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Author: George R. Rapp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662050056
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
1.1 Prologue What is archaeomineralogy? The term has been used at least once before (Mitchell 1985), but this volume is the first publication to lay down the scientific basis and systematics for this subdiscipline. Students sometimes call an introductory archaeology course "stones and bones." Archaeomineralogy covers the stones component of this phrase. Of course, archaeology consists of a great deal more than just stones and bones. Contemporary archaeology is based on stratigraphy, geomorphology, chronometry, behavioral inferences, and a host of additional disciplines in addition to those devoted to stones and bones. To hazard a definition: archaeomineralogy is the study of the minerals and rocks used by ancient societies over space and time, as implements, orna ments, building materials, and raw materials for ceramics and other processed products. Archaeomineralogy also attempts to date, source, or otherwise char acterize an artifact or feature, or to interpret past depositional alteration of archaeological contexts. Unlike geoarchaeology, archaeomineralogy is not, and is not likely to become, a recognized subdiscipline. Practitioners of archaeomineralogy are mostly geoarchaeologists who specialize in geology and have a strong background in mineralogy or petrology (the study of the origin ofrocks).
Author: George R. Rapp
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662050056
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Get Book Here
Book Description
1.1 Prologue What is archaeomineralogy? The term has been used at least once before (Mitchell 1985), but this volume is the first publication to lay down the scientific basis and systematics for this subdiscipline. Students sometimes call an introductory archaeology course "stones and bones." Archaeomineralogy covers the stones component of this phrase. Of course, archaeology consists of a great deal more than just stones and bones. Contemporary archaeology is based on stratigraphy, geomorphology, chronometry, behavioral inferences, and a host of additional disciplines in addition to those devoted to stones and bones. To hazard a definition: archaeomineralogy is the study of the minerals and rocks used by ancient societies over space and time, as implements, orna ments, building materials, and raw materials for ceramics and other processed products. Archaeomineralogy also attempts to date, source, or otherwise char acterize an artifact or feature, or to interpret past depositional alteration of archaeological contexts. Unlike geoarchaeology, archaeomineralogy is not, and is not likely to become, a recognized subdiscipline. Practitioners of archaeomineralogy are mostly geoarchaeologists who specialize in geology and have a strong background in mineralogy or petrology (the study of the origin ofrocks).
Author: Jo Kirby
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781909492158
Category : Dyes and dyeing
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"How did textile dyers manipulate the natural dyes at their disposal to obtain the colours we see on fabrics and tapestries in museum collections today? How did colour makers prepare the translucent lake pigments used by artists to give richness and volume to painted draperies and subtle modulations of colour and space in the depiction of landscape? Some of the technological factors the dyer or pigment maker could control very easily have a marked effect on the final colour: the mordant salt used on the textile fibre; the temperature at which the dye was extracted from the raw material or dyeing was carried out; the method of extracting the during pigment preparation. These factors were explored as part of a research activity within the European project CHARISMA (Cultural Heritage Advanced Research Infrastructures -- Synergy for a Multidisciplinary Approach to Conservation/Restoration), a Research Infrastructures project founded by the European Union 7th Framework Programme (2009-2014, grant agreement no. 228330). Recipes for dyeing and lake pigment making using natural dyes, based on those found in historical documentary sources, were designed to study the effects of these and other factors and used during two CHARISMA workshops held in 2011 -- one on making traditional lake pigments, the other on dyeing. This book brings together the recipes used during these very successful workshops with discussions of the historical recipes upon which they were based and is illustrated with photographs taken during the workshops. The most widely used European natural dyes are described briefly and a short account of the chemistry of dyeing and lake pigment is included. The book is aimed primarily at those who need easily modified and reproducible recipes for teaching or scientific work: conservators, scientists and teachers." -- Provided by publisher
Author: Ralf Schweiggert
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323996094
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 643
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Book Description
Handbook on Natural Pigments in Food and Beverages: Industrial Applications for Improving Color, Second Edition focuses on a color solution for a specific commodity, providing food scientists with a one-stop, comprehensive reference on how to improve the color of a particular food product. The book includes two new chapters that highlight the physical and biological fundamentals of color, as well as the specific use of curcumin and carthamin. Sections focus on specific industrial applications of natural colorants, with chapters covering the use of natural colorants in a variety of products. Other sections highlight technical formulation and potential health benefits of specific colorants. Various pigments which can be used to effectively color food and beverage commodities are presented with information on safety and testing throughout. - Provides a fully revised and updated resource on current regulatory standards and legislation - Includes new chapters on both emerging ingredients and the latest technologies - Focuses on the use of natural food colorants by specific product category per chapter rather than one pigment class per chapter - Contains a current and comprehensive overview of product-specific coloration approaches
Author: Abraham Reife
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471589273
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
In the last two decades the EPA and other national andinternational agencies have placed increasingly strict regulationson the manufacture and use of synthetic colorants. The pigment anddye industry has had to develop the technology necessary to analyzeand remediate pollutants in wastewater. Although these efforts haveproduced a considerable volume of information, until now, no singlebook has provided an organized, comprehensive treatment of theenvironmental chemistry of synthetic colorants. Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments is the firstcomprehensive reference to address the environmental problems posedby synthetic colorants, and to provide a forum for the solutionsproposed by industry, government, and academia. Focusing ondevelopments in the field over the past two decades, it deals withall aspects of colored wastewater treatment, the disposal of dyes,analytical methods, toxicity, and regulatory questions. In its coverage of wastewater treatment, this book addresses boththe most commonly used methods and those specifically designed toaddress pollution problems at the source by analyzing for andremoving dyes and pollutants from wastewater effluent. Throughout,real-world data on a wide variety of dyes and dye intermediates isprovided, as well as cost-effective strategies for dealing withwastewater treatment. In addition, several chapters are devoted to the perspectives ofnational and international experts on regulations governing themanufacture, handling, use, and disposal of synthetic dyes andpigments. The impact these regulations have had on both U.S. andforeign industry is also discussed. A complete, comprehensive, and up-to-date guide to pollutionprevention in the dyestuff and textile industries Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments is the onlyself-contained volume that focuses on the environmental impact ofsynthetic dyes and pigments. Contributions by international expertsfrom industry, academia, and government make this an indispensablebook for anyone dealing with the environmental problems posed bysynthetic colorants. It covers the entire range of environmentalissues, from waste treatment and analysis to pollution preventionand government regulations. Covers the latest wastewater treatment methods Shows how to use recycling and reusing methods effectively, whilecutting production costs Describes state-of-the-art technology, including the PACT(r)system Explains analysis techniques, including spectrometry andionization Covers legislative issues and the regulatory status of variouscompounds in both the United States and abroad Examines the various pollution prevention programs instituted bygovernment and industry Bridging the gap between industrial interests and environmentalconcerns, Environmental Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments stands as aninvaluable resource for scientists, researchers, and engineers inthe textile and dyestuff industries, and in the environmentalsciences. It is also an extremely useful text for environmentalscience students.
Author: Ahmet Gürses
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319338927
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 88
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Book Description
In this book the authors go back to basics to describe the structural differences between dyes and pigments, their mechanisms of action, properties and applications. They set the scene by explaining the reasons behind these differences and show how dyes are predominately organic compounds that dissolve or react with substrates, whereas pigments are (predominantly) finely ground inorganic substances that are insoluble and therefore have a different mode of coloring. They also describe the role of functional groups and their effect on dyeing ability, contrasting this with the way in which pigments cause surface reflection (or light absorption) depending on their chemical and crystalline structure and relative particle size. The book explores the environmental impact of dyes in a section that covers the physical, chemical, toxicological, and ecological properties of dyes and how these are used to assess their effect on the environment and to estimate whether a given product presents a potential hazard. Lastly, it assesses how, in addition to their traditional uses in the textile, leather, paper, paint and varnish industries, dyes and pigments are indispensable in other fields such as microelectronics, medical diagnostics, and in information recording techniques.
Author: Ian Christensen
Publisher: iSmithers Rapra Publishing
ISBN: 9781859573730
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 134
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Book Description
At a time when it is critical to many plastics processors to add value to products, colorants are an essential part of the additives repertoire. Plastics are often processed at very high temperatures and shear, and products are exposed to heat and light. Colorants must tolerate these conditions to function adequately. This Rapra Review Report provides practical information for plastics processors with regard to colorant selection and the range of products and effects available. The review is accompanied by around 400 abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database, to facilitate further reading on this subject.
Author: Robert L. Feller
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artists' materials
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
Author: Ingo Klöckl
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110777118
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
Volume 1 of the Handbook of Colorants Chemistry covers the fundamentals of color as well as the scientific principles, via the presentation of molecular compositions of inorganic and organic pigments. The book is supplemented by a comprehensive bibliography with references to standard works, monographs and original papers. The reader is provided with a unique overview of the field of color chemistry.
Author: Élodie Dupey García
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
ISBN: 0816538441
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Mesoamerican communities past and present are characterized by their strong inclination toward color and their expert use of the natural environment to create dyes and paints. In pre-Hispanic times, skin was among the preferred surfaces on which to apply coloring materials. Archaeological research and historical and iconographic evidence show that, in Mesoamerica, the human body—alive or dead—received various treatments and procedures for coloring it. Painting the Skin brings together exciting research on painted skins in Mesoamerica. Chapters explore the materiality, uses, and cultural meanings of the colors applied to a multitude of skins, including bodies, codices made of hide and vegetal paper, and even building “skins.” Contributors offer physicochemical analysis and compare compositions, manufactures, and attached meanings of pigments and colorants across various social and symbolic contexts and registers. They also compare these Mesoamerican colors with those used in other ancient cultures from both the Old and New Worlds. This cross-cultural perspective reveals crucial similarities and differences in the way cultures have painted on skins of all types. Examining color in Mesoamerica broadens understandings of Native religious systems and world views. Tracing the path of color use and meaning from pre-Columbian times to the present allows for the study of the preparation, meanings, social uses, and thousand-year origins of the coloring materials used by today’s Indigenous peoples. Contributors: María Isabel Álvarez Icaza Longoria Christine Andraud Bruno Giovanni Brunetti David Buti Davide Domenici Élodie Dupey García Tatiana Falcón Álvarez Anne Genachte-Le Bail Fabrice Goubard Aymeric Histace Patricia Horcajada Campos Stephen Houston Olivia Kindl Bertrand Lavédrine Linda R. Manzanilla Naim Anne Michelin Costanza Miliani Virgina E. Miller Sélim Natahi Fabien Pottier Patricia Quintana Owen Franco D. Rossi Antonio Sgamellotti Vera Tiesler Aurélie Tournié María Luisa Vázquez de Ágredos Pascual Cristina Vidal Lorenzo
Author: Nicholas Eastaugh
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136373926
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 963
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Book Description
This is an essential purchase for all painting conservators and conservation scientists dealing with paintings and painted objects. It provides the first definitive manual dedicated to optical microscopy of historical pigments. Illustrated throughout with full colour images reproduced to the highest possible quality, this book is based on years of painstaking research into the visual and optical properties of pigments. Now combined with the Pigment Dictionary, the most thorough reference to pigment names and synonyms avaiable, the Pigment Compendium is a major addition to the study and understanding of historic pigments.
