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Author: Michael Lynch
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262620765
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
The essays in this book provide an excellent introduction to the means by which scientists convey their ideas. While diverse in their subject matter, the essays are unified in asserting that scientists compose and use particular representations in contextually organized and contextually sensitive ways, and that these representations - particularly visual displays such as graphs, diagrams, photographs, and drawings - depend for their meaning on the complex activities in which they are situated.The topics include sociological orientations to representational practice, representation and the realist-constructivist controversy, the fixation of evidence, time and documents in researcher interaction, selection and mathematization in the visual documentation of objects in the life sciences, the use of illustrations in texts (E.0. Wilson's Sociobiology, a field guide to the birds), representing practice in cognitive science, the iconography of scientific texts, and semiotic analysis of scientific, representation.The contributors are K. Amann, Ronald Amerine, Françoise Bastide, Jack Bilmes, K. Knorr, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Greg Meyers, Lucy A. Suchman, Paul Tibbetts, Steve Woolgar, and Steven Yearley.Michael Lynch is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Boston University. Steve Woolgar is at the Centre for Research into Innovation Culture, and Technology at Brunel University, Uxbridge, England
Author: Michael Lynch
Publisher: Mit Press
ISBN: 9780262620765
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
The essays in this book provide an excellent introduction to the means by which scientists convey their ideas. While diverse in their subject matter, the essays are unified in asserting that scientists compose and use particular representations in contextually organized and contextually sensitive ways, and that these representations - particularly visual displays such as graphs, diagrams, photographs, and drawings - depend for their meaning on the complex activities in which they are situated.The topics include sociological orientations to representational practice, representation and the realist-constructivist controversy, the fixation of evidence, time and documents in researcher interaction, selection and mathematization in the visual documentation of objects in the life sciences, the use of illustrations in texts (E.0. Wilson's Sociobiology, a field guide to the birds), representing practice in cognitive science, the iconography of scientific texts, and semiotic analysis of scientific, representation.The contributors are K. Amann, Ronald Amerine, Françoise Bastide, Jack Bilmes, K. Knorr, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Greg Meyers, Lucy A. Suchman, Paul Tibbetts, Steve Woolgar, and Steven Yearley.Michael Lynch is Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology at Boston University. Steve Woolgar is at the Centre for Research into Innovation Culture, and Technology at Brunel University, Uxbridge, England
Author: Catelijne Coopmans
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262525380
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 381
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Book Description
A fresh approach to visualization practices in the sciences that considers novel forms of imaging technology and draws on recent theoretical perspectives on representation. Representation in Scientific Practice, published by the MIT Press in 1990, helped coalesce a long-standing interest in scientific visualization among historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and remains a touchstone for current investigations in science and technology studies. This volume revisits the topic, taking into account both the changing conceptual landscape of STS and the emergence of new imaging technologies in scientific practice. It offers cutting-edge research on a broad array of fields that study information as well as short reflections on the evolution of the field by leading scholars, including some of the contributors to the 1990 volume. The essays consider the ways in which viewing experiences are crafted in the digital era; the embodied nature of work with digital technologies; the constitutive role of materials and technologies—from chalkboards to brain scans—in the production of new scientific knowledge; the metaphors and images mobilized by communities of practice; and the status and significance of scientific imagery in professional and popular culture. Contributors Morana Alač, Michael Barany, Anne Beaulieu, Annamaria Carusi, Catelijne Coopmans, Lorraine Daston, Sarah de Rijcke, Joseph Dumit, Emma Frow, Yann Giraud, Aud Sissel Hoel, Martin Kemp, Bruno Latour, John Law, Michael Lynch, Donald MacKenzie, Cyrus Mody, Natasha Myers, Rachel Prentice, Arie Rip, Martin Ruivenkamp, Lucy Suchman, Janet Vertesi, Steve Woolgar
Author: James Nguyen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1009007343
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
This Element presents a philosophical exploration of the notion of scientific representation. It does so by focussing on an important class of scientific representations, namely scientific models. Models are important in the scientific process because scientists can study a model to discover features of reality. But what does it mean for something to represent something else? This is the question discussed in this Element. The authors begin by disentangling different aspects of the problem of representation and then discuss the dominant accounts in the philosophical literature: the resemblance view and inferentialism. They find them both wanting and submit that their own preferred option, the so-called DEKI account, not only eschews the problems that beset these conceptions, but further provides a comprehensive answer to the question of how scientific representation works. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319305263
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1179
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Book Description
This handbook offers the first comprehensive reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning. It highlights the role of models as mediators between theory and experimentation, and as educational devices, as well as their relevance in testing hypotheses and explanatory functions. The Springer Handbook merges philosophical, cognitive and epistemological perspectives on models with the more practical needs related to the application of this tool across various disciplines and practices. The result is a unique, reliable source of information that guides readers toward an understanding of different aspects of model-based science, such as the theoretical and cognitive nature of models, as well as their practical and logical aspects. The inferential role of models in hypothetical reasoning, abduction and creativity once they are constructed, adopted, and manipulated for different scientific and technological purposes is also discussed. Written by a group of internationally renowned experts in philosophy, the history of science, general epistemology, mathematics, cognitive and computer science, physics and life sciences, as well as engineering, architecture, and economics, this Handbook uses numerous diagrams, schemes and other visual representations to promote a better understanding of the concepts. This also makes it highly accessible to an audience of scholars and students with different scientific backgrounds. All in all, the Springer Handbook of Model-Based Science represents the definitive application-oriented reference guide to the interdisciplinary field of model-based reasoning.
Author: Léna Soler
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317935365
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 355
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Book Description
In the 1980s, philosophical, historical and social studies of science underwent a change which later evolved into a turn to practice. Analysts of science were asked to pay attention to scientific practices in meticulous detail and along multiple dimensions, including the material, social and psychological. Following this turn, the interest in scientific practices continued to increase and had an indelible influence in the various fields of science studies. No doubt, the practice turn changed our conceptions and approaches of science, but what did it really teach us? What does it mean to study scientific practices? What are the general lessons, implications, and new challenges? This volume explores questions about the practice turn using both case studies and theoretical analysis. The case studies examine empirical and mathematical sciences, including the engineering sciences. The volume promotes interactions between acknowledged experts from different, often thought of as conflicting, orientations. It presents contributions in conjunction with critical commentaries that put the theses and assumptions of the former in perspective. Overall, the book offers a unique and diverse range of perspectives on the meanings, methods, lessons, and challenges associated with the practice turn.
Author: Robert Goldstone
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135067163
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
This special issue of Cognitive Science honors the research and mentorship contributions of Dr. John R. Anderson, the 2004 David E. Rumelhart Prize recipient whose research has provided the field of cognitive psychology with comprehensive and integrative theories, and has had a practical impact on educational practice in the classroom and on student achievement in learning mathematics. The David E. Rumelhart Prize is awarded annually to an individual or collaborative team making a significant contemporary contribution to the formal analysis of human cognition. For three decades, Dr. Anderson has been engaged in a vigorous research program with the goal of developing a computational theory of mind. The diverse articles in this issue feature work by Dr. Anderson's students, colleagues, and collaborators, illustrating that it is possible to impact education with rigorous stimulation of human cognition.
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Publisher: American Bar Association
ISBN: 9781590318737
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author: Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226825329
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
"Esteemed historian and philosopher of science Hans-Jörg Rheinberger explores the incredible diversity of scientific experimentation in his new book, which extends his ground-breaking epistemological studies of the life sciences and the experimental practices that have made them so productive. Rheinberger explores the materiality of experiment, of its objects and instruments, the construction of models, and myriad ways of making things visible. The first part of the book is devoted to the circumstances and conditions that give the process of experimentation its structural cachet and make it a device from which novelty can emerge. Then, in the second part, Rheinberger focuses on the relations that experimental systems develop among each other, specifically their characteristic temporal, spatial, and narrative dimensions. The concepts that guide his investigation emerge through accessible examples, most of which are drawn from molecular biology, including from the author's own laboratory notebooks from his years researching ribosomes. This is a tour de force by one of today's most influential theorists of scientific practice"--
Author: Lorenzo Magnani
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319389831
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 674
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Book Description
This book discusses how scientific and other types of cognition make use of models, abduction, and explanatory reasoning in order to produce important or creative changes in theories and concepts. It includes revised contributions presented during the international conference on Model-Based Reasoning (MBR’015), held on June 25-27 in Sestri Levante, Italy. The book is divided into three main parts, the first of which focuses on models, reasoning and representation. It highlights key theoretical concepts from an applied perspective, addressing issues concerning information visualization, experimental methods and design. The second part goes a step further, examining abduction, problem solving and reasoning. The respective contributions analyze different types of reasoning, discussing various concepts of inference and creativity and their relationship with experimental data. In turn, the third part reports on a number of historical, epistemological and technological issues. By analyzing possible contradictions in modern research and describing representative case studies in experimental research, this part aims at fostering new discussions and stimulating new ideas. All in all, the book provides researchers and graduate students in the field of applied philosophy, epistemology, cognitive science and artificial intelligence alike with an authoritative snapshot of current theories and applications of model-based reasoning.
Author: Gershon Tenenbaum
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119568080
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1385
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Book Description
4. Auflage dieses Klassikers und führenden Referenzwerks aus dem Bereich Sport-, Bewegungs- und Leistungspsychologie Die vollständige neue Ausgabe des Handbook of Sports Psychology, jetzt in 2 Bänden und mit unzähligen neuen Kapitel renommierter Wissenschaftler des Fachgebiets, greift auf eine Riege von Experten und Wissenschaftlern zurück, die ihr Wissen nach dem neuesten Forschungsstand in diesem gründlichen und zugänglichen Referenzwerk zusammenfassen. Die Publikation wird auch von der International Society of Sport Psychology unterstützt und ist eine unschätzbare Quelle für theoretische und praktische Informationen, mit denen sich die Rolle der Psychologie im Zusammenhang mit Sport, Bewegung und Leistung besser verstehen lässt und die zeigen, wie dieses Verständnis für die Ergebnisverbesserung in der Praxis Anwendung findet. Die 4. Auflage des Handbook of Sports Psychology präsentiert in acht Abschnitten neue Informationen zu neuen Gebieten, wie Achtsamkeit, Hirnkartierung, Selbstbewusstsein, mentale Stärke, und behandelt Spezialthemen wie Geschlecht, kulturelle Diversität, Sportler mit Behinderungen, Alkohol und Drogen im Sport. Darüber hinaus werden klassische Themen erörtert, z. B. Motivationsauslöser für sportliche Leistungen, Druck als Ansporn, Topathleten und ihr Umgang mit Führungsrollen, Bedeutung von mentalem Training, Umgang mit Verletzungen u.v.m. - 4. Auflage diese einflussreichen Referenzwerks der Sportpsychologie. - Neue Inhalte, u. a. Achtsamkeit in der Sport- und Bewegungspsychologie, Ethik, mentale Stärke, Sportsozialisierung, Einsatz von Brain-Technologien in der Praxis. - Unterstützt von der International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP). Die 4. Auflage des Handbook of Sports Psychology ist ein Muss für Studenten und Praktiker, die sich für Sportpsychologie interessieren.
