Prediction of Forces and Moments for Flight Vehicle Control Effectors. Part 2: an Analysis of Delta Wing Aerodynamic Control Effectiveness in Ground Effect PDF Download
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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781731247322
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
Many types of hypersonic aircraft configurations are currently being studied for feasibility of future development. Since the control of the hypersonic configurations throughout the speed range has a major impact on acceptable designs, it must be considered in the conceptual design stage. Here, an investigation of the aerodynamic control effectiveness of highly swept delta planforms operating in ground effect is presented. A vortex-lattice computer program incorporating a free wake is developed as a tool to calculate aerodynamic stability and control derivatives. Data generated using this program are compared to experimental data and to data from other vortex-lattice programs. Results show that an elevon deflection produces greater increments in C sub L and C sub M in ground effect than the same deflection produces out of ground effect and that the free wake is indeed necessary for good predictions near the ground. Maughmer, Mark D. and Ozoroski, L. and Ozoroski, T. and Straussfogel, D. Unspecified Center AERODYNAMIC STABILITY; AERODYNAMICS; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; CONTROL EQUIPMENT; DELTA WINGS; GROUND EFFECT (AERODYNAMICS); HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT; PLANFORMS; AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS; CONTROLLABILITY; DEFLECTION; DERIVATION; ELEVONS; WAKES...
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781731247322
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 115
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Book Description
Many types of hypersonic aircraft configurations are currently being studied for feasibility of future development. Since the control of the hypersonic configurations throughout the speed range has a major impact on acceptable designs, it must be considered in the conceptual design stage. Here, an investigation of the aerodynamic control effectiveness of highly swept delta planforms operating in ground effect is presented. A vortex-lattice computer program incorporating a free wake is developed as a tool to calculate aerodynamic stability and control derivatives. Data generated using this program are compared to experimental data and to data from other vortex-lattice programs. Results show that an elevon deflection produces greater increments in C sub L and C sub M in ground effect than the same deflection produces out of ground effect and that the free wake is indeed necessary for good predictions near the ground. Maughmer, Mark D. and Ozoroski, L. and Ozoroski, T. and Straussfogel, D. Unspecified Center AERODYNAMIC STABILITY; AERODYNAMICS; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; CONTROL EQUIPMENT; DELTA WINGS; GROUND EFFECT (AERODYNAMICS); HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT; PLANFORMS; AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATIONS; CONTROLLABILITY; DEFLECTION; DERIVATION; ELEVONS; WAKES...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 996
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ISBN:
Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1608
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Author: C. Thomas Snyder
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ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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The influence of ground effect on the landing flare characteristics of a supersonic transport airplane (SST) was investigated in a fixed cockpit simulator. Simulations of an ogee-modified delta-wing F5D-1 airplane and a subsonic jet transport were used for evaluating the simulator and as a reference configurations during landing comparisons. Dynamic responses of the SST to seven different ground-effect models during controls-fixed and constant-attitude descents are also presented, followed by piloted subjective assessments. A summary of ground effects on delta-like wings is included in the appendixes.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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A selection of annotated references to unclassified reports and journal articles that were introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system and announced in Scientific and technical aerospace reports (STAR) and International aerospace abstracts (IAA).
Author: Gregory A. Addington
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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A static wind tunnel test of the Innovative Controls Effectors (ICE 101) conceptual aircraft configuration was conducted in the Air Force Research Laboratory's Vertical Wind Tunnel. This entry characterized the increments to the aerodynamic loading provided by the various control surfaces while using a more finely-resolved test matrix in angle of attack and sideslip than typically seen in wind tunnel testing. The purpose for obtaining these data was to determine the effect which control surface deflection had on critical state locations in preparation for the test of a second ICE model built with remotely- actuated control surfaces. (Critical states are discrete flight mechanical states where the aerodynamic response looses its analytic dependence on one or more state variables.) These data demonstrate that the aerodynamic increments are in many cases at minimum nonlinear functions of the surface deflection angle, and strongly suggest that some critical states do shift in angle of attack and/or sideslip with changing deflection angle.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Author: David Huitema
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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"Wing-in-ground effect craft utilize the lift augmentation and drag reduction experienced by aircraft flying in close proximity to the ground. Several designs use a reverse delta wing with anhedral tips due to improved stability in ground effect, despite the inferior lift generation of this planform limiting its widespread adoption. Also, archived research into reverse delta wings is limited, especially in ground effect. The aerodynamic forces generated by a slender and non-slender reverse delta wing in ground effect was experimentally investigated using force balance measurements in an open return wind tunnel. The impact of anhedral, rear planform cropping and passive control via Gurney flaplike strips was investigated.The results demonstrate that the impact of ground effect on the reverse delta wing was greatest at low angles of attack and ground clearances. Increased lift is in part a result of increased static pressure on the lower surface. Anhedral further increased lift, suggesting the stagnation of high momentum flow beneath the wing resulting in an "air tunnel" like effect and resulting in significant lift increases at low ground clearances and high anhedral angles. The relation between the lift and drag increments in ground effect was found to be approximately linear, with marginal improvement in the lift-to-drag ratio. In the freestream, employment of side-edge strips shifted the lift-curve leftward (induced camber-like effect), resulting from reduced crossflow leakage and increased windward surface pressure. Equipping these strips in ground effect significantly augmented lift with increasing strip height. An increasingly adverse pressure gradient and extension of the side-edge strip beyond the boundary layer led to increased drag with strip height. Rear planform cropping in freestream conditions had a benign impact on aerodynamic forces, while in ground effect increased lift and drag from greater ground proximity, with increased drag suggesting an enhanced disruption of the spanwise vortex filaments. The optimum configuration was found to be a 30% cropped reverse delta wing with 15-degree anhedral, equipped with side-edge strips with height of 4% of the root chord, resulting in significant lift and aerodynamic efficiency improvements alongside weight loss from the cropping. The above findings generally agreed with the results for the non-slender models, with greater force magnitudes observed for the non-slender case. A non-zero lift coefficient was observed at zero incidence for the non-slender wing in ground effect. Further study is required to elucidate the flow mechanisms.The results presented here are first of a kind for a reverse delta wing in ground effect, demonstrating that lift augmentation may be achieved on reverse delta wings operating in ground effect through the utilization of passive control. These results provide benchmark data for further studies on reverse delta wings in and out of ground effect." --
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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