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Author: Rafael Rofman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464808457
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
The population of Uruguay is undergoing a slow but sustained aging process, driven by the demographic transition that started early in the twentieth century. While this reflects significant improvements in mortality and fertility trends, it also creates important challenges for the fiscal sustainability of some social policies and the economic trends in the medium and long term. Uruguay is currently going through the “demographic bond†? stage of this process, as the proportion of the population aged between 15 and 65 years old is peaking. This temporary situation creates the possibility of increasing the endowment of capital and labor force and entering a path of sustained economic growth. For this to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, to increase the productivity of the economy and sustain per capita GDP growth. This book studies the opportunities and challenges that the demographic transition poses for Uruguay ́s economy. Once the demographic bond has passed, population aging will have a significant impact on fiscal accounts, especially in social protection expenditures. This represent a serious policy challenge, demanding reforms to adapt the institutions and systems to a new demographic context. The main challenge for Uruguay in the next few decades will be to maintain a solid economic growth path in the context of a diminishing working-age population. This will require that labor force participation rates increase, particularly among women and older citizen, but also that those in the labor market increase their productivity. This will be achieved only through sustained growth of capital per worker ratio and the incorporation of innovations and technological developments that facilitate increased production of goods and services for the entire population.
Author: Rafael Rofman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464808457
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 396
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Book Description
The population of Uruguay is undergoing a slow but sustained aging process, driven by the demographic transition that started early in the twentieth century. While this reflects significant improvements in mortality and fertility trends, it also creates important challenges for the fiscal sustainability of some social policies and the economic trends in the medium and long term. Uruguay is currently going through the “demographic bond†? stage of this process, as the proportion of the population aged between 15 and 65 years old is peaking. This temporary situation creates the possibility of increasing the endowment of capital and labor force and entering a path of sustained economic growth. For this to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, to increase the productivity of the economy and sustain per capita GDP growth. This book studies the opportunities and challenges that the demographic transition poses for Uruguay ́s economy. Once the demographic bond has passed, population aging will have a significant impact on fiscal accounts, especially in social protection expenditures. This represent a serious policy challenge, demanding reforms to adapt the institutions and systems to a new demographic context. The main challenge for Uruguay in the next few decades will be to maintain a solid economic growth path in the context of a diminishing working-age population. This will require that labor force participation rates increase, particularly among women and older citizen, but also that those in the labor market increase their productivity. This will be achieved only through sustained growth of capital per worker ratio and the incorporation of innovations and technological developments that facilitate increased production of goods and services for the entire population.
Author: Shahra Razavi
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118297288
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Contributors analyze the care economy in the developing world, at a moment when existing systems are under strain and new ideas are coming into focus. Offers the first global, regionally diverse study of the “invisible economy” of care, including case studies from diverse regional contexts of Africa, Asia and Latin America Frames the debate on care and highlights policy experimentation and ideas currently in flux Includes new research and data on developing countries, showing how, where care options for the socially disadvantaged are limited, failing to socialize the costs of care exacerbates existing inequalities Comes at a moment when, if not yet marked by a generalized care crisis, the world’s existing systems are under strain and in need of rethinking Features introductory chapters that set out the conceptual framework and findings on individual country studies, and a concluding chapter that draws out the transnational dimensions of care
Author: Markus Frölich
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199685231
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 545
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Book Description
This book reviews labor market and tax policies to improve social protection policies in middle income countries, mostly Latin America and Asia. It reviews existing labor market distortions in these countries and analyzes various policy options to help reduce distorted incentives.
Author: Cecilia Osorio Gonnet
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030510085
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
This book offers readers a deeper understanding of the diffusion process of the Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs in Latin America and the role played by experts and international organizations. CCTs have been increasingly implemented around the world in recent decades, and by 2010, 17 countries in Latin America had adopted them. The evidence suggests that this concentration is due to a process of policy diffusion. International organizations contribute to this process; however, the book’s main argument is that there was another, more important actor involved: a regional epistemic community that increased the availability of information about CCTs and reinforced their legitimacy, playing a role in the domestic processes of formulation and adoption. This book addresses the diffusion of the programs throughout the region; diffusion mechanisms that can help us understand the programs’ adoption (emulation, learning and coercion); and the impacts of key actors on the process (epistemic community, international organizations and policymakers).
Author: Sakiko Fukuda-Parr
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317519183
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Economic and financial crises have become perennial features of today’s global economy. Macroeconomic theories of crisis, including the global crisis that unfolded in 2008, emphasize the role of financial deregulation; capital flow imbalances; and growing debt, fueled by income and wealth inequality. These approaches tend to be divorced from feminist thinking which analyzes broader distributional dynamics transmitted through structural channels and government policy responses, with an emphasis on gender, race, class and ethnicity. This volume brings together innovative thinking from heterodox macroeconomists and feminist economists to explore the causes, consequences, and ramifications of economic crises. By doing so, it highlights aspects of the economy that are frequently overlooked or ignored, such as the impact of crises on the vast amount of unpaid work which women perform relative to men.? The collection of international studies assembled here takes an innovative approach to analyzing a range of issues, from the subprime mortgage crisis to the gendered effects of austerity to the role of the International Monetary Fund in governing an unstable global economy. In so doing, it looks beyond causes and consequences and points to new directions for macroeconomic and financial policy. This book was originally published as a special issue of Feminist Economics.
Author: Rodrigo Arim
Publisher: UN
ISBN: 9789213232392
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
Languages : es
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Este documento presenta un análisis de los programas sociales y de transferencia de ingresos implementados en Uruguay desde inicios de la década de 2000. Este análisis se propuso identificar a los grupos de la población no cubiertos por las nuevas iniciativas incluidas en el Plan de Equidad Social que comenzó a implementarse a inicios de 2008 y estudiarlos.
Author: United Nations
Publisher: UN
ISBN: 9789211217117
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
The publication of the sixty-first edition of the Economic Survey of Latin America and the Caribbean, corresponding to 2008-2009, comes at a critical point in the economic development of the Latin American and Caribbean region. A growth phase that the region's recent history cannot equal in nature and duration has come to an end and output is contracting. The first part of this edition looks at the channels through which the crisis is affecting the economies of the region and its impact on variables such as economic growth, employment and external-sector indicators. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the countries and concludes with a discussion of the outlook for the second half of the year. The second part discusses policies for creating quality jobs, including challenges and opportunities for labor institutions and labor markets, labor-market policies for youth and women. This CD-ROM also contains the electronic versions of the printed publication. The statistical information presented in this publication reflects the data available up to 30 June 2009
Author: Elena Ianchovichina
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464820902
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 372
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Book Description
En La evolución geográfica de la productividad y el empleo: Ideas para lograr un crecimiento inclusivo a través de una perspectiva territorial en América Latina y el Caribe se utiliza una perspectiva territorial para comprender las tasas de crecimiento económico persistentemente bajas de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Utilizando nuevos datos y métodos, se muestra que la desindustrialización, la distancia y las divisiones son factores interrelacionados que explican la paradoja de la productividad urbana en ALC, a saber: las ciudades densamente pobladas deberían estar entre las más productivas del mundo, pero no lo están. Las ciudades de ALC se han visto frenadas por la falta de dinamismo, la mala conectividad y las divisiones en barrios pobres y prósperos desconectados. A causa de la desindustrialización, el empleo urbano se ha desplazado, especialmente en las ciudades más grandes de la región, de las manufacturas a actividades no comercializables menos dinámicas y de baja productividad, como el comercio minorista y los servicios personales y de otra índole, que se benefician menos con la aglomeración, sobre todo en ciudades muy congestionadas. Si bien el empleo en el sector de los servicios comercializables urbanos ha aumentado, el alza ha sido lo suficientemente firme como para compensar la disminución del empleo en el sector manufacturero. Al mismo tiempo, los problemas de conectividad interurbana han menoscabado el desempeño de la red de ciudades de la región, dado que restringen el acceso a los mercados y la capacidad de las empresas para beneficiarse de la especialización reubicándose en ciudades más pequeñas. Dentro de las ciudades, la conectividad deficiente y la segregación del mercado laboral residencial han limitado los beneficios de la aglomeración a los vecindarios de los distritos comerciales centrales donde operan las empresas formales. La informalidad ha persistido en los barrios de bajos ingresos, cuyos habitantes enfrentan múltiples privaciones. En cambio, muchas zonas agrícolas y mineras se han beneficiado con la fuerte demanda de productos básicos por parte de China y otras economías de rápido crecimiento, particularmente durante la década dorada (2003-13), lo que llevó a una disminución de la desigualdad territorial en la mayoría de los países de la región. Se concluye que, para fomentar el crecimiento inclusivo, los países deben transformar más eficientemente la riqueza natural en capital humano, infraestructura e instituciones, y mejorar la competitividad de la economía urbana. En tal sentido, se esbozan los contornos de dicha strategia de desarrollo, identificando las prioridades en materia de políticas a nivel nacional, regional y local.
Author: Simone Cecchini
Publisher: UN
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 478
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Book Description
This book reflects on the public policies, programmes and regulatory frameworks that are taking a rights-based approach to expanding social protection coverage and benefits in Latin America, with a view to achieving universal coverage. Its discussion of the policy tools and programmes pursued in the region aims to provide the reader with technical and programmatic insights for assembling and coordinating public policies within consistent and sustainable social protection systems. The combination of normative orientations and stock of technical knowledge, together with advances regarding the rights-based approach to social protection within a life cycle framework, afford the reader not only a tool box of specific social protection instruments, but also an in-depth examination of related political economy aspects.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Latin America
Languages : es
Pages : 760
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Book Description
