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Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) systematic review process is the basis of many of its products, enabling the WWC to use consistent, objective, and transparent standards and procedures in its reviews, while also ensuring comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The WWC systematic review process consists of five steps: (1) Developing the review protocol; (2) Identifying relevant literature; (3) Screening studies; (4) Reviewing studies; and (5) Reporting on findings. A separate "What Works Clearinghouse Standards Handbook" (ED577036) describes Step 4, including the standards used by the WWC to review studies and assign one of the following three study ratings indicating the credibility of evidence from the study: "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations," "Meets WWC Design Standards With Reservations," or "Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards." Taken together, these two documents replace the single document used since March 2014, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." Figure I.1 shows how the steps of the WWC systematic review process are divided between the two Handbooks. In general, this new "Procedures Handbook" contains the same procedures that were included in the "Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." However, in addition to changes to the organization, the following substantive updates were made: (1) The "Handbook" includes additional information that can be specified in review protocols. This additional information may be needed because of updates to the "WWC Standards Handbook" or to take into account methodological considerations that may vary by topic area; (2) The "Handbook" includes additional clarification of procedures. The additional clarification of the procedures is intended to support consistency across reviews, and includes new discussion of how the WWC defines studies and conducts its correction for multiple comparisons within studies; (3) The "Handbook" includes updated formulas for calculating statistical significance of findings. The formula for continuous outcomes includes a new small sample size adjustment, and a separate formula is provided for dichotomous outcomes; and (4) The "Handbook" includes procedures for reporting findings from randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects. A new appendix describes how the WWC reports findings and statistical significance from studies with complier average causal effect estimates to examine the effects of intervention participation rather than intervention assignment. The remainder of the document is organized as follows: Chapter II describes the steps that the WWC uses to develop a review protocol. Chapter III describes how the WWC identifies the relevant literature. Chapter IV describes the screening process to determine if a study is eligible for review, and Chapter V describes the procedures used to review eligible studies. Chapter VI describes how the WWC summarizes evidence of effectiveness. Organizational procedures used by the WWC to ensure an independent, systematic, and objective review are described in the appendices. As the WWC uses and applies the procedures in this "Procedures Handbook," reviewers may occasionally need additional guidance. If necessary, the WWC will produce guidance documents for reviewers to provide clarification and interpretation of procedures and support consistency across reviews. This WWC reviewer guidance will clarify how these procedures should be implemented in situations where the current "Procedures Handbook" is not sufficiently specific to ensure consistent reviews. As the WWC continues to refine and develop procedures, the "Procedures Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. [See ED544775 to review the previous version of this guide. ].
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Get Book Here
Book Description
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) systematic review process is the basis of many of its products, enabling the WWC to use consistent, objective, and transparent standards and procedures in its reviews, while also ensuring comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The WWC systematic review process consists of five steps: (1) Developing the review protocol; (2) Identifying relevant literature; (3) Screening studies; (4) Reviewing studies; and (5) Reporting on findings. A separate "What Works Clearinghouse Standards Handbook" (ED577036) describes Step 4, including the standards used by the WWC to review studies and assign one of the following three study ratings indicating the credibility of evidence from the study: "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations," "Meets WWC Design Standards With Reservations," or "Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards." Taken together, these two documents replace the single document used since March 2014, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." Figure I.1 shows how the steps of the WWC systematic review process are divided between the two Handbooks. In general, this new "Procedures Handbook" contains the same procedures that were included in the "Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." However, in addition to changes to the organization, the following substantive updates were made: (1) The "Handbook" includes additional information that can be specified in review protocols. This additional information may be needed because of updates to the "WWC Standards Handbook" or to take into account methodological considerations that may vary by topic area; (2) The "Handbook" includes additional clarification of procedures. The additional clarification of the procedures is intended to support consistency across reviews, and includes new discussion of how the WWC defines studies and conducts its correction for multiple comparisons within studies; (3) The "Handbook" includes updated formulas for calculating statistical significance of findings. The formula for continuous outcomes includes a new small sample size adjustment, and a separate formula is provided for dichotomous outcomes; and (4) The "Handbook" includes procedures for reporting findings from randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects. A new appendix describes how the WWC reports findings and statistical significance from studies with complier average causal effect estimates to examine the effects of intervention participation rather than intervention assignment. The remainder of the document is organized as follows: Chapter II describes the steps that the WWC uses to develop a review protocol. Chapter III describes how the WWC identifies the relevant literature. Chapter IV describes the screening process to determine if a study is eligible for review, and Chapter V describes the procedures used to review eligible studies. Chapter VI describes how the WWC summarizes evidence of effectiveness. Organizational procedures used by the WWC to ensure an independent, systematic, and objective review are described in the appendices. As the WWC uses and applies the procedures in this "Procedures Handbook," reviewers may occasionally need additional guidance. If necessary, the WWC will produce guidance documents for reviewers to provide clarification and interpretation of procedures and support consistency across reviews. This WWC reviewer guidance will clarify how these procedures should be implemented in situations where the current "Procedures Handbook" is not sufficiently specific to ensure consistent reviews. As the WWC continues to refine and develop procedures, the "Procedures Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. [See ED544775 to review the previous version of this guide. ].
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) systematic review process is the basis of many of its products, enabling the WWC to use consistent, objective, and transparent standards and procedures in its reviews, while also ensuring comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The WWC systematic review process consists of five steps: (1) Developing the review protocol; (2) Identifying relevant literature; (3) Screening studies; (4) Reviewing studies; and (5) Reporting on findings. This "What Works Clearinghouse Standards Handbook (Version 4.0)" provides a detailed description of the standards used by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) to review studies (Step 4 above). Steps 1-3 and Step 5 are described in a separate "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures Handbook" (ED577035). Taken together, these two documents replace the single document used since March 2014, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)." Figure I.1 shows how the steps of the WWC systematic review process are divided between the two Handbooks. This "Standards Handbook" provides a detailed description of the standards used by the WWC when reviewing studies that have met eligibility screens, including using one of the following eligible designs: randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental design, regression discontinuity design, and single-case design. Studies that use other designs are not reviewed by the WWC. The WWC refers to randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs collectively as group design studies. Studies reviewed against WWC standards receive one of the following three study ratings indicating the credibility of evidence from the study: "Meets WWC Design Standards Without Reservations, Meets WWC Design Standards With Reservations", or "Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards." The substantive differences between this version of the standards (4.0) and the previous version (3.0) include the following: (1) The regression discontinuity design standards have been revised; (2) The standards for cluster-level assignment studies have been revised; (3) The standards for studies with missing data have been revised; (4) The "Standards Handbook" includes standards for randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects; (5) Additional methods of statistical adjustment can be used to satisfy the baseline equivalence requirement; and (6) The handbook includes additional clarification of existing standards. The remainder of the document is organized as follows. Chapter II provides standards for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. This chapter also provides additional standards for randomized controlled trials that present complier average causal effects (with supplemental technical detail in Appendix D). Chapter III provides standards for studies that use regression discontinuity designs. Chapter IV provides information on outcome eligibility and confounding factors that applies broadly across designs. As the WWC uses and applies the standards in this "Standards Handbook", reviewers may occasionally need additional guidance. If necessary, the WWC will produce guidance documents for reviewers that provide clarification and interpretation of standards and support consistency across reviews. This WWC reviewer guidance will clarify how these standards should be implemented in situations where the current "Standards Handbook" is not sufficiently specific to ensure consistent reviews. As the WWC continues to refine and develop standards, the "Standards Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. [To view the previous version of this report, see ED544775.].
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
This "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook (Version 3.0)" provides a detailed description of the standards and procedures of the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC). The remaining chapters of this Handbook are organized to take the reader through the basic steps that the WWC uses to develop a review protocol, identify the relevant literature, assess research quality, and summarize evidence of effectiveness. Organizational procedures used by the WWC to ensure an independent, systematic, and objective review are described in the appendices. Table I.1 provides a summary of the remaining chapters and associated appendices. The main differences between this version of the procedures and standards and the previous version (Version 2.1) are in clarity, detail, and scope. The organization of the Handbook, as well as all text, was reviewed and modified to support clarity; additionally, examples have been added throughout. There is more detail on the specific procedures and standards used by the WWC, including how to deal with missing data, random assignment probabilities, and cluster-level designs. Finally, whereas the previous version focused almost exclusively on intervention reports, this version provides information on other key WWC products, which include practice guides, single study reviews, and quick reviews. As the WWC continues to refine processes, develop new standards, and create new products, the "What Works Clearinghouse Procedures and Standards Handbook" will be revised to reflect these changes. Appended are: (1) Staffing, Reviewer Certification, and Quality Assurance; (2) Policies for Searching and Prioritizing Studies for Review; (3) The WWC Study Review Process; (4) Pilot Regression Discontinuity Design Standards; (5) Pilot Single-Case Design Standards; (6) Magnitude of Findings for Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Experimental Designs; and (7) Statistical Significance for Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi Experimental Designs. [See ED503772 to view previous version of this guide.].
Author: Institute of Education Sciences (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
This handbook describes the structure and processes that the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) uses for its reviews, presenting in one place all the standards the WWC currently uses to assess research. The handbook will be revised as new standards are developed and major new features are finalized. A distinguishing feature of the WWC is that it does not directly assess programs, policies, or practices, but reviews and reports on the findings from existing research that meets particular standards. The handbook details the components of the review process, including defining the topic area, identifying all potential research papers that fit the topic area, screening in the eligible papers, defining and prioritizing interventions within the topic area, reviewing the studies of the intervention, producing intervention reports, and proceeding through several rounds of quality assurance before finalizing reports. Review topic areas are identified through a collaborative process combining input from policymakers, researchers, and experts in the field. The topic areas are organized around key student outcomes, with special attention given to academic outcomes, though topic areas might also be organized around non-academic outcomes. Topic areas currently under review include Beginning Reading, Dropout Prevention, Early Childhood Education, Elementary School Math, English Language Learners, and Middle School Math. Seven appendices are included: (1) Assessing Attrition Areas; (2) Effect Size Computations; (3) Clustering Correction of the Statistical Significance of Effects Estimated with Mismatched Analysis; (4) Benjamini-Hochberg Correction of the Statistical Significance of Effects Estimated with Multiple Comparisons; (5) Intervention Rating Scheme; (6) Computation of the Improvement Index; and (7) Extent of Evidence Categorization. An index is included. (Contains 14 footnotes, 1 figure and 4 tables.).
Author: Rebecca Zumeta Edmonds
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462539351
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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Book Description
Few evidence-based resources exist for supporting elementary and secondary students who require intensive intervention--typically Tier 3 within a multi-tiered system of support (MTSS). Filling a gap in the field, this book brings together leading experts to present data-based individualization (DBI), a systematic approach to providing intensive intervention which is applicable to reading, math, and behavior. Key components of the DBI process are explained in detail, including screening, progress monitoring, and the use and ongoing adaptation of validated interventions. The book also addresses ways to ensure successful, sustained implementation and provides application exercises and FAQs. Readers are guided to access and utilize numerous free online DBI resources--tool charts, planning materials, sample activities, downloadable forms, and more.
Author: Melody Tankersley
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1802627391
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Book Description
The chapters in this volume cover a broad range of topics that address issues surrounding the identification of students who need the most intensive intervention, intensive intervention features and delivery considerations, behavioral interventions, academic interventions, and preservice teacher preparation.
Author: Ng, Veronica Foong Peng
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1668451204
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 448
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Book Description
Ensuring current and future architecture is both successfully and sustainably produced is critical for cities and communities to not only survive but thrive. Additionally, improving built environment practices is necessary to protect the world as well as its various populations. Further study on the current challenges and future directions of sustainable architecture is required in order to create a stronger, healthier society. The Handbook of Research on Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities in Sustainable Architecture discusses the role of architecture and the built environment on communities, ecology, and society; relevant issues related to the production of sustainable built environments; and the socio-cultural integration aspects of innovative architectural designs in urban settings. The book also addresses heritage practices, responses to climate action, and technology applications. Covering key topics such as energy efficiency, urban green spaces, and sustainable solutions, this reference work is ideal for policymakers, architects, industry professionals, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.
Author: James M. Kauffman
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113686962X
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 807
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Book Description
Special education is now an established part of public education in the United States—by law and by custom. However, it is still widely misunderstood and continues to be dogged by controversies related to such things as categorization, grouping, assessment, placement, funding, instruction, and a variety of legal issues. The purpose of this 13-part, 57-chapter handbook is to help profile and bring greater clarity to this sprawling and growing field. To ensure consistency across the volume, chapter authors review and integrate existing research, identify strengths and weaknesses, note gaps in the literature, and discuss implications for practice and future research. Key features include: Comprehensive Coverage—Fifty-seven chapters cover all aspects of special education in the United States including cultural and international comparisons. Issues & Trends—In addition to synthesizing empirical findings and providing a critical analysis of the status and direction of current research, chapter authors discuss issues related to practice and reflect on trends in thinking. Categorical Chapters—In order to provide a comprehensive and comparative treatment of the twelve categorical chapters in section IV, chapter authors were asked to follow a consistent outline: Definition, Causal Factors, Identification, Behavioral Characteristics, Assessment, Educational Programming, and Trends and Issues. Expertise—Edited by two of the most accomplished scholars in special education, chapter authors include a carefully chosen mixture of established and rising young stars in the field. This book is an appropriate reference volume for anyone (researchers, scholars, graduate students, practitioners, policy makers, and parents) interested in the state of special education today: its research base, current issues and practices, and future trends. It is also appropriate as a textbook for graduate level courses in special education.
Author: Nirbhay N. Singh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319265830
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1005
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Book Description
This handbook presents a diverse range of effective treatment approaches for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Its triple focus on key concepts, treatment and training modalities, and evidence-based interventions for challenging behaviors of individuals with IDD provides a solid foundation for effective treatment strategies, theory-to-implementation issues, and the philosophical and moral aspects of care. Expert contributions advocate for changes in treating individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities by emphasizing caregiver support as well as respecting and encouraging client autonomy, self-determination, and choice. With its quality-of-life approach, the handbook details practices that are person-centered and supportive as well as therapeutically sound. Topics featured in the handbook include: Functional and preference assessments for clinical decision making. Treatment modalities from cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy to mindfulness, telehealth, and assistive technologies. Self-determination and choice as well as community living skills. Quality-of-life issues for individuals with IDD. Early intensive behavior interventions for autism spectrum disorder. Skills training for parents of children with IDD as well as staff training in positive behavior support. Evidence-based interventions for a wide range of challenging behaviors and issues. The Handbook of Evidence-Based Practices in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in clinical psychology, social work, behavior therapy, and rehabilitation.
