Pyrolyse flash à haute température de la biomasse ligno-cellulosique et de ses composés PDF Download
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Author: Carole Couhert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 205
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Book Description
La pyrolyse est la première étape de tout traitement thermique de la biomasse et conditionne la formation de gaz de synthèse pour la production d’électricité, d’hydrogène ou de carburants liquides. L’objectif de ces travaux est d’établir une relation entre la composition d’une biomasse et ses rendements en gaz de pyrolyse. Nous étudions la pyrolyse flash de façon expérimentale et fixons les conditions opératoires qui maximisent les quantités de gaz tout en visant un régime intrinsèque (particules d’environ 100 μm) : température de 950°C et temps de séjour d’environ 2 s. Puis nous tentons de développer un outil de prévision des rendements en gaz d’une biomasse quelconque en fonction de sa composition, applicable dans cette situation où l’équilibre thermodynamique n’est pas atteint. Nous montrons qu’une loi d’addition ne permet pas de corréler les rendements en gaz d’une biomasse avec les fractions massiques de cellulose, d’hémicellulose et de lignine contenues dans cette biomasse. Plusieurs explications sont proposées et investiguées une à une : différence de comportement pyrolytique d’un même composé selon la biomasse de laquelle il est extrait, interactions entre composés et influence de la matière minérale. En vue d’une application industrielle, nous étudions la pyrolyse de particules de tailles millimétrique et centimétrique, et réalisons une simulation numérique des réactions de reformage des gaz de pyrolyse. Cette simulation montre que le choix de la biomasse affecte largement les quantités de gaz de synthèse obtenues.
Author: Carole Couhert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 205
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Book Description
La pyrolyse est la première étape de tout traitement thermique de la biomasse et conditionne la formation de gaz de synthèse pour la production d’électricité, d’hydrogène ou de carburants liquides. L’objectif de ces travaux est d’établir une relation entre la composition d’une biomasse et ses rendements en gaz de pyrolyse. Nous étudions la pyrolyse flash de façon expérimentale et fixons les conditions opératoires qui maximisent les quantités de gaz tout en visant un régime intrinsèque (particules d’environ 100 μm) : température de 950°C et temps de séjour d’environ 2 s. Puis nous tentons de développer un outil de prévision des rendements en gaz d’une biomasse quelconque en fonction de sa composition, applicable dans cette situation où l’équilibre thermodynamique n’est pas atteint. Nous montrons qu’une loi d’addition ne permet pas de corréler les rendements en gaz d’une biomasse avec les fractions massiques de cellulose, d’hémicellulose et de lignine contenues dans cette biomasse. Plusieurs explications sont proposées et investiguées une à une : différence de comportement pyrolytique d’un même composé selon la biomasse de laquelle il est extrait, interactions entre composés et influence de la matière minérale. En vue d’une application industrielle, nous étudions la pyrolyse de particules de tailles millimétrique et centimétrique, et réalisons une simulation numérique des réactions de reformage des gaz de pyrolyse. Cette simulation montre que le choix de la biomasse affecte largement les quantités de gaz de synthèse obtenues.
Author: Lew Christopher
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849735069
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 323
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Book Description
This reference book describes how bioprocessing and biotechnology could enhance the value extracted from wood-based lignocellulosic fiber by employing both biochemical and thermochemical conversion processes. It documents recent accomplishments and suggests future prospects for research and development of integrated forest biorefineries (IFBR) as the path forward for the pulp, paper and other fiber-processing industries. This is the only book to cover this area of high economic, social, and environmental importance. It is aimed at industrialists and academics from diverse science and engineering backgrounds including chemical and biotechnology companies, governmental and professional bodies, and scholarly societies. The Editor and contributors are internationally recognized scientists and many are leaders in their respective fields. The book starts with an introductory overview of the current state of biorefining and a justification for future developments. The next four chapters deal with social, economic and environmental issues related to regulations, biomass production and supply, process modelling, and life cycle analysis. Subsequent chapters focus on the extraction of biochemicals from biomass and their potential utilization to add value to the IFBR prior to pulping. The book then presents, compares and evaluates two types of forest biorefineries based on kraft and organosolv pulping. Finally, the book assess the potential of waste biomass and streams, such paper mill sludge and black liquor, to serve as feedstock for biofuel production and value-added biomaterials through both the biochemical and thermochemical routes of biomass bioprocessing. The economics of the described IFBR processes and products, and their environmental impact, is a major focus in most of the chapters. Practical examples are presented where relevant and applicable.
Author: Jose Aguado
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847550800
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 205
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Book Description
The use of plastic materials has seen a massive increase in recent years, and generation of plastic wastes has grown proportionately. Recycling of these wastes to reduce landfill disposal is problematic due to the wide variation in properties and chemical composition among the different types of plastics. Feedstock recycling is one of the alternatives available for consideration, and Feedstock Recycling of Plastic Wastes looks at the conversion of plastic wastes into valuable chemicals useful as fuels or raw materials. Looking at both scientific and technical aspects of the recycling developments, this book describes the alternatives available. Areas include chemical depolymerization, thermal processes, oxidation and hydrogenation. Besides conventional treatments, new technological approaches for the degradation of plastics, such as conversion under supercritical conditions and coprocessing with coal are discussed. This book is essential reading for those involved in plastic recycling, whether from an academic or industrial perspective. Consultants and government agencies will also find it immensely useful.
Author: Vladimir Strezov
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466566167
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This book is a thoroughly up-to-date treatment of all the available technologies for biomass conversion. Each chapter looks at the viability and implementation of each technology with examples of existing equipment and plants. In addition, the text addresses the economics of biomass processing. The book could also be used as a supplementary text for senior undergraduate courses on biomass processing. Features: Provides a concise overview of all currently available biomass processing technologies Includes relatively recent technologies such as Biochar Contains numerous industry examples and case studies Covers the science and technology behind biomass processing as well as the economics, including the effect of carbon taxation
Author: G.L. Ferrero
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Author: Lars A. Kristoferson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781853390883
Category : Renewable energy sources
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
A detailed survey of the main areas of bio-energy and biomass, solar energy and hydro, wind and water power. The authors address the advantages and disadvantages of renewable energies, their appropriateness, and their socio-economic implications.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author: Wade H. Shafer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780306341205
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis· seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) *at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac· tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 20 (thesis year 1975) a total of 10,374 theses titles from 28 Canadian and 239 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. The organization of Volume 20 is identical to that of past years. It consists of theses titles arranged by discipline and by university within each discipline.
Author: Karen D. Sam
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429577036
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Analytical pyrolysis allows scientists to use routine laboratory instrumentation for analyzing complex, opaque, or insoluble samples more effectively than other analytical techniques alone. Analytical Pyrolysis Handbook, Third Edition is a practical guide to the application of pyrolysis techniques to various samples and sample types for a diversity of fields including microbiology, forensic science, industrial research, and environmental analysis. The much-anticipated third edition incorporates recent technological advances that increase the technique’s sensitivity to trace elements, improve its reproducibility, and expand its applicability. The book reviews the types of instrumentation available to perform pyrolysis and offers guidance for interfacing instruments and integrating other analytical techniques, including gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Fully updated with new sample pyrograms, figures, references, and real-world examples, this edition also highlights new areas of application including cultural materials, forensic analysis, and environmental studies. This book illustrates how the latest advances make pyrolysis a practical, cost-effective, reliable, and flexible alternative for increasingly complex sample analyses. Analytical Pyrolysis Handbook, Third Edition is an essential, one-stop guide for determining if pyrolysis meets application-specific needs as well as performing pyrolysis and handling the data obtained.
Author: John Scheirs
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 824
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Book Description
Pyrolysis is a recycling technique converting plastic waste into fuels, monomers, or other valuable materials by thermal and catalytic cracking processes. It allows the treatment of mixed, unwashed plastic wastes. For many years research has been carried out on thermally converting waste plastics into useful hydrocarbons liquids such as crude oil and diesel fuel. Recently the technology has matured to the point where commercial plants are now available. Pyrolysis recycling of mixed waste plastics into generator and transportation fuels is seen as the answer for recovering value from unwashed, mixed plastics and achieving their desired diversion from landfill. This book provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. It describes the types of plastics that are suitable for pyrolysis recycling, the mechanism of pyrolytic degradation of various plastics, characterization of the pyrolysis products and details of commercially mature pyrolysis technologies. This book also covers co-pyrolysis technology, including: waste plastic/waste oil, waste plastics/coal, and waste plastics/rubber.
