Propiedad intelectual y capacidades de inovación en la industria farmacéutica de Argentina, Brasil y México PDF Download
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Author: Alenka Guzmán
Publisher:
ISBN: 9786072802681
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 399
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Book Description
Author: Alenka Guzmán
Publisher:
ISBN: 9786072802681
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 399
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Carlos Augusto Conde Gutierrez
Publisher: U. Externado de Colombia
ISBN: 9587902904
Category : Law
Languages : es
Pages : 75
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Book Description
Se ha considerado que uno de los temas de más difícil tratamiento y análisis en el campo de la propiedad intelectual es la relación de esta con el sector farmacéutico, la cual ha dado motivo para que especialistas -no pocos- hayan sugerido que la protección del producto farmacéutico debería tener un tratamiento diferente, sui generis, y no explicarse a la luz de las tradicionales reglas de protección del régimen de las patentes. En efecto, son palpables las implicaciones teóricas, políticas y económicas que ha traído consigo el haberle dado el esta tus de objeto de derecho de exclusiva a las invenciones farmacéuticas, al extender el campo de protección también a este importante sector, que mueve millones de dólares en el mercado global (se dice que es el quinto después del petróleo, la tecnología, la industria automotriz y la venta de armas) y tiene gran incidencia en el PIB nacional de países industrializados que han hecho de la innovación no un mero recurso retórico, sino una verdadera política pública asociada con el crecimiento económico de sus países y el bienestar de sus nacionales. La discusión ha sido prolija y apasionada, a tal punto que ha dividido al mundo y ha hecho eco en el mismo seno de países en vías de desarrollo, donde se discute acerbamente si hay que ceder a las invenciones de las multinacionales farmacéuticas para tener acceso a los mercados de países ricos en el contexto de un comercio internacional voraz, asimétrico y competido.
Author: Kenneth C. Shadlen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191612278
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
Coalitions and Compliance examines how international changes can reconfigure domestic politics. Since the late 1980s, developing countries have been subject to intense pressures regarding intellectual property rights. These pressures have been exceptionally controversial in the area of pharmaceuticals. Historically, fearing the economic and social costs of providing private property rights over knowledge, developing countries did not allow drugs to be patented. Now they must do so, an obligation with significant implications for industrial development and public health. This book analyses different forms of compliance with this new imperative in Latin America, comparing the politics of pharmaceutical patenting in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Coalitions and Compliance focuses on two periods of patent politics: initial conflicts over how to introduce drug patents, and then subsequent conflicts over how these new patent systems function. In contrast to explanations of national policy choice based on external pressures, domestic institutions, or Presidents' ideological orientations, this book attributes cross-national and longitudinal variation to the ways that changing social structures constrain or enable political leaders' strategies to construct and sustain supportive coalitions. The analysis begins with assessment of the relative resources and capabilities of the transnational and national pharmaceutical sectors, and these rival actors' efforts to attract allies. Emphasis is placed on two ways that social structures are transformed so as to affect coalition-building possibilities: how exporters fearing the loss of preferential market access may be converted into allies of transnational drug firms, and differential patterns of adjustment among state and societal actors that are inspired by the introduction of new policies. It is within the changing structural conditions produced by these two processes that political leaders build coalitions in support of different forms of compliance.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
This edition of the World Bank has been revised and expanded by the Terminology Unit in the Languages Services Division of the World Bank in collaboration with the English, Spanish, and French Translation Sections. The Glossary is intended to assist the Bank's translators and interpreters, other Bank staff using French and Spanish in their work, and free-lance translator's and interpreters employed by the Bank. For this reason, the Glossary contains not only financial and economic terminology and terms relating to the Bank's procedures and practices, but also terms that frequently occur in Bank documents, and others for which the Bank has a preferred equivalent. Although many of these terms, relating to such fields as agriculture, education, energy, housing, law, technology, and transportation, could be found in other sources, they have been assembled here for ease of reference. A list of acronyms occurring frequently in Bank texts (the terms to which they refer being found in the Glossary) and a list of international, regional, and national organizations will be found at the end of the Glossary.
Author: Mario Cimoli
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136547169
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Mexico provides a case study of a cornerstone economy in the development of the hemospheric free trade zone in the Americas, an adjusting economy which has been integrated into uneven economies (Canada and the US). This volume examines the Mexican economy and its attempt to develop an innovation system, providing an example of the dynamics that are of concern to evolutionary economists.
Author: Guillermo Floris Margadant S.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Author: Jerome P. Kassirer M.D.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198039298
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 272
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Book Description
We all know that doctors accept gifts from drug companies, ranging from pens and coffee mugs to free vacations at luxurious resorts. But as the former Editor-in-Chief of The New England Journal of Medicine reveals in this shocking expose, these innocuous-seeming gifts are just the tip of an iceberg that is distorting the practice of medicine and jeopardizing the health of millions of Americans today. In On the Take, Dr. Jerome Kassirer offers an unsettling look at the pervasive payoffs that physicians take from big drug companies and other medical suppliers, arguing that the billion-dollar onslaught of industry money has deflected many physicians' moral compasses and directly impacted the everyday care we receive from the doctors and institutions we trust most. Underscored by countless chilling untold stories, the book illuminates the financial connections between the wealthy companies that make drugs and the doctors who prescribe them. Kassirer details the shocking extent of these financial enticements and explains how they encourage bias, promote dangerously misleading medical information, raise the cost of medical care, and breed distrust. Among the questionable practices he describes are: the disturbing number of senior academic physicians who have financial arrangements with drug companies; the unregulated "front" organizations that advocate certain drugs; the creation of biased medical education materials by the drug companies themselves; and the use of financially conflicted physicians to write clinical practice guidelines or to testify before the FDA in support of a particular drug. A brilliant diagnosis of an epidemic of greed, On the Take offers insight into how we can cure the medical profession and restore our trust in doctors and hospitals.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher: FAO
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
This publication deals with key issues in land tenure, especially as they relate to food insecurity and rural development situations. Land tenure issues are frequently ignored in rural development interventions, with often long-lasting, negative results. This guide is designed to assist technical officers in governments and civil society in understanding why and how land tenure issues should be considered in rural development projects. It analyses important contexts such as environmental degradation, gender discrimination, and conflicts, where land tenure is currently of critical concern.
Author: World Bank Group
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464811857
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The Global Investment Competitiveness report presents new insights and evidence on drivers of foreign direct investment (FDI) in developing countries, and FDI’s role in development. The report’s survey of 750 executives of multinational corporations finds that a business-friendly legal and regulatory environment is a key driver of investment decisions in developing countries, along with political stability, security, and macroeconomic conditions. The report’s topic-specific chapters explore the potential of FDI to create new growth opportunities for local firms, assess the power of tax holidays and other fiscal incentives to attract FDI, analyze characteristics of FDI originating in developing countries, and examine the experience of foreign investors in countries affected by conflict and fragility. Three key features of this Global Investment Competitiveness report distinguish it from other publications on FDI. First, its insights are based on a combination of first-hand perspectives of investors, extensive analysis of available data and evidence, and international good practices in investment policy design and implementation. Secondly, rather than exploring broad FDI trends, the report provides detailed and unique analysis of FDI depending on its motivation, sector, geographic origin and destination, and phase of investment. Thirdly, the report offers practical and actionable recommendations to policymakers in developing countries wishing to reform their business climates for increased investment competitiveness. As such, the report is meant to complement other knowledge products of the World Bank Group focused even more explicitly on country-level data, detailed reform diagnostics, and presentation of best practices. We are confident this report will bring value and fresh perspectives to a variety of audiences. To governments and policymakers, including investment promotion professionals, the report offers direct insights into the role of government policies and actions in investors’ decision-making. To foreign investors and site location consultants, the report provides information on FDI trends and drivers across sectors and geographies. For academic audiences, the new datasets on investment incentives and FDI motivations enables opportunities for additional research and analysis. Lastly, for development assistance providers and other stakeholders, the report highlights key approaches for maximizing FDI’s benefits for development.
Author: Susan E. Cozzens
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400920911
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
On a mountainside in sunny Tuscany, in October 1989, 96 people from 23 countries on five continents gathered to learn and teach about the problems of managing contemporary science. The diversity of economic and political systems represented in the group was matched by our occupations, which stretched from science policy practitioners, through research scientists and engineers, through academic observers of science and science policy. It was this diversity, along with the opportunities for infonnal discussion provided by long meals and remote location, that made the conference a special learning experience. Except at lecture time, it was impossible to distinguish the "students" at this event from the "teachers," and even the most senior members of the teaching staff went away with a sense that they had learned more from this group than from many a standard conference on science policy they had attended. The flavor of the conference experience cannot be captured adequately in a proceedings volume, and so we have not tried to create a historical record in this book. Instead, we have attempted to illustrate the core problems the panicipants at the conference shared, discussed, and debated, using both lectures delivered by the fonnal teaching staff and summaries of panel discussions, which extended to other panicipants and therefore increased the range of experiences reponed.
