Performance-expectation Ratcheting, Corporate Governance and Earnings Management PDF Download
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Author: Feng Tian
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549716976
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
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Book Description
Asymmetric ratcheting means that a favorable performance variance (i.e., positive unexpected performance) in the prior year leads to a greater absolute change in the current year's performance expectation than does an unfavorable performance variance of the same magnitude. This study finds that asymmetric performance-expectation ratcheting is prevalent across publicly traded firms. It also finds that the extent of performance-expectation ratcheting is positively associated with the strength of external governance (i.e., shareholder rights). This paper also shows that such ratcheting affects earnings management decisions. Specifically, when a firm performs well in interim quarters (i.e., the first three fiscal quarters), managers facing intensive ratcheting attempt to decrease the reported earnings of the fourth quarter to build more "reserves" and rein in the increase of expectations for the future, compared to managers under little or no ratcheting. When underlying performance exceeds current performance expectations, managers under intensive ratcheting engage in income-decreasing accruals and real activities manipulation (i.e., sales manipulation, changes in discretionary expenses including R&D and SG&A, and underproduction). In addition, when there is a temporary earnings increase, managers facing intensive ratcheting tend to use real activities to manage earnings downward. The results are robust after controlling for various factors.
Author: Feng Tian
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780549716976
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Get Book Here
Book Description
Asymmetric ratcheting means that a favorable performance variance (i.e., positive unexpected performance) in the prior year leads to a greater absolute change in the current year's performance expectation than does an unfavorable performance variance of the same magnitude. This study finds that asymmetric performance-expectation ratcheting is prevalent across publicly traded firms. It also finds that the extent of performance-expectation ratcheting is positively associated with the strength of external governance (i.e., shareholder rights). This paper also shows that such ratcheting affects earnings management decisions. Specifically, when a firm performs well in interim quarters (i.e., the first three fiscal quarters), managers facing intensive ratcheting attempt to decrease the reported earnings of the fourth quarter to build more "reserves" and rein in the increase of expectations for the future, compared to managers under little or no ratcheting. When underlying performance exceeds current performance expectations, managers under intensive ratcheting engage in income-decreasing accruals and real activities manipulation (i.e., sales manipulation, changes in discretionary expenses including R&D and SG&A, and underproduction). In addition, when there is a temporary earnings increase, managers facing intensive ratcheting tend to use real activities to manage earnings downward. The results are robust after controlling for various factors.
Author: 湯惠雯
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
Author: Joshua Ronen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387257713
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 587
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Book Description
This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Author: Leonidas C. Doukakis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
This study examines the association between corporate governance and accruals earnings management using a Corporate Governance Index (CGI) consisting of 55 individual corporate governance measures. Prior literature has focused primarily on certain individual corporate governance measures, overlooking the multidimensional character of corporate governance. Based on a sample of firms listed on the Athens, Milan and Madrid Stock Exchanges, we find an inverse relationship between corporate governance and earnings management. Corporate governance provisions seem to constrain the tendency of management to manage earnings leading to higher credibility for financial statements. Additional tests suggest that the negative relationship holds for large and middle capitalization firms, but not for the small capitalization sample. In addition, corporate governance provisions limit upwards but not downwards earnings management. This study emphasizes the multilevel character of corporate governance and suggests the usage of comprehensive measures of corporate governance in the academic research. This study also stresses the importance of introducing corporate governance mechanisms in order to ensure the integrity of the financial reporting process. Practitioners are expected to evaluate the corporate governance provisions that each firm has put in place while policy makers are expected to mandate the application of a wide range of corporate governance mechanisms.
Author: Tom Copeland
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111816105X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
CEOs and managers live and die by delivering superior performance to shareholders. This is why expectations-based management has been developed. Outperform with Expectations-Based Management (EBM) introduces a revolutionary new performance metric that links performance standards, performance measurement, and the achievement of performance. It's easy to say that if a CEO can get performance measurement right, then performance improvement will follow. But what is the "right" measure of performance, and how do you use it to improve performance? Authors Tom Copeland and Aaron Dolgoff answer these questions and many more, as they show you how to find the measure of performance that has the strongest link to the creation of wealth for the owners of both public and private companies. They answer the puzzle of why growth in earnings is not correlated with shareholder returns and explain the under- and over-investment traps. And they explain how clear communications to investors and managers alike improve value. The bottom line is that share prices go up when companies exceed expectations -- short-term and long-term -- of income statement and balance sheet performance and daily operating value drivers. Gain a complete understanding of EBM and discover how to do this, and much more, while staying competitive in an unforgiving business environment.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 634
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Book Description
Author: Ademola Akinteye
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 334607871X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 862
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Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2015 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: Great Distinction, UGSM-Monarch Business School Switzerland (Accounting and Finance), course: Doctor of Philosophy in Finance, language: English, abstract: The dissertation examined Earnings Management and Corporate Governance Governance Practices of the firms that are listed on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The researcher investigated the published financial statements of all the listed companies across all the sectors of the exchange using empirical quantitative research methods. Al the variables of earnings management were extracted from the published annual financial statements and Directors Annual Reports through Content Analysis. The paper further explored all the variables of corporate governance as published by the Directors in the Annual Reports in the Financial Statements and through a face to face recorded interviews of the members of the Board of Directors, the members of the Audit Committees and the Heads of Internal Audit Functions in the Listed Public Companies. The study documented that companies that are listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange are involved in both the upward and downward earnings management practices. This findings cut across all the Sectors and categorization of the companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research thus recommended the need for better oversight by the Board of Directors, the Audit Committee and the Market Regulators mainly the Security and Exchange Commission and the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The findings of the Research on Corporate Governance is mixed. In certain sectors, evidence of strong corporate governance are documented as reflected in the quality of Board Members, the Quality of the deliberations at the Board meetings, the independence of the Board, the independence of the Audit Committee and the independence and effectiveness of the Head of the Internal Audit function measured by the reporting line of the holder of this role. In some sectors, the ingredients of strong corporate governance were missing thus suggesting a need for a more stricter regime of corporate governance to be implemented in these corporations.
Author: Yaser Youssif
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Martin Fahy
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470013044
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
Following a series of corporate scandals, legislators have company executives in their sights, and are arming themselves with ever-greater regulatory firepower. All agree that good governance is essential - but must not be allowed to stifle business performance. Beyond Governance develops the concept of Enterprise Governance, an emerging framework which unites Performance, Conformance and Corporate Responsibility and shows how addressing all of these areas in a concerted, coordinated fashion will deliver value to the organisation and its stakeholders. In particular, it focuses on the skills, processes and systems that are required to deliver excellence in each of these areas, giving readers a practical insight into the issues and an understanding of best practice in each area. Many firms are rethinking their finance activities in the light of e-commerce, shared service centres, business intelligence technology and cost pressures. Beyond Governance explores the challenge of building a modern, flexible finance function, describing the emerging role of the new CFO and how finance professionals should respond to this new business environment.
Author: Lucian A. Bebchuk
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674020634
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 308
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Book Description
The company is under-performing, its share price is trailing, and the CEO gets...a multi-million-dollar raise. This story is familiar, for good reason: as this book clearly demonstrates, structural flaws in corporate governance have produced widespread distortions in executive pay. Pay without Performance presents a disconcerting portrait of managers' influence over their own pay--and of a governance system that must fundamentally change if firms are to be managed in the interest of shareholders. Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried demonstrate that corporate boards have persistently failed to negotiate at arm's length with the executives they are meant to oversee. They give a richly detailed account of how pay practices--from option plans to retirement benefits--have decoupled compensation from performance and have camouflaged both the amount and performance-insensitivity of pay. Executives' unwonted influence over their compensation has hurt shareholders by increasing pay levels and, even more importantly, by leading to practices that dilute and distort managers' incentives. This book identifies basic problems with our current reliance on boards as guardians of shareholder interests. And the solution, the authors argue, is not merely to make these boards more independent of executives as recent reforms attempt to do. Rather, boards should also be made more dependent on shareholders by eliminating the arrangements that entrench directors and insulate them from their shareholders. A powerful critique of executive compensation and corporate governance, Pay without Performance points the way to restoring corporate integrity and improving corporate performance.
