Physical Chemical Studies of the Kinetics and Energetics of the Nucleation and Growth of Calcium-containing Biominerals PDF Download
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ISBN:
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Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
The constant composition method was used to investigate the effect of polyaspartic acids on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) growth. Three larger molecular weight (ranging from 6000--35000) polymers were first used, and it was found that a polyaspartic acid with a molecular weight of 13000 had the highest effect. The ability to inhibit molecular growth is similar on a molar level to osteopontin, a protein commonly found in urine that has been shown to significantly inhibit calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth. The effect of three smaller weight (around 3000) polyaspartic acids was also investigated. However, at such low molecular weights, polyaspartic acid is unstable; amino acid spacers must be added to the polymer. The spacer used markedly affects the effectiveness of the copolymer towards the inhibition of COM crystal growth. A copolymer with serine spacers is most effective, followed by one with a phosphoserine spacer and then one with a glycine spacer, although all three are less effective than the three higher molecular weight polymers. Atomic force microscopy studies show that the polyaspartic acid with serine spacers is much more effective at inhibiting COM growth on the (010) and ( -101) faces than the copolymer with glycine spacers. Using a thin layer wicking technique, the interfacial energies of COM treated with various proteins and polyaspartic acids were determined. It was hoped that there would be a trend in either the Lewis base term and/or in the interfacial energy term that paralleled their effects on COM crystal growth (i.e. 13000 molecular weight polyaspartic acid would have a similar Lewis base term and/or interfacial energy). However, no trend was established. Constant composition experiments were also made in attempts to nucleate COM on dentin surfaces. The goal of these experiments was to nucleate COM crystals such that they occlude the open tubules in dentin (the condition in which a person has exposed tubules is called dentine sensitivity). At moderate supersaturations, COM crystals did nucleate on the surface of dentin disks. However, these crystals were not small enough and thus did not nucleate inside the tubules.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
The constant composition method was used to investigate the effect of polyaspartic acids on calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal (COM) growth. Three larger molecular weight (ranging from 6000--35000) polymers were first used, and it was found that a polyaspartic acid with a molecular weight of 13000 had the highest effect. The ability to inhibit molecular growth is similar on a molar level to osteopontin, a protein commonly found in urine that has been shown to significantly inhibit calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth. The effect of three smaller weight (around 3000) polyaspartic acids was also investigated. However, at such low molecular weights, polyaspartic acid is unstable; amino acid spacers must be added to the polymer. The spacer used markedly affects the effectiveness of the copolymer towards the inhibition of COM crystal growth. A copolymer with serine spacers is most effective, followed by one with a phosphoserine spacer and then one with a glycine spacer, although all three are less effective than the three higher molecular weight polymers. Atomic force microscopy studies show that the polyaspartic acid with serine spacers is much more effective at inhibiting COM growth on the (010) and ( -101) faces than the copolymer with glycine spacers. Using a thin layer wicking technique, the interfacial energies of COM treated with various proteins and polyaspartic acids were determined. It was hoped that there would be a trend in either the Lewis base term and/or in the interfacial energy term that paralleled their effects on COM crystal growth (i.e. 13000 molecular weight polyaspartic acid would have a similar Lewis base term and/or interfacial energy). However, no trend was established. Constant composition experiments were also made in attempts to nucleate COM on dentin surfaces. The goal of these experiments was to nucleate COM crystals such that they occlude the open tubules in dentin (the condition in which a person has exposed tubules is called dentine sensitivity). At moderate supersaturations, COM crystals did nucleate on the surface of dentin disks. However, these crystals were not small enough and thus did not nucleate inside the tubules.
Author: Denis Gebauer
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038970352
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Nucleation of Minerals: Precursors, Intermediates and Their Use in Materials Chemistry" that was published in Minerals
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030937331X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
In the last few decades great strides have been made in chemistry at the nanoscale, where the atomic granularity of matter and the exact positions of individual atoms are key determinants of structure and dynamics. Less attention, however, has been paid to the mesoscale-it is at this scale, in the range extending from large molecules (10 nm) through viruses to eukaryotic cells (10 microns), where interesting ensemble effects and the functionality that is critical to macroscopic phenomenon begins to manifest itself and cannot be described by laws on the scale of atoms and molecules alone. To further explore how knowledge about mesoscale phenomena can impact chemical research and development activities and vice versa, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the National Research Council convened a workshop on mesoscale chemistry in November 2014. With a focus on the research on chemical phenomena at the mesoscale, participants examined the opportunities that utilizing those behaviors can have for developing new catalysts, adding new functionality to materials, and increasing our understanding of biological and interfacial systems. The workshop also highlighted some of the challenges for analysis and description of mesoscale structures. This report summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop.
Author: Allison Ann Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Author: Erich Konigsberger
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470092114
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
This title takes an interdisciplinary approach to the central role of solubility in pathological biomineralisation, ranging from traditional thermodynamics and kinetics to unusual concepts such as the PILP process. The scientific background and expertise of the contributors, ranges accordingly from solubility modelling and database development, renal stone and bone implant research, Mössbauer spectroscopy and structural chemistry to biochemistry and crystallisation. The chapters all have a quantitative, physico-chemical component rather than giving purely phenomenological descriptions. The contributors deal with aspects and concepts that have not previously been common in the study of pathological biomineralisation processes.
Author: Kensuke Naka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540463798
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
In nature, biological organisms produce mineralized tissues such as bone, teeth, diatoms, and shells. Biomineralization is the sophisticated process of production of these inorganic minerals by living organisms. Construction of organic-inorganic hybrid materials with controlled mineralization analogous to those produced by nature has recently received much attention because it can aid in understanding the mechanisms of the biomineralization process and development of biomimetic materials processing. The biomineralization ? processes use aqueous solutions at temperatures below 100 C and no toxic intermediates are produced in these systems. From a serious global en- ronmental problem point of view, the development of processes inspired by biomineralization would offer valuable insights into material science and en- neering to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact. One of the most challenging scienti'c problems is to gain greater insight into the mol- ular interactions occurring at the interface between the inorganic mineral and the macromolecular organic matrix. Model systems are often regarded as a straight-forward experimental approach toward biomimetic crystallization. Hierarchical architectures consisting of small building blocks of inorganic cr- tals are often found in biominerals. Studies of nanocrystal self-organization in solution systems would also be helpful for understanding biomineralization. In these volumes, we focus on construction of organic-inorganic hybrid - terials with controlled mineralization inspired by natural biomineralization. In the'rst volume, thereader will ?nd contributionsproviding abasic scopeof the mineralization process in aqueous solution.
Author: Kazuyoshi Endo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811310025
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 393
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Book Description
This open access book is the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Biomineralization (BIOMIN XIV) held in 2017 at Tsukuba. Over the past 45 years, biomineralization research has unveiled details of the characteristics of the nano-structure of various biominerals; the formation mechanism of this nano-structure, including the initial stage of crystallization; and the function of organic matrices in biominerals, and this knowledge has been applied to dental, medical, pharmaceutical, materials, agricultural and environmental sciences and paleontology. As such, biomineralization is an important interdisciplinary research area, and further advances are expected in both fundamental and applied research.
Author: Jong Seto
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535100459
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Advanced Topics in Biomineralization is a compendium of current topics focusing on processes of formation, organization, as well as mineralization of novel structural materials. From enchondral ossification to the application of biomineralized cement, the subject of biomineralization encompasses a range of diverse disciplines including molecular biology, supramolecular chemistry, materials science and engineering. A common theme in all these areas of research in biomineralization is the ability to utilize strategies from Nature to create functional materials. By understanding Nature's tools to make strong and tough materials, similar properties can be endowed into man-made materials in the near future.
Author: Stephen Mann
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomineralization
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
Author: Kensuke Naka
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540463763
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Book Description
This series presents critical reviews of the present position and future trends in modern chemical research. The short and concise reports on chemistry are each written by world renowned experts. This series is still valid and useful after 5 or 10 years. More information as well as the electronic version of the whole content available at: springerlink.com.
