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Author: G. Burnstock
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789400958180
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
Fifty-odd years have elapsed since the first observation of the response of visceral smooth muscle to an adenine nucleotide was reported by Drury and Szent Gyorgi (1929). It is now known that purinergic receptors mediating responses to adenosine and the adenine nucleotides (AMP, ADP and ATP) are present in all types of visceral smooth muscle. Adenine itself and other endogenous purine derivatives appear to have no direct effects, or only minimal effects, on most visceral smooth muscles. Airway smooth muscle is an exception in this regard, and responds to purine bases and non-adenine nucleosides and nucleotides. Knowledge of the distribution of purinergic receptor sites on the plasma membrane of visceral musculature has grown particularly rapidly since Burnstock and his colleagues (1970) proposed that ATP, or a related adenine derivative, is the inhibitory transmitter released from non cholinergic non-adrenergic nerves present in the gut. Much evidence has been presented favoring the view that ATP is the inhibitory transmitter, and evidence to the contrary has also been put forward. The hypothesis remains controversial primarily because specific blockers of the postsynaptic purinergic site, with which the hypothesis might be tested, have not been found. Nevertheless, the numerous studies designed to investigate the purinergic nerve hypothesis have generated much information concerning the nature of the purinergic receptors in visceral smooth muscle.
Author: Robson Faria
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789845343
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 112
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Book Description
This book aims to provide a brief update on the functions of purinergic receptors in various systems, in addition to the signaling pathway activated to mediate these functions. We address the influence of hypoxia by modulating the activity of these receptors under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Additionally, we describe the mechanisms of induction of pain and inflammation in different systems. Finally, the book discusses some of the main bioinformatics tools currently used to improve or discover new prototypes capable of selectively acting on these receptors with estimated parameters of satisfactory solubility and toxicity for possible commercial implementation.
Author: Geoffrey Burnstock
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642288634
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Book Description
In the first 20 years that followed the purinergic signalling hypothesis in 1972, most scientists were sceptical about its validity, largely because ATP was so well established as an intracellular molecule involved in cell biochemistry and it seemed unlikely that such a ubiquitous molecule would act as an extracellular signalling molecule. However, after the receptors for ATP and adenosine were cloned and characterized in the early 1990s and ATP was established as a synaptic transmitter in the brain and sympathetic ganglia, the tide turned. More recently it has become clear that ATP is involved in long-term (trophic) signalling in cell proliferation, differentiation and death, in development and regeneration, as well as in short-term signalling in neurotransmission and secretion. Also, important papers have been published showing the molecular structure of P2X receptors in primitive animals like Amoeba and Schistosoma, as well as green algae. This has led to the recognition of the widespread nature of the purinergic signalling system in most cell types and to a rapid expansion of the field, including studies of the pathophysiology as well as physiology and exploration of the therapeutic potential of purinergic agents. In two books, Geoffrey Burnstock and Alexej Verkhratsky have aimed at drawing together the massive and diverse body of literature on purinergic signalling. The topic of this first book is purinergic signalling in the peripheral and central nervous systems and in the individual senses. In a second book the authors focus on purinergic signalling in non-excitable cells, including those of the airways, kidney, pancreas, endocrine glands and blood vessels. Diseases related to these systems are also considered.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123855330
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
This is an overview of the fast-moving field of purinergic signalling through adenosine and ATP receptors. - Authors are the leading authorities in their fields - Subject matter is important for understanding tissue protection - Subject matter is of intense interest for new drug development
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080585108
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477
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Book Description
Current Topics in Membranes
Author: Pablo Pelegrín
Publisher: Humana
ISBN: 9781493997190
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This volume aims to cover all major methodological aspects of research into purinergic signaling and to provide a foundation for studying them at molecular, biochemical, pharmacological, and physiological levels. Chapters guide readers through current knock-out and knock-in mouse models, in silico modeling, knock down purinoceptor expression, bioluminiscence resonance energy transfer, enzyme-based biosensors, recording P2X receptor electrophysiology, controlling P2X receptors by optogenetics, inflammasome activation, leukocyte migration, and cell adhesion. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Purinergic Signaling: Methods and Protocols will provide a sound basis for molecular, cellular, and physiological research into purinergic signaling in health and disease and will spark interest in this fascinating signaling process among researchers in many different and unrelated disciplines.
Author: Ruth Heidelberger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080920837
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 654
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Book Description
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Author: A. O'brien
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780824775483
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 552
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Book Description
This book describes the applications of receptor techniques in many different areas in addition to conventional drug and neurotransmitter binding sites. It reviews humoral modulators such as a leukotrienes, interferon, platelet-derived growth factor, and novel endogenous ligands.
Author: Lawrence Kruger
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812101
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practical
Author: Susanne Sattler
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319576135
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Cardiovascular immunology is a newly emerging research area, investigating the crosstalk between the cardiovascular and the immune system. This crosstalk is evident through (1) crucial immunological capacities and functions of cardiovascular cell types, including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and cardiac resident macrophages, (2) the impact of aberrant immune function on the development of cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis, direct and indirect immune-mediated heart disease and vasculitis, and (3) the crucial role of the immune system in cardiac repair and regeneration. The Immunology of Cardiovascular Homeostasis and Pathology covers all these aspects of cardiovascular immunology, starting with homeostatic immunological functions of traditional cardiovascular cell types, and moving then to the role of the immune system in cardiovascular pathology and to recent research into targeting the immune system to boost cardiac healing and regeneration.
Author: Jong Hoon Park
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811020418
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a highly prevalent hereditary renal disorder in which fluid-filled cysts are appeared in both kidneys. Main causative genes of ADPKD are PKD1 and PKD2, encoding for polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) respectively. Those proteins are localized on primary cilia and function as mechanosensor in response to the fluid flow, translating mechanistic stimuli into calcium signaling. With mutations either of PKD1 or PKD2, hyper-activated renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation is observed, followed by disrupted calcium homeostasis and aberrant intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. Increased cell proliferation with fluid secretion leads to the development of thousands of epithelial-lined, fluid-filled cysts in kidneys. It is also accompanied by interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and finally reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In human ADPKD, the age at which renal failure typically occurs is later in life, however no specific targeted medications are available to cure ADPKD. Recently, potential therapeutic targets or surrogate diagnostic biomarkers for ADPKD are proposed with the advances in the understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis, and some of them were attempted for clinical trials. Herein, we will summarize genetic and epi-genetic molecular mechanisms in ADPKD progression, and overview the currently available biomarkers or potential therapeutic reagents suggested.
