEI), QTL x QTL interaction (QQI) and QTL x QTL x environment (QQEI) were also identified. The present study showed that the QEI and QQI were as important as the QTL main effect of GY, and they should be taken into consideration in future QTL studies and marker-assisted selection (MAS). The three physiological traits, CT, CCI and FLS, which have been reported to be closely related to grain yield of wheat in diverse environments, were evaluated in two terminal drought and one rainfed environments in southeastern Idaho. Correlation results showed that CT and FLS were highly correlated with GY but the relationship between CCI and GY varied among the three environments. FLS was closely related to heading date (HD) and its effect on grain yield might be determined by HD in the RIL population used in the study. Stepwise multiple regression showed that CT and FLS could predict grain yield effectively and could be used as indirect selection criteria in wheat breeding. A total of 27 main effect QTL (M-QTL) were identified on 12 chromosomes, explaining 5 to 14% of phenotypic variation. Seven epistatic QTL (E-QTL) were identified for FLS and CCI and these could explain 9-25% of the phenotypic variation, but most of them did not have a main effect. Most of the QTL were reported for the first time. FN tests were conducted using grain flour samples from the 110 HWS wheat accessions grown in five environments. A total of 1,740 SNP markers were used to detect SNP-FN associations using both general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM). A total of 13 QTL located in nine chromosomal regions were identified in both GLM and MLM approaches. These new QTL have the potential to increase the selection efficiency for wheat breeding, and can be further explored to identify candidate genes.
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Languages : en
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Author: Madhav Bhatta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Grain yield and end-use quality are the most important characteristics for hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivium L.). Improvement of grain quality characteristics of grain from a given growing season and location requires systematic understanding of the genotype chosen, the production environment, and also knowing the consequence of rate and time of individual production packages such as seed treatment, seed rate, nitrogen (N) fertilization, and foliar fungicide applications. The objectives of this study were to: identify the effects of seed rate, genotype, and N top-dressed on yield, agronomic characteristics, and end-use quality of winter wheat; and to determine the effects of seed treatment and flag leaf foliar fungicide application on yield and agronomic characteristics of wheat cultivars. Two experiments were conducted at Havelock, near Lincoln, NE and the High Plains Agricultural Lab (HPAL), near Sidney, NE in 2014 and 2015 using randomized complete block design with split factorial arrangement. Overall foliar N increased grain yield, grain protein concentration, other baking quality indicators such as flour water absorption, peak height, tail area, weakening slope, and depressed grain volume weight, mixing time, and tolerance. Similarly, increased seed rate improved grain yield, seed weight, grain volume weight, flour yield, mixing time, and mixing tolerance. Increased seed rate reduced grain protein, flour water absorption, tail area, peak height, and weakening slope. Seed treated with EverGol Energy and Gaucho showed improved seedling emergence, leaf greenness, grain yield, and seed weight. Application of foliar fungicide at flag leaf stage improved grain yield, seed weight, and leaf area. Among the six genotypes evaluated, ‘Settler CL’ and ‘Freeman’ had the highest overall grain yield. The study demonstrated the importance of seeding rate and the existence of a wider than expected tolerance range for seeding rate. The study also demonstrated the importance of in-season nitrogen top dress and foliar fungicide application to increased winter wheat grain yield and grain quality in Nebraska. However, further research is recommended to fine-tune the factors and interdependence of response in relation to a specific location, season or the prevailing weather condition, and the specific attribute of the genotype seeded.
Author: Izabela L. Ciechanowska
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Wheat
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Marker-assisted selection requires the identification of molecular markers associated with major genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) using linkage analysis. In this study, we used 167 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from two unregistered spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) parental lines that belong to the Canada Western Special Purpose (CWSP) class to map QTLs associated with five traits using inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM). Using ICIM, least square means phenotype data across 3-4 environments, and a genetic map of 2,676 SNPs out of the wheat 90K SNP array, we identified ten QTLs associated with maturity (4A and 5B), plant lodging (4B, 5A, 5D, and 7D), grain yield (2D), leaf rust (4A) and stem rust (1A and 2B). Each QTL individually accounted for 6.0-22.3% of the phenotypic variance and together accounted for 8.6-38.2% of each trait. QTLs identified for rusts using ICIM had a minor effect (6.0-9.0%) or a major effect (22.3%). Our major effect QTL at 22.3% was discovered on chromosome 2B and contributed to stem rust response. Its physical location has been associated with disease response in previous studies. Results from this study provide additional valuable information to wheat researchers, in particular that the area on chromosome 2B should be considered for future analyses.
Author: Chris Hoagland
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: Abdulrahman Hashimi
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the devastating wheat diseases worldwide. It reduces not only yield, but also grain quality due to mycotoxins produced by the pathogen Fusarium graminearum. To identify consistent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance in two US winter wheat 'CI13227' and 'Lyman', we genotyped a double haploid (DH) population from '' x 'CI13227' X 'Lakin' using Illumina wheat 90K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips and two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations from 'Lyman'x 'Overley' and 'Lyman'x 'CI13227' using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and evaluated the three populations for FHB type II resistance in greenhouse and field experiments. QTL mapping identified four QTLs on chromosomes 4BS, 5AL, 2DS and 7A in the 'CI13227' x 'Lakin' population, which explained 8-17% of the phenotypic variation in different experiments. The QTL on 4BS from CI13227 showed the largest effect among QTLs detected in the 'CI13227' x 'Lakin' population and were consistently detected in three experiments. 'CI13227' contributed the resistance alleles at QTLs on 2DS and 7A, whereas 'Lakin' contributed the resistance allele at 5AL QTL. The 7A QTL was detected in only one experiment. The QTLs on the chromosomes 4B and 2D showed a high correlation with plant height, suggesting a linked genes or pleiotropic effect of these QTLs. In the 'Lyman'/'Overley' population, six QTLs were located on the chromosomes 1A, 2A, 3A, 1B, 2B and 4B, and explained 5.5 -21% of the phenotypic variations for type II resistance. The QTL on 3A from 'Lyman' showed the largest effects and detected in two greenhouses experiments. Significant correlation was not detected between the PSS and plant height in this population. In the 'Lyman'/'CI13227' population, four QTLs were detected with two QTLs on chromosomes 1A and 7A from 'CI13227' and chromosomes 2B and 3A from 'Lyman' and QTLs on 7A from 'CI13227' and 2B and 3A from 'Lyman' confirmed the results from the previous two populations. Markers for the repeatable QTLs were converted into Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers for marker-assisted breeding to pyramid these QTLs in U.S. winter wheat.
