Physiological Limitations and the Genetic Improvement of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation PDF Download
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Author: F. O'Gara
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400914016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Rhizobium species involved in root nodule formation on legume plants are one of the best known groups of micro organisms. The Rhizobium legume symbiosis continues to be of strategic importance particularly in the context of food production. As the world population grows, it is also neces sary to have new developments taking place in crop improve ment. The development and application of new technologies in biological sciences over the past number of years have made the entire area of plant-microbial interaction an exciting and challenging research area to be involved in. In view of the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it is not surpris ing that it still represents one of the priority areas for commercial development in agricultural biotechnology. Since this symbiosis involves an association between procaryotic and eucaryotic partners, it requires of necessity a co-ordinated and interdisciplinary approach. It was in this spirit that this international conference was organised. The scientific programme was designed to focus on physio logical limitations affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the potential for overcoming such limitations using genetic technologies. Participants were drawn from contractants of the EEC DGVI "Energy in Agriculture" nitrogen fixation prog ramme. The scientific programme was also supplemented with invited scientists from Europe and North America to provide appropriate expertise on the various conference topics.
Author: F. O'Gara
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400914016
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Rhizobium species involved in root nodule formation on legume plants are one of the best known groups of micro organisms. The Rhizobium legume symbiosis continues to be of strategic importance particularly in the context of food production. As the world population grows, it is also neces sary to have new developments taking place in crop improve ment. The development and application of new technologies in biological sciences over the past number of years have made the entire area of plant-microbial interaction an exciting and challenging research area to be involved in. In view of the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, it is not surpris ing that it still represents one of the priority areas for commercial development in agricultural biotechnology. Since this symbiosis involves an association between procaryotic and eucaryotic partners, it requires of necessity a co-ordinated and interdisciplinary approach. It was in this spirit that this international conference was organised. The scientific programme was designed to focus on physio logical limitations affecting symbiotic nitrogen fixation and the potential for overcoming such limitations using genetic technologies. Participants were drawn from contractants of the EEC DGVI "Energy in Agriculture" nitrogen fixation prog ramme. The scientific programme was also supplemented with invited scientists from Europe and North America to provide appropriate expertise on the various conference topics.
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Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Peter Hanrath
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9789024726929
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 333
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
The influence of host plant energy supply on nitrogen fixation; Carbon metabolism and the exclange of metabolites between symbionts in legume nodules; Bacterial catabolism of nitrogen contaning compounds in symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Studies on the Rhizobium-pea symbiosis: the role of malate dehydrogenase and the effect of the plant on the efficiency of the nitrogenase reaction; Energetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation: the relationships between oxygen, malate and hydrogen; Rhizobium strain effect on nitrogen accumulation unpea relates to PEA carboxylase activity in nodules and asparagine in root bleeding sap. Flavanoid-rhizobium interactions; Peribacteroid membrane stability and phytoalexin production in legume nodules; Limitations and benefits of oxygen diffusion control in legume nodules; Factors controlling legume nitrogen fixation and their measurement in the field; Inhibition of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by nitrate; Variations in nodulation ability by strains of R. trifolii in the presence of nitrate; Positive and negative aspects of denitrification in Rhizobium-legume associations; Competition between nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium strains: delay of nodulation; Effect of soil pH on nitrogenase activity, crop yield and Rhizobium multiplication; Dicarboxylic acid utilization and nitrogen fixation efficiency in Rhizobium-legume symbiosis; Regulation of nitrogen fixation in the Rhizobium meliloti-alfafa symbiosis; Structure and regulation of fix genes from Rhizobium meliloti; Organization and expression of hydrogen-uptake (hu) genes of Rhizobium leguminosarum; Two classes of Rhizobium genes requiredfor the nodulation of legumes; The role of nodulins in root nodule development.
Author: P. Graham
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401110883
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.
Author: Peter M. Gresshoff
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351091646
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 595
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Book Description
The core of the text is aimed at the research worker in the field of nitrogen fixation, but, despite its specialisation, does not lose the emphasis on teaching, both as a direct reference book and as a backbone for a graduate course on the subject.The closing part of the book includes a subject index and a glossary of terms. The latter was included not for the expert, for whom many of the definitions will be too general, but for the newcomer; the author hopes that the quick survey of key terms will help in the reading of this book.
Author: M.D. Hayward
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401115249
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 558
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Book Description
Our requirement for plant breeders to be successful has never been greater. However one views the forecasted numbers for future population growth we will need, in the immediate future, to be feeding, clothing and housing many more people than we do, inadequately, at present. Plant breeding represents the most valuable strategy in increasing our productivity in a way that is sustainable and environmentally sensitive. Plant breeding can rightly be considered as one of the oldest multidisciplinary subjects that is known to humans. It was practised by people who first started to carry out a settled form of agriculture. The art, as it must have been at that stage, was applied without any formal underlying framework, but achieved dramatic results, as witnessed by the forms of cultivated plants we have today. We are now learning how to apply successfully the results of yet imperfect scientific knowledge. This knowledge is, however, rapidly developing, particularly in areas of tissue culture, biotechnology and molecular biology. Plant breeding's inherent multifaceted nature means that alongside obvious subject areas like genetics we also need to consider areas such as: statistics, physiology, plant pathology, entomology, biochemistry, weed science, quality, seed characteristics, repro ductive biology, trial design, selection and computing. It therefore seems apparent that modern plant breeders need to have a grasp of wide range of scientific knowledge and expertise if they are successfully to a exploit the techniques, protocols and strategies which are open to them.
Author: Hans Lambers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9781402035883
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Author: Hans Lambers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402035896
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
Respiration in plants, as in all living organisms, is essential to provide metabolic energy and carbon skeletons for growth and maintenance. As such, respiration is an essential component of a plant’s carbon budget. Depending on species and environmental conditions, it consumes 25-75% of all the carbohydrates produced in photosynthesis – even more at extremely slow growth rates. Respiration in plants can also proceed in a manner that produces neither metabolic energy nor carbon skeletons, but heat. This type of respiration involves the cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase; it is unique to plants, and resides in the mitochondria. The activity of this alternative pathway can be measured based on a difference in fractionation of oxygen isotopes between the cytochrome and the alternative oxidase. Heat production is important in some flowers to attract pollinators; however, the alternative oxidase also plays a major role in leaves and roots of most plants. A common thread throughout this volume is to link respiration, including alternative oxidase activity, to plant functioning in different environments.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant physiology
Languages : en
Pages : 1030
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Book Description
