Piecemeal Trade Reform in Partially Liberalized Economies PDF Download
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Author: Glenn W. Harrison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Apertura economica - Turquia
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Given Turkey's already extensive trade liberalization, a move to uniform external incentives would bring most of the benefits of full trade liberalization. Moreover, it is not enough to have piecemeal reform of tariffs or export susidies alone. Harmonizing Turkey's already low tariffs to the European Community's tariff structure will improve Turkey's welfare only if Turkey at the same time removes or reduces its export subsidies.
Author: Glenn W. Harrison
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Apertura economica - Turquia
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Book Description
Given Turkey's already extensive trade liberalization, a move to uniform external incentives would bring most of the benefits of full trade liberalization. Moreover, it is not enough to have piecemeal reform of tariffs or export susidies alone. Harmonizing Turkey's already low tariffs to the European Community's tariff structure will improve Turkey's welfare only if Turkey at the same time removes or reduces its export subsidies.
Author: Refik Erzan
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Comercio exterior - Europa Oriental
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
Western Europe will be the major trading partner of the Eastern European and former Soviet economies, but their trade with Japan, North America, and developing countries will also expand. Eastern Europe's greater access to Western markets may conflict with the export interests of other developing countries.
Author: Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1589068181
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
This volume examines the impact on economic performance of structural policies-policies that increase the role of market forces and competition in the economy, while maintaining appropriate regulatory frameworks. The results reflect a new dataset covering reforms of domestic product markets, international trade, the domestic financial sector, and the external capital account, in 91 developed and developing countries. Among the key results of this study, the authors find that real and financial reforms (and, in particular, domestic financial liberalization, trade liberalization, and agricultural liberalization) boost income growth. However, growth effects differ significantly across alternative reform sequencing strategies: a trade-before-capital-account strategy achieves better outcomes than the reverse, or even than a "big bang"; also, liberalizing the domestic financial sector together with the external capital account is growth-enhancing, provided the economy is relatively open to international trade. Finally, relatively liberalized domestic financial sectors enhance the economy's resilience, reducing output costs from adverse terms-of-trade and interest-rate shocks; increased credit availability is one of the key mechanisms.
Author: Aline Coudouel
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821363492
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
"The analysis of the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, particularly on th e poor and vulnerable, has an important role in the elaboration and implementation of poverty reduction strategies in developing countries. In recent years this type of work has been labeled as Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) and is increasingly implemented to promote evidence-based policy choices and foster debate on policy reform options. While information is available on the general approach, techniques, and tools for distributional analysis, each sector displays a series of specific characteristics. These have implications for the analysis of distributional impacts, including the types of impacts and transmission channels that warrant particular attention, the tools and techniques most appropriate, the data source typically utilized, and the range of political economy factors most likely to affect the reform process. This volume provides an overview of the specific issues arising in the analysis of the distributional impacts of policy and institutional reforms in selected sectors. Each chapter offers guidance on the selection of tools and techniques most adapted to the reforms under scrutiny, and offers examples of applications of these approaches. This is a companion to the first volume, which offers guidance on trade, monetary and exchange rate policy, utility provision, agricultural markets, land policy, and education."
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
To achieve a specified reduction in the accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere, it is far better to allow for flexibility in the timing of adjustment policies than to impose a particular deadline. This lesson applies to all countries: rigidly imposed limits on emissions controls entail unnecessary economic costs.
Author: George B. Simmons
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 6100308290
Category : Birth control clinics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Four techniques for improving client relations that should be part of systemic change - not applied like bandaids - to make family planning services more effective.
Author:
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Author: Sultan Ahmad
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Income
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
How the Bank uses regressions to fill gaps in purchasing power parity based on estimates of per capita income.
Author: Carlos Alberto Primo Braga
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Acuerdos comerciales
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Fears about how the further spread of free trade areas will affect world trade volumes may be exaggerated - while the dangers of these blocs becoming hostile to each other may have been underestimated. "Managed" trade is far more likely outcome.
Author: Kym Anderson
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821374206
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Book Description
The vast majority of the world's poorest households depend on farming for their livelihood. During the 1960s and 1970s, most developing countries imposed pro-urban and anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries. Although progress has been made over the past two decades to reduce those policy biases, many trade- and welfare-reducing price distortions remain between agriculture and other sectors as well as within the agricultural sector of both rich and poor countries. Comprehensive empirical studies of the disarray in world agricultural markets first appeared approximately 20 years ago. Since then the OECD has provided estimates each year of market distortions in high-income countries, but there has been no comparable estimates for the world's developing countries. This volume is the first in a series (other volumes cover Africa, Asia, and Latin America) that not only fill that void for recent years but extend the estimates in a consistent and comparable way back in time--and provide analytical narratives for scores of countries that shed light on the evolving nature and extent of policy interventions over the past half-century. 'Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Europe's Transition Economies' provides an overview of the evolution of distortions to agricultural incentives caused by price and trade policies in the economies of Eastern Europe and Central Asia that are transitioning away from central planning. The book includes country and subregional studies of the ten transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe that joined the European Union in 2004 or 2007, of seven other large member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, and of Turkey. Together these countries comprise over 90 percent of the Europe and Central Asia region's population and GDP. Sectoral, trade, and exchange rate policies in the region have changed greatly since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, but price distortions remain. The new empirical indicators in these country studies provide a strong evidence-based foundation for evaluating policy options in the years ahead.
