Physiological Responses of Vitis Vinifera L. Grapevines to Water Stress PDF Download
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Author: Hugo Lira Saldívar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Author: Hugo Lira Saldívar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 402
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Author: Vinay Vijay Pagay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 167
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Water availability plays a key role in growth processes in grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), moderating the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. It was hypothesized that differences in vegetative growth of individual shoots within a grapevine on a single cane were due to differences in the water status of those shoots as indicated by their midday stem water potentials, [PSI]md. A combination of leaf pressure chamber, leaf gas exchange, ultrasonic acoustic emissions, stem hydraulic measurements, and histology techniques were used on field-grown 'Riesling' grapevines that were subjected to progressive soil moisture deficits during the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. Differences in [PSI]md were not large enough to explain the large differences in shoot length within a single vine. Longer shoots had greater hydraulic conductivities, but shorter shoots were found to have higher rates of xylem acoustic emissions occurring under less water stress (higher [PSI]md) than longer shoots. Longer shoots had larger cross-sectional xylem vessel area and somewhat less inter-vessel pitting compared to shorter shoots. These differences could contribute to the higher hydraulic efficiency of long shoots, and with fewer pits per vessel, there may be fewer embolisms. Stomatal conductance and photosynthetic responses to increasing water stress were not different in relation to shoot length. In summary, although there were differences in water status between long and short shoots on the same vine, the differences were not great enough to explain the differences in growth rate of the shoots. Tensiometry is a technique to measure the chemical potential of stretched liquid water based on a thermodynamic equilibrium between liquid water and its vapor. It provides the most sensitivity in the range of (high) water potentials relevant to plants and soils, and is compatible with miniaturization for embedding in plants. Based on this technique, we developed a i microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based microtensiometer in which a piezoresistive pressure sensor coupled to a nanoporous silicon membrane was able to measure large internal negative pressures of liquid when exposed to sub-saturated vapors. We demonstrated its function in sub-saturated vapors across a range of activities (aw) or relative humidities (RH), measuring internal hydrostatic pressures approaching -33 MPa (aw=0.78 or 78% RH), the largest negative liquid pressure directly measured by any method. The extended range of measurement combined with a small form factor make the microtensiometer an attractive instrument for the measurement of water activity in a variety of materials (e.g. concrete), physical, biological, and environmental systems. The microtensiometer can also be embedded in the stems of woody plants and in soils for the continuous measurement of water potential. Scalable microtensiometer arrays in conjunction with wireless networks offer the potential to provide continuous, high-resolution data to geographic information system (GIS) centers to aid in irrigation decisions and optimize water resource management for sustainable crop production. ii.
Author: Xiaochi Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cabernet (Wine)
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Washington state is currently the second largest premium wine producer in the United States, with Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon as one of the top produced varieties. Grape production in Washington not only depends on natural rainfall, but also on supplemental irrigation given the semi-arid climate. However, competition for agricultural water availability between grapes and other staple crops has become intense due to unstable climatic patterns and local policies, making efficient water management essential for sustainable viticulture and the development of the wine industry in Washington. Using Cabernet Sauvignon as a model variety, this project aimed to improve efficiency of water management by investigating the effects of novel irrigation strategies and watering regimes on grapevine physiology and grape production. Chapter one provides a comprehensive review of grapevine performance under water stress and discusses strategies to enhance water management in vineyards. Chapters two to four describe the implementation of a novel subsurface drip irrigation strategy named direct root-zone irrigation (DRZ) and summarize grapevine responses. Compared with traditional surface drip irrigation, DRZ increased leaf net CO2 assimilation rate and yield, reduced shallow root growth, and showed potential to save water and enhance crop water use efficiency without reducing grape quality. DRZ likely increased soil water availability but did not show significant effect on root growth in the deep soil profile. Finally, a greenhouse study described in chapter five investigated the responses of grapevine to four different watering regimes, which revealed that increasing watering rate after veraison did not improve grape yield and quality, but it helped improve carbon assimilation in leaves and relieved water stress in grapevines during later growing stages. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between peroxisome abundance in leaves and midday stem water potential, which provides a cellular readout to better understand grapevine growth under water deficit. Overall, this project provides new ways to improve water productivity and advances the understanding of physiological and molecular responses of grapevines to water stress.
Author: Uri Hochberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cabernet (Wine)
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Author: Dario Cantu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030186016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 367
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This book describes the current state of international grape genomics, with a focus on the latest findings, tools and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis, and genetic mapping of important agronomic traits. It also discusses how these are having a direct impact on outcomes for grape breeders and the international grape research community. While V. vinifera is a model species, it is not always appreciated that its cultivation usually requires the use of other Vitis species as rootstocks. The book discusses genetic diversity within the Vitis genus, the available genetic resources for breeding, and the available genomic resources for other Vitis species. Grapes (Vitis vinifera spp. vinifera) have been a source of food and wine since their domestication from their wild progenitor (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) around 8,000 years ago, and they are now the world’s most valuable horticultural crop. In addition to being economically important, V. vinifera is also a model organism for the study of perennial fruit crops for two reasons: Firstly, its ability to be transformed and micropropagated via somatic embryogenesis, and secondly its relatively small genome size of 500 Mb. The economic importance of grapes made V. vinifera an obvious early candidate for genomic sequencing, and accordingly, two draft genomes were reported in 2007. Remarkably, these were the first genomes of any fruiting crop to be sequenced and only the fourth for flowering plants. Although riddled with gaps and potentially omitting large regions of repetitive sequences, the two genomes have provided valuable insights into grape genomes. Cited in over 2,000 articles, the genome has served as a reference in more than 3,000 genome-wide transcriptional analyses. Further, recent advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics are enabling the assembly of reference-grade genome references for more grape genotypes revealing the exceptional extent of structural variation in the species.
Author: Hernâni Gerós
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118736044
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Grapes (Vitis spp.) are economically the most important fruit species in the world. Over the last decades many scientific advances have led to understand more deeply key physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of grape berry maturation. However, our knowledge on how grapevines respond to environmental stimuli and deal with biotic and abiotic stresses is still fragmented. Thus, this area of research is wide open for new scientific and technological advancements. Particularly, in the context of climate change, viticulture will have to adapt to higher temperatures, light intensity and atmospheric CO2 concentration, while water availability is expected to decrease in many viticultural regions, which poses new challenges to scientists and producers. With Grapevine in a Changing Environment, readers will benefit from a comprehensive and updated coverage on the intricate grapevine defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress and on the new generation techniques that may be ultimately used to implement appropriate strategies aimed at the production and selection of more adapted genotypes. The book also provides valuable references in this research area and original data from several laboratories worldwide. Written by 63 international experts on grapevine ecophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, the book is a reference for a wide audience with different backgrounds, from plant physiologists, biochemists and graduate and post-graduate students, to viticulturists and enologists.
Author: Markus Keller
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 522
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Book Description
The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author's years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. - Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts - Integration of new research results including: - Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes - Effect of drought stress on grapevine's hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions - The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control - Chapter summaries added - Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added
Author: Hector Mauricio Escamilla-Santana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Author: Rebeka Strah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Author: Xiaoyue Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Grapes
Languages : en
Pages : 136
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