Author: Hassen Zriba
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781680539509
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
Edited by rising Tunisian literary scholar Hassen Zriba, Postmodernism and Narratives of Erasure in Culture, Literature, and Language is a collection of interdisciplinary essays arguing that the concept of "erasure" is an essential analytical tool/mode of thought in shaping conceptualizations of change and continuity in subjects of human knowledge. It defines "erasure" as the act of deleting, of removing something, following the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his book Being and Time, and proceeds with the French deconstructionist Jacques Derrida's meaning of the inadequacy, but "necessariness," of some words and concepts. In this volume's working definition, "erasure" is vital to unlocking the paradoxical nature of the very subject under erasure, allowing us to move beyond fixed binary creations of meaning and significance. Accordingly, erasure substitutes the classical "metaphysics of presence" (fixed meaning) with an alternative "metaphysics of absence," where meaning is always under construction. Signs are relational, not referential. This book is unique in its use of an interdisciplinary approach to detect how "erasure" emerges in language, culture, and literature. It examines how the concept shapes and is shaped by various discursive and critical formations in culture, language, and literature. Its major contribution is to expound a fundamental concept of postmodern theory that has been under-theorized to advance understanding the realities of our post-modern times.
Postmodernism and Narratives of Erasure in Culture, Literature, and Language
Author: Hassen Zriba
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781680539509
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
Edited by rising Tunisian literary scholar Hassen Zriba, Postmodernism and Narratives of Erasure in Culture, Literature, and Language is a collection of interdisciplinary essays arguing that the concept of "erasure" is an essential analytical tool/mode of thought in shaping conceptualizations of change and continuity in subjects of human knowledge. It defines "erasure" as the act of deleting, of removing something, following the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his book Being and Time, and proceeds with the French deconstructionist Jacques Derrida's meaning of the inadequacy, but "necessariness," of some words and concepts. In this volume's working definition, "erasure" is vital to unlocking the paradoxical nature of the very subject under erasure, allowing us to move beyond fixed binary creations of meaning and significance. Accordingly, erasure substitutes the classical "metaphysics of presence" (fixed meaning) with an alternative "metaphysics of absence," where meaning is always under construction. Signs are relational, not referential. This book is unique in its use of an interdisciplinary approach to detect how "erasure" emerges in language, culture, and literature. It examines how the concept shapes and is shaped by various discursive and critical formations in culture, language, and literature. Its major contribution is to expound a fundamental concept of postmodern theory that has been under-theorized to advance understanding the realities of our post-modern times.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781680539509
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 160
Book Description
Edited by rising Tunisian literary scholar Hassen Zriba, Postmodernism and Narratives of Erasure in Culture, Literature, and Language is a collection of interdisciplinary essays arguing that the concept of "erasure" is an essential analytical tool/mode of thought in shaping conceptualizations of change and continuity in subjects of human knowledge. It defines "erasure" as the act of deleting, of removing something, following the German philosopher Martin Heidegger in his book Being and Time, and proceeds with the French deconstructionist Jacques Derrida's meaning of the inadequacy, but "necessariness," of some words and concepts. In this volume's working definition, "erasure" is vital to unlocking the paradoxical nature of the very subject under erasure, allowing us to move beyond fixed binary creations of meaning and significance. Accordingly, erasure substitutes the classical "metaphysics of presence" (fixed meaning) with an alternative "metaphysics of absence," where meaning is always under construction. Signs are relational, not referential. This book is unique in its use of an interdisciplinary approach to detect how "erasure" emerges in language, culture, and literature. It examines how the concept shapes and is shaped by various discursive and critical formations in culture, language, and literature. Its major contribution is to expound a fundamental concept of postmodern theory that has been under-theorized to advance understanding the realities of our post-modern times.
The Book of Laughter and Forgetting
Author: Milan Kundera
Publisher: HarperCollins
ISBN: 0063290693
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
"An absolutely dazzling entertainment. . . . Arousing on every level—political, erotic, intellectual, and above all, humorous." —Newsweek "The Book of Laughter and Forgetting calls itself a novel, although it is part fairy tale, part literary criticism, part political tract, part musicology, and part autobiography. It can call itself whatever it wants to, because the whole is genius." —New York Times Rich in its stories, characters, and imaginative range, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting is the novel that brought Milan Kundera his first big international success in the late 1970s. Like all his work, it is valuable for far more than its historical implications. In seven wonderfully integrated parts, different aspects of human existence are magnified and reduced, reordered and emphasized, newly examined, analyzed, and experienced.
Publisher: HarperCollins
ISBN: 0063290693
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 324
Book Description
"An absolutely dazzling entertainment. . . . Arousing on every level—political, erotic, intellectual, and above all, humorous." —Newsweek "The Book of Laughter and Forgetting calls itself a novel, although it is part fairy tale, part literary criticism, part political tract, part musicology, and part autobiography. It can call itself whatever it wants to, because the whole is genius." —New York Times Rich in its stories, characters, and imaginative range, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting is the novel that brought Milan Kundera his first big international success in the late 1970s. Like all his work, it is valuable for far more than its historical implications. In seven wonderfully integrated parts, different aspects of human existence are magnified and reduced, reordered and emphasized, newly examined, analyzed, and experienced.
Handbook of Research on Contemporary Storytelling Methods Across New Media and Disciplines
Author: Mih?e?, Lorena Clara
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799866076
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
Stories are everywhere around us, from the ads on TV or music video clips to the more sophisticated stories told by books or movies. Everything comes wrapped in a story, and the means employed to weave the narrative thread are just as important as the story itself. In this context, there is a need to understand the role storytelling plays in contemporary society, which has changed drastically in recent decades. Modern global society is no longer exclusively dominated by the time-tested narrative media such as literature or films because new media such as videogames or social platforms have changed the way we understand, create, and replicate stories. The Handbook of Research on Contemporary Storytelling Methods Across New Media and Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides the relevant theoretical framework that concerns storytelling in modern society, as well as the newest and most varied analyses and case studies in the field. The chapters of this extensive volume follow the construction and interpretation of stories across a plethora of contemporary media and disciplines. By bringing together radical forms of storytelling in traditional disciplines and methods of telling stories across newer media, this book intersects themes that include interactive storytelling and narrative theory across advertisements, social media, and knowledge-sharing platforms, among others. It is targeted towards professionals, researchers, and students working or studying in the fields of narratology, literature, media studies, marketing and communication, anthropology, religion, or film studies. Moreover, for interested executives and entrepreneurs or prospective influencers, the chapters dedicated to marketing and social media may also provide insights into both the theoretical and the practical aspects of harnessing the power of storytelling in order to create a cohesive and impactful online image.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799866076
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 467
Book Description
Stories are everywhere around us, from the ads on TV or music video clips to the more sophisticated stories told by books or movies. Everything comes wrapped in a story, and the means employed to weave the narrative thread are just as important as the story itself. In this context, there is a need to understand the role storytelling plays in contemporary society, which has changed drastically in recent decades. Modern global society is no longer exclusively dominated by the time-tested narrative media such as literature or films because new media such as videogames or social platforms have changed the way we understand, create, and replicate stories. The Handbook of Research on Contemporary Storytelling Methods Across New Media and Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides the relevant theoretical framework that concerns storytelling in modern society, as well as the newest and most varied analyses and case studies in the field. The chapters of this extensive volume follow the construction and interpretation of stories across a plethora of contemporary media and disciplines. By bringing together radical forms of storytelling in traditional disciplines and methods of telling stories across newer media, this book intersects themes that include interactive storytelling and narrative theory across advertisements, social media, and knowledge-sharing platforms, among others. It is targeted towards professionals, researchers, and students working or studying in the fields of narratology, literature, media studies, marketing and communication, anthropology, religion, or film studies. Moreover, for interested executives and entrepreneurs or prospective influencers, the chapters dedicated to marketing and social media may also provide insights into both the theoretical and the practical aspects of harnessing the power of storytelling in order to create a cohesive and impactful online image.
Futuristic and Linguistic Perspectives on Teaching Writing to Second Language Students
Author: Hanc?-Azizoglu, Eda Ba?ak
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986510X
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Book Description
The aptitude to write well is increasingly becoming a vital element that students need to succeed in college and their future careers. Students must be equipped with competent writing skills as colleges and jobs base the acceptance of students and workers on the quality of their writing. This situation captures the complexity of the fact that writing represents higher intellectual skills and leads to a higher rate of selection. Therefore, it is imperative that best strategies for teaching writing speakers of other languages is imparted to provide insights to teachers who can better prepare their students for future accomplishments. Futuristic and Linguistic Perspectives on Teaching Writing to Second Language Students examines the theoretical and practical implications that should be put in place for second language writers and offers critical futuristic and linguistic perspectives on teaching writing to speakers of other languages. Highlighting such topics as EFL, ESL, composition, digital storytelling, and forming identity, this book is ideal for second language teachers and writing instructors, as well as academicians, professionals, researchers, and students working in the field of language and linguistics.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986510X
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Book Description
The aptitude to write well is increasingly becoming a vital element that students need to succeed in college and their future careers. Students must be equipped with competent writing skills as colleges and jobs base the acceptance of students and workers on the quality of their writing. This situation captures the complexity of the fact that writing represents higher intellectual skills and leads to a higher rate of selection. Therefore, it is imperative that best strategies for teaching writing speakers of other languages is imparted to provide insights to teachers who can better prepare their students for future accomplishments. Futuristic and Linguistic Perspectives on Teaching Writing to Second Language Students examines the theoretical and practical implications that should be put in place for second language writers and offers critical futuristic and linguistic perspectives on teaching writing to speakers of other languages. Highlighting such topics as EFL, ESL, composition, digital storytelling, and forming identity, this book is ideal for second language teachers and writing instructors, as well as academicians, professionals, researchers, and students working in the field of language and linguistics.
Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism
Author: Jamil, Sadia
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799866882
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 459
Book Description
Today, a variety of gender-based threats and discrimination continue to characterize journalism. Both male and female journalists are prone to online and offline threats, casual stereotypes in their routine work, and discrimination (especially in terms of job opportunities, promotion, and pay-scale). Working in a safe and non-discriminatory environment is the right of all journalists, regardless of their gender. The Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism is a critical reference book that highlights equal rights in journalism to ensure the safety of women and men. The book investigates the level and nature of threats, both online and offline, faced by journalists as well as gender discrimination in journalism. Best practices and examples that can promote a safe working environment and gender equality in journalism are also presented. Highlighting important themes such as online harassment, sexism, and gender-based violence, this book is ideal for journalists, reporters, media organizations, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working or studying in the fields of journalism, media and communications, human rights, and women’s studies.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799866882
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 459
Book Description
Today, a variety of gender-based threats and discrimination continue to characterize journalism. Both male and female journalists are prone to online and offline threats, casual stereotypes in their routine work, and discrimination (especially in terms of job opportunities, promotion, and pay-scale). Working in a safe and non-discriminatory environment is the right of all journalists, regardless of their gender. The Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism is a critical reference book that highlights equal rights in journalism to ensure the safety of women and men. The book investigates the level and nature of threats, both online and offline, faced by journalists as well as gender discrimination in journalism. Best practices and examples that can promote a safe working environment and gender equality in journalism are also presented. Highlighting important themes such as online harassment, sexism, and gender-based violence, this book is ideal for journalists, reporters, media organizations, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working or studying in the fields of journalism, media and communications, human rights, and women’s studies.
Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines
Author: Ciol?neanu, Roxana
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986460X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 403
Book Description
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspective on the perception and reception of women across time and space. It tackles various perspectives: gender studies, linguistic studies, literature and cultural studies, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, etc. Its main objective is to present new approaches and propose new answers to old questions related to gender inequalities, stereotypes, and prejudices about women and their place in the world. Covering significant themes that include the ethics of embodiment, myth of motherhood at the crossroad of ideologies, translation of women’s experiences and ideas across cultures, and discourses on women’s rehabilitation and dignification across centuries, this book is critical for linguists, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working in the fields of women’s studies, gender studies, cultural studies, and literature, as well as other related categories such as political studies, education studies, philosophy, and the social sciences.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986460X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 403
Book Description
Women have been represented in art, literature, music, and more for decades, with the image of the woman changing through time and across cultures. However, rarely has a multidisciplinary approach been taken to examine this imagery and challenge and possibly reinterpret old women-related myths and other taken-for-granted aspects (e.g., grammatically inclusive gender). Moreover, this approach can better place the ideologies as myth creators and propagators, identify and deconstruct stereotypes and prejudices, and compare them across cultures with the view to spot universal vs. culturally specific approaches as far as women's studies and interpretations are concerned. It is important to gather these perspectives to translate and unveil new interpretations to old ideas about women and the feminine that are universally accepted as absolute, impossible to challenge, and invalidated truths. The Handbook of Research on Translating Myth and Reality in Women Imagery Across Disciplines is a comprehensive reference book that provides an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary perspective on the perception and reception of women across time and space. It tackles various perspectives: gender studies, linguistic studies, literature and cultural studies, discourse analysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, etc. Its main objective is to present new approaches and propose new answers to old questions related to gender inequalities, stereotypes, and prejudices about women and their place in the world. Covering significant themes that include the ethics of embodiment, myth of motherhood at the crossroad of ideologies, translation of women’s experiences and ideas across cultures, and discourses on women’s rehabilitation and dignification across centuries, this book is critical for linguists, professionals, researchers, academicians, and students working in the fields of women’s studies, gender studies, cultural studies, and literature, as well as other related categories such as political studies, education studies, philosophy, and the social sciences.
Universal Codes of Media in International Political Communications: Emerging Research and Opportunities
Author: Yeromin, Mykola Borysovych
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799838099
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
Book Description
Much like different lenses will give a camera a different view, different forms of media portray different aspects of political relations. Without conveyed messages through audiovisual media, individuals would lose those conveyed messages through sub-textual means. Universal Codes of Media in International Political Communications: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of audiovisual media and applications within political science. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as media representation, political studies, and international communications, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, administrators, and government officials.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799838099
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 209
Book Description
Much like different lenses will give a camera a different view, different forms of media portray different aspects of political relations. Without conveyed messages through audiovisual media, individuals would lose those conveyed messages through sub-textual means. Universal Codes of Media in International Political Communications: Emerging Research and Opportunities provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of audiovisual media and applications within political science. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as media representation, political studies, and international communications, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, administrators, and government officials.
Handbook of Research on Representing Health and Medicine in Modern Media
Author: Sar?, Gül?ah
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799868273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 618
Book Description
Traditional and social media are used extensively in terms of public health today. Studies show that social media works much better than other follow-up systems, leading it to become a modern and somewhat new tool for disease coverage and information discovery. The current state of the representation of health and medicine in the media is an important factor to analyze in the field of health communication, especially amidst the onset of a global pandemic. The ways in which the media discusses health, the campaigns that are used, and the ethics around this role of media and journalism are defining factors in the spread of information regarding health. The Handbook of Research on Representing Health and Medicine in Modern Media is a crucial reference that discusses health communication within two contexts: in terms of the media and journalists presenting critical health information and in terms of media literacy and information retrieval methods of media consumers through modern digital channels. The main purpose of these chapters is the development of critical thinking about health presentations and health communication issues in the media by presenting a discussion of the issues that will contribute to this vital view of health, medicine, and diseases in the media. The primary topics highlighted in this book are infectious diseases in the media, campaigning, media ethics, digital platforms such as television and social media in health communication, and the media’s impact on individuals and society. This book is ideal for journalists, reporters, researchers, practitioners, public health officials, social media analysts, researchers, academicians, and students looking for information on how health and medicine are presented in the media, the channels used for information delivery, and the impact of the media on health and medicine.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799868273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 618
Book Description
Traditional and social media are used extensively in terms of public health today. Studies show that social media works much better than other follow-up systems, leading it to become a modern and somewhat new tool for disease coverage and information discovery. The current state of the representation of health and medicine in the media is an important factor to analyze in the field of health communication, especially amidst the onset of a global pandemic. The ways in which the media discusses health, the campaigns that are used, and the ethics around this role of media and journalism are defining factors in the spread of information regarding health. The Handbook of Research on Representing Health and Medicine in Modern Media is a crucial reference that discusses health communication within two contexts: in terms of the media and journalists presenting critical health information and in terms of media literacy and information retrieval methods of media consumers through modern digital channels. The main purpose of these chapters is the development of critical thinking about health presentations and health communication issues in the media by presenting a discussion of the issues that will contribute to this vital view of health, medicine, and diseases in the media. The primary topics highlighted in this book are infectious diseases in the media, campaigning, media ethics, digital platforms such as television and social media in health communication, and the media’s impact on individuals and society. This book is ideal for journalists, reporters, researchers, practitioners, public health officials, social media analysts, researchers, academicians, and students looking for information on how health and medicine are presented in the media, the channels used for information delivery, and the impact of the media on health and medicine.
Innovative Perspectives on Corporate Communication in the Global World
Author: Olvera-Lobo, María Dolores
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986801X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
Today's global markets demand that companies of all sizes look to international markets for potential customers. The successive crises that have taken place in the last decade make the internationalization of companies essential. This situation is further aggravated in the case of SMEs, as surviving only from national markets is becoming increasingly difficult. Indeed, the economic sphere is in constant flux, which demands that companies have a great capacity for adaptation to face the new challenges of an ever more globalized and difficult market. In this context, new forms of business communication are emerging, especially through the web and new technologies. Digital marketing and the dissemination of corporate information have become key processes for the success of companies. It is therefore crucial to research different digital marketing processes and ways of breaking down linguistic and cultural barriers between users from different sociolinguistic contexts. Innovative Perspectives on Corporate Communication in the Global World contains different contributions focused on the description of methods, processes, and tools that can be adopted to achieve corporate internationalization goals. The chapters provide a comprehensive review of the why, what, and how of disseminating corporate information and promoting corporate digital communication into internationalization processes. These strategies can be related to the development of digital tools, the design of new corporate communication strategies, the proposal of new ways of breaking social and linguistic barriers between technology users, or the creation of new methodologies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies. This book is ideal for marketers, managers, executives, entrepreneurs, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in new corporate communication strategies and their effectiveness.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 179986801X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
Today's global markets demand that companies of all sizes look to international markets for potential customers. The successive crises that have taken place in the last decade make the internationalization of companies essential. This situation is further aggravated in the case of SMEs, as surviving only from national markets is becoming increasingly difficult. Indeed, the economic sphere is in constant flux, which demands that companies have a great capacity for adaptation to face the new challenges of an ever more globalized and difficult market. In this context, new forms of business communication are emerging, especially through the web and new technologies. Digital marketing and the dissemination of corporate information have become key processes for the success of companies. It is therefore crucial to research different digital marketing processes and ways of breaking down linguistic and cultural barriers between users from different sociolinguistic contexts. Innovative Perspectives on Corporate Communication in the Global World contains different contributions focused on the description of methods, processes, and tools that can be adopted to achieve corporate internationalization goals. The chapters provide a comprehensive review of the why, what, and how of disseminating corporate information and promoting corporate digital communication into internationalization processes. These strategies can be related to the development of digital tools, the design of new corporate communication strategies, the proposal of new ways of breaking social and linguistic barriers between technology users, or the creation of new methodologies aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of digital marketing strategies. This book is ideal for marketers, managers, executives, entrepreneurs, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in new corporate communication strategies and their effectiveness.
Postmodernism, Traditional Cultural Forms, and African American Narratives
Author: W. Lawrence Hogue
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438448368
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
This book explores how African American social and political movements, African American studies, independent scholars, and traditional cultural forms revisit and challenge the representation of the African American as deviant other. After surveying African American history and cultural politics, W. Lawrence Hogue provides original and insightful readings of six experimental/postmodern African American texts: John Edgar Wideman's Philadelphia Fire; Percival Everett's Erasure; Toni Morrison's Jazz; Bonnie Greer's Hanging by Her Teeth; Clarence Major's Reflex and Bone Structure; and Xam Wilson Cartiér's Muse-Echo Blues. Using traditional cultural and western forms, including the blues, jazz, voodoo, virtuality, radical democracy, Jungian/African American Collective Unconscious, Yoruba gods, black folk culture, and black working class culture, Hogue reveals that these authors uncover spaces with different definitions of life that still retain a wildness and have not been completely mapped out and trademarked by normative American culture. Redefining the African American novel and the African American outside the logic, rules, and values of western binary reason, these writers leave open the possibility of psychic liberation of African Americans in the West.
Publisher: State University of New York Press
ISBN: 1438448368
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 341
Book Description
This book explores how African American social and political movements, African American studies, independent scholars, and traditional cultural forms revisit and challenge the representation of the African American as deviant other. After surveying African American history and cultural politics, W. Lawrence Hogue provides original and insightful readings of six experimental/postmodern African American texts: John Edgar Wideman's Philadelphia Fire; Percival Everett's Erasure; Toni Morrison's Jazz; Bonnie Greer's Hanging by Her Teeth; Clarence Major's Reflex and Bone Structure; and Xam Wilson Cartiér's Muse-Echo Blues. Using traditional cultural and western forms, including the blues, jazz, voodoo, virtuality, radical democracy, Jungian/African American Collective Unconscious, Yoruba gods, black folk culture, and black working class culture, Hogue reveals that these authors uncover spaces with different definitions of life that still retain a wildness and have not been completely mapped out and trademarked by normative American culture. Redefining the African American novel and the African American outside the logic, rules, and values of western binary reason, these writers leave open the possibility of psychic liberation of African Americans in the West.