PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION FOR NOx ABATEMENT PDF Download
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
The ''Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Program'' and ''Ozone Non-Attainment Program'' in the 1990 Clean Air Act provide guidelines for controlling NOx (NO and NO2) emissions in new and existing stationary sources. NOx emissions have local (air quality), regional (acid rain), and global (ozone production) consequences. This study aids in developing the photocatalyst technology that has potential for use in abatement of NOx. The objective of the proposed project is to apply the principles of chemical engineering fundamentals--reaction kinetics, transport phenomena and thermodynamics--in the process design for a system that will utilize a photocatalytic reactor to oxidize NOx to nitric acid (HNO3). HNO3 can be more easily trapped than NOx on adsorbent surfaces or in water. The project dealt with the engineering aspect of the gas-solid heterogeneous oxidation of NOx. The experiments were conducted in a photocatalyst wash-coated glass flow tube reactor. A mathematical model was developed based on a rigorous description of the physical and chemical processes occurring in the reactor. The mathematical model took into account (1) intrinsic reaction kinetics (i.e., true reaction rates), (2) transport phenomena that deal with the mass transfer effects in the reactor, and (3) the geometry of the reactor. The experimental results were used for validation of the mathematical model that provides the basis for a versatile and reliable method for the purpose of design, scale-up and process control. The NOx abatement was successfully carried out in a flow tube reactor surrounded by black lights under the exploratory grant. Due to lack of funds, a comprehensive kinetic analysis for the photocatalytic reaction scheme could not be carried out. The initial experiments look very promising for use of photocatalysis for NOx abatement.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
The ''Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction Program'' and ''Ozone Non-Attainment Program'' in the 1990 Clean Air Act provide guidelines for controlling NOx (NO and NO2) emissions in new and existing stationary sources. NOx emissions have local (air quality), regional (acid rain), and global (ozone production) consequences. This study aids in developing the photocatalyst technology that has potential for use in abatement of NOx. The objective of the proposed project is to apply the principles of chemical engineering fundamentals--reaction kinetics, transport phenomena and thermodynamics--in the process design for a system that will utilize a photocatalytic reactor to oxidize NOx to nitric acid (HNO3). HNO3 can be more easily trapped than NOx on adsorbent surfaces or in water. The project dealt with the engineering aspect of the gas-solid heterogeneous oxidation of NOx. The experiments were conducted in a photocatalyst wash-coated glass flow tube reactor. A mathematical model was developed based on a rigorous description of the physical and chemical processes occurring in the reactor. The mathematical model took into account (1) intrinsic reaction kinetics (i.e., true reaction rates), (2) transport phenomena that deal with the mass transfer effects in the reactor, and (3) the geometry of the reactor. The experimental results were used for validation of the mathematical model that provides the basis for a versatile and reliable method for the purpose of design, scale-up and process control. The NOx abatement was successfully carried out in a flow tube reactor surrounded by black lights under the exploratory grant. Due to lack of funds, a comprehensive kinetic analysis for the photocatalytic reaction scheme could not be carried out. The initial experiments look very promising for use of photocatalysis for NOx abatement.
Author: Biju Raman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen oxides
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Jiang Wu
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811087504
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
This book introduces the theory and applications of nanometer photocatalysis, and it briefly presents the concept of photocatalysts, photocatalytic reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and photocatalytic reactor design. In addition, the use of photocatalysis in the control of flue-gas pollutants is discussed in detail. The book also describes how a photocatalytic reactor is designed and implemented to evaluate the photocatalytic oxidation capacity of different photocatalysts on elemental mercury in a simulated flue gas. After that, the effect of photocatalysts on the SO2, NOx and Hg removal in the flue gas is studied. Photocatalytic cleaning technology can be applied not only in gas pollutant cleaning at power plants, but also in wastewater purification. Readers gain a comprehensive understanding of possible mercury emission control methods and the industrial applications of these technologies.
Author: Xinchen Wang
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128190035
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Photocatalytic materials can improve the efficiency and sustainability of processes and offer novel ways to address issues across a wide range of fields—from sustainable chemistry and energy production to environmental remediation. Current Developments in Photocatalysis and Photocatalytic Materials provides an overview of the latest advances in this field, offering insight into the chemistry and activity of the latest generation of photocatalytic materials.After an introduction to photocatalysis and photocatalytic materials, this book goes on to outline a wide selection of photocatalytic materials, not only covering typical metal oxide photocatalysts such as TiO2 but also exploring newly developed organic semiconducting photocatalysts, such as g-C3N4.Drawing on the experience of an expert team of contributors, Current Developments in Photocatalysis and Photocatalytic Materials highlights the new horizons of photocatalysis, in which photocatalytic materials will come to play an important role in our day-to-day lives. - Reviews developments in both organic- and inorganic-based materials for use in photocatalysis - Presents the fundamental chemistry and activity of a broad range of key photocatalytic materials, including both typical and novel materials - Highlights the role photocatalytic materials can play in sustainable applications
Author: Stuart Anthony White
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
A study of the interactions of nitrogen oxides with TiO2 reveals that NO surface coverage is limited to tilda 3% and is dependant on the number of special Ti4+ sites available ( probably Ti4+CUS ). NO2 surface coverage is extensive being tilda 40% and is dependant on the number of 02- sites available. N20 surface coverage is limited to tilda 6% and the kinetics of the adsorption process indicate a possible charge-transfer chemisorption process. Photocatalytic mechanisms and surface species have been proposed. The use of ethanol as a sacrificial co-adsorbate has little effect on the adsorption of NO but reduces significantly the capacity of the surface to adsorb NO2. The subsequent rates of the photo-processes are similar to those found in the absence of adsorbed ethanol in which two molecules of NO(ads) produce gaseous N20. With ethanol however, the O-(ads) species created in the photo-formation of N20 then reacts with adsorbed ethanol to produce ethanal, ethanoic acid and water. Adsorbed water competes strongly for sites occupied by some of the adsorbed ethanol which results in its thermodynamic displacement to sites of lower energies and their release at lower temperatures in the desorption profiles. In the case of the photo-reaction involving N20(g), the production of N2g is thought to arise from an oxidation process involving an ethanol-reduced surface. Tio2 is firstly thermally reduced by strong ethanol chemisorption; N20 is then formed by the photo-process and N2 is finally released as a consequence of the re-oxidation of the reduced Tio2 surface.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Rajesh J. Tayade
Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
ISBN: 1945291591
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Book Description
Photocatalytic nanomaterials have a great potential in such applications as reduction of carbon dioxide and degradation of various pollutants. They are equally important in the production and storage of energy, e.g. in the conversion of solar energy to electricity, and the production of hydrogen in photoelectrochemical cells. Research on synthesis, characterization and specific applications is reported for titanium oxide and a number of other promising catalysts, such as silver phosphate, cerium oxide, zinc oxide and zinc sulfide.
Author: Shaoyu Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitric acid
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
Author: Shahryar Jafarinejad
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128094982
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Petroleum Waste Treatment and Pollution Control combines state-of-the-art and traditional treatment and control methods for removing, controlling, and treating problems, such as groundwater contamination, aromatics, oil, grease, organic removal, and VOCs. The book is divided into seven chapters, with the first briefly introducing readers to the petroleum industry. The second and third chapters explain wastes in the petroleum industry and focus on its environmental impact, its regulations, and protection options. Chapters four, five, and six discuss the treatment of air emissions, oily wastewater, solid wastes, and disposal methods.. The final chapter provides remediation processes. - Presents the latest methods for treating, controlling, and eliminating pollutants from air, water, and land that are a byproduct of petroleum industry operations - Covers the environmental impact of the petroleum industry and its regulations, explaining protection options - Includes treatment methods for both air, water, and solid waste disposal - Discusses remediation processes, including natural processes, pump and treat, soil flushing, soil vapor extraction (SVE), bioremediation, and excavation
Author: Juan Carlos Colmenares
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662487195
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
The book explains the principles and fundamentals of photocatalysis and highlights the current developments and future potential of the green-chemistry-oriented applications of various inorganic, organic, and hybrid photocatalysts. The book consists of eleven chapters, including the principles and fundamentals of heterogeneous photocatalysis; the mechanisms and dynamics of surface photocatalysis; research on TiO2-based composites with unique nanostructures; the latest developments and advances in exploiting photocatalyst alternatives to TiO2; and photocatalytic materials for applications other than the traditional degradation of pollutants, such as carbon dioxide reduction, water oxidation, a complete spectrum of selective organic transformations and water splitting by photocatalytic reduction. In addition, heterogeneized polyoxometalate materials for photocatalytic purposes and the proper design of photocatalytic reactors and modeling of light are also discussed. This book appeals to a wide readership of the academic and industrial researchers and it can also be used in the classroom for undergraduate and graduate students focusing on heterogeneous photocatalysis, sustainable chemistry, energy conversion and storage, nanotechnology, chemical engineering, environmental protection, optoelectronics, sensors, and surface and interface science. Juan Carlos Colmenares is a Professor at the Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland. Yi-Jun Xu is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, China.
