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Author: Michael Mark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Over the last couple of years, Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) based on microelectrode arrays have been shown to have the potential to substantially improve the quality of life for people suffering from debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injuries or limb loss. One of the most critical parts of a BMI system is the neural sensor. It is ideally implanted underneath the skull, reads out neural signals from the brain and transmits them wirelessly to a receiver outside the skull. The requirements on the electronics of such a sensor are extremely stringent, especially with respect to size and power consumption. Ideally, the overall size of the implanted sensor node is limited by the size of the sensor itself, rather than the electronics and the power source. This work investigates powering options for implants of sizes ranging from 10 mm by 10 mm down to 1 mm by 1 mm. Wireless power transfer is identified as the most promising option of doing so and is investigated in detail. It is shown, that for a given implant antenna size, an optimum combination of external antenna and frequency of operation exists that minimizes the overall link loss. In combination with limitations on the maximum transmit and received power due to health concerns, the maximum power available to mm-size implants as a function of size is derived. Two different AC-to-DC conversion circuit topologies, covering the expected input power and frequency range, are analyzed in detail and design guidelines for each are given. Finally, a 1 mm3 proof-of-concept implementation of a wirelessly powered neural transponder is presented. It was tested in air and in animal and provides enough extra DC power to power a neural sensor front-end while supporting a 2 Mbps radio link. The presented tag is the smallest wireless neural tag reported to date and prooves the feasibility of remotely powered mm-size wireless neural implants.
Author: Michael Mark
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Over the last couple of years, Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMI) based on microelectrode arrays have been shown to have the potential to substantially improve the quality of life for people suffering from debilitating conditions such as spinal cord injuries or limb loss. One of the most critical parts of a BMI system is the neural sensor. It is ideally implanted underneath the skull, reads out neural signals from the brain and transmits them wirelessly to a receiver outside the skull. The requirements on the electronics of such a sensor are extremely stringent, especially with respect to size and power consumption. Ideally, the overall size of the implanted sensor node is limited by the size of the sensor itself, rather than the electronics and the power source. This work investigates powering options for implants of sizes ranging from 10 mm by 10 mm down to 1 mm by 1 mm. Wireless power transfer is identified as the most promising option of doing so and is investigated in detail. It is shown, that for a given implant antenna size, an optimum combination of external antenna and frequency of operation exists that minimizes the overall link loss. In combination with limitations on the maximum transmit and received power due to health concerns, the maximum power available to mm-size implants as a function of size is derived. Two different AC-to-DC conversion circuit topologies, covering the expected input power and frequency range, are analyzed in detail and design guidelines for each are given. Finally, a 1 mm3 proof-of-concept implementation of a wirelessly powered neural transponder is presented. It was tested in air and in animal and provides enough extra DC power to power a neural sensor front-end while supporting a 2 Mbps radio link. The presented tag is the smallest wireless neural tag reported to date and prooves the feasibility of remotely powered mm-size wireless neural implants.
Author: Gürkan Yilmaz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331949337X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 119
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Book Description
This book presents new circuits and systems for implantable biomedical applications targeting neural recording. The authors describe a system design adapted to conform to the requirements of an epilepsy monitoring system. Throughout the book, these requirements are reflected in terms of implant size, power consumption, and data rate. In addition to theoretical background which explains the relevant technical challenges, the authors provide practical, step-by-step solutions to these problems. Readers will gain understanding of the numerical values in such a system, enabling projections for feasibility of new projects.
Author: Sohmyung Ha
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128151161
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
High-Density Integrated Electrocortical Neural Interfaces provides a basic understanding, design strategies and implementation applications for electrocortical neural interfaces with a focus on integrated circuit design technologies. A wide variety of topics associated with the design and application of electrocortical neural implants are covered in this book. Written by leading experts in the field— Dr. Sohmyung Ha, Dr. Chul Kim, Dr. Patrick P. Mercier and Dr. Gert Cauwenberghs —the book discusses basic principles and practical design strategies of electrocorticography, electrode interfaces, signal acquisition, power delivery, data communication, and stimulation. In addition, an overview and critical review of the state-of-the-art research is included. These methodologies present a path towards the development of minimally invasive brain-computer interfaces capable of resolving microscale neural activity with wide-ranging coverage across the cortical surface. - Written by leading researchers in electrocorticography in brain-computer interfaces - Offers a unique focus on neural interface circuit design, from electrode to interface, circuit, powering, communication and encapsulation - Covers the newest ECoG interface systems and electrode interfaces for ECoG and biopotential sensing
Author: Peng Cong
Publisher: River Publishers
ISBN: 8793519869
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
Implantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Neural interface Neural sensing amplifiers Electrical stimulation Embedded Signal AnalysisWireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed ImplantsNext Generation Neural Interface Electronics
Author: Yahya Rahmat-Samii
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119683297
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
A guide to the theory and recent development in the medical use of antenna technology Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications offers a comprehensive review of the theoretical background, design, and the latest developments in the application of antenna technology. Written by two experts in the field, the book presents the most recent research in the burgeoning field of wireless medical telemetry and sensing that covers both wearable and implantable antenna and sensor technologies. The authors review the integrated devices that include various types of sensors wired within a wearable garment that can be paired with external devices. The text covers important developments in sensor-integrated clothing that are synonymous with athletic apparel with built-in electronics. Information on implantable devices is also covered. The book explores technologies that utilize both inductive coupling and far field propagation. These include minimally invasive microwave ablation antennas, wireless targeted drug delivery, and much more. This important book: Covers recent developments in wireless medical telemetry Reviews the theory and design of in vitro/in vivo testing Explores emerging technologies in 2D and 3D printing of antenna/sensor fabrication Includes a chapter with an annotated list of the most comprehensive and important references in the field Written for students of engineering and antenna and sensor engineers, Antenna and Sensor Technologies in Modern Medical Applications is an essential guide to understanding human body interaction with antennas and sensors.
Author: Kanber Mithat Silay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 179
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Book Description
Author: William M. Reichert
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420009303
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Author: Woradorn Wattanapanitch
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
In the past few decades, direct recordings from different areas of the brain have enabled scientists to gradually understand and unlock the secrets of neural coding. This scientific advancement has shown great promise for successful development of practical brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) to restore lost body functions to patients with disorders in the central nervous system. Practical BMIs require the uses of implantable wireless neural recording systems to record and process neural signals, before transmitting neural information wirelessly to an external device, while avoiding the risk of infection due to through-skin connections. The implantability requirement poses major constraints on the size and total power consumption of the neural recording system. This thesis presents the design of an ultra-low-power implantable wireless neural recording system for use in brain-machine interfaces. The system is capable of amplifying and digitizing neural signals from 32 recording electrodes, and processing the digitized neural data before transmitting the neural information wirelessly to a receiver at a data rate of 2.5 Mbps. By combining state-of-the-art custom ASICs, a commercially-available FPGA, and discrete components, the system achieves excellent energy efficiency, while still offering design flexibility during the system development phase. The system's power consumption of 6.4 mW from a 3.6-V supply at a wireless output data rate of 2.5 Mbps makes it the most energy-efficient implantable wireless neural recording system reported to date. The system is integrated on a flexible PCB platform with dimensions of 1.8 cm x 5.6 cm and is designed to be powered by an implantable Li-ion battery. As part of this thesis, I describe the design of low-power integrated circuits (ICs) for amplification and digitization of the neural signals, including a neural amplifier and a 32-channel neural recording IC. Low-power low-noise design techniques are utilized in the design of the neural amplifier such that it achieves a noise efficiency factor (NEF) of 2.67, which is close to the theoretical limit determined by physics. The neural recording IC consists of neural amplifiers, analog multiplexers, ADCs, serial programming interfaces, and a digital processing unit. It can amplify and digitize neural signals from 32 recording electrodes, with a sampling rate of 31.25 kS/s per channel, and send the digitized data off-chip for further processing. The IC was successfully tested in an in-vivo wireless recording experiment from a behaving primate with an average power dissipation per channel of 10.1 [mu]W. Such a system is also widely useful in implantable brain-machine interfaces for the blind and paralyzed, and in cochlea implants for the deaf.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044453816X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
This volume follows on from the symposium "Brain Machine Interfaces - Implications for science, clinical practice and society", held on August 26th-29th 2010 in Ystad, Sweden, and features contributions from pioneers and leading scientists in the field of BMI and motor systems physiology, including spinal cord, basal ganglia and motor cortex. The wide range of topics covered include implants for mind control of prostheses and in robotics, clinical and experimental research on Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, depression and Alzheimer's disease, cochlear implants, retinal implants, novel flexible micro- and nano-electrode implants, safety aspects including acute and chronic tissue reactions to implants and on ethical issues in DBS. Program and abstracts from the individual contributors can be found on http://www.med.lu.se/nrc/bmi_symposium. - Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research - Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered - All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Author: William Biederman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Brain machine interfaces have the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the brain, restore motor function, and improve the quality of life to patients with neurological con- ditions. In recent human trials, control of robotic prostheses has been demonstrated using micro-electrode arrays, which provide high spatio-temporal resolution and an electrical feed- back path to the brain. However, after implantation, scar tissue degrades the recording signal-to-noise ratio and limits the useful lifetime of the array. This work presents two systems which utilize wireless techniques to mitigate this effect and create high-density, long-term interfaces with the human brain. A wirelessly powered 0.125mm2 65nm CMOS IC integrates four 1.5uW amplifiers (6.5uVrms input-referred noise with 10kHz bandwidth) with power conditioning and communication cir- cuitry. Multiple nodes free-float in the brain and communicate via backscatter to a wireless interrogator using a frequency-domain multiple access communication scheme. The full sys- tem, verified with wirelessly powered in vivo recordings, consumes 10.5uW and operates at 1mm range in air with 50mW transmit power. A 65nm CMOS 4.78mm2 neuromodulation SoC integrates closed loop BMI functionality on a single IC which can be arrayed on a wireless sub-cranial platform. The IC consumes 348uA from an unregulated 1.2V supply while operating 64 acquisition channels with epoch compression (at an average firing rate of 50Hz) and engaging two stimulators (with a pulse width of 250us/phase, differential current of 150uA, and a pulse frequency of 100Hz). Com- pared to the state of the art neural SoCs, this represents the lowest area and power for the highest integration complexity achieved to date.
