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Author: Jennifer Cotto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Since 1980 the prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled worldwide, with at least 2.8 million yearly adult deaths attributed to obesity-related complications (“WHO | Obesity and overweight,” n.d.). Results from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate that 31.80% of children, 2 to 19 years of age, were overweight or obese, with African American children having the second highest prevalence (20.20%) when compared to their Asian (8.60%), Caucasian (14.10%) and Hispanic (22.40%) peers (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). Similarly, African American adults ( 20 yeas-old) had the highest obesity prevalence (47.80%) when compared to their Asian (10.90%), Caucasian (33.40%) and Hispanic (42.00%) peers (Ogden et al., 2014). Physical Activity (PA) has been established as a promising method in weight management and obesity prevention (“Physical Activity for Everyone,” n.d.). However, the majority of adults and children are not physically active (“CDC - Facts - Data - Physical Activity - DNPAO,” n.d.), this is especially evident among minority populations (National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2012; “NHIS - Advance Data Reports,” n.d.). Specifically in 2007, 62.10% of African American children did not get the daily recommended amount of vigorous PA, which was only second to Hispanic children (69.30%) (National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2012). African American adults are also less physically active when compared to their Caucasians and Hispanic peers (“NHIS - Advance Data Reports,” n.d.). Therefore, it is of outmost importance to find ways to reduce this trend and increase PA behaviors, defined as PA frequency, perceived support for PA, and PA barriers, within African American families. Researchers have shown that PA behaviors in both children and adults are associated with the parent-child relationship (Chang, Nitzke, Guilford, Adair, & Hazard, 2008; Edwardson & Gorely, 2010; Fawcett, Garton, & Dandy, 2009; Hamilton & White, 2010; Hinkle, Kirschenbaum, Pecora, & Germann, 2011; Lopez-Dicastillo, Grande, & Callery, 2013; Madsen, McCulloch, & Crawford, 2009; McElroy, 2002; Puglisi, Okely, Pearson, & Vialle, 2010; Wilson, Lawman, Segal, & Chappell, 2011). This is even more meaningful within the African American community given their interdependent and collectivist family culture (McAdoo, 2007). Therefore, the present study focused on describing African American primary parents (or caregivers) PA behaviors and how parental factors are associated with children’s perception of parental support for PA and their weight status. Similar to previous research, it was found that parental behaviors such as parental modeling (Madsen et al., 2009), parental perceived support for their child’s PA (Edwardson & Gorely, 2010; Wilson et al., 2011) and parental stated barriers for their child to be physically active (Adachi-Mejia et al., 2010; Hamilton & White, 2010; Lopez-Dicastillo et al., 2013; Puglisi et al., 2010; Thompson, 2010) were associated with their children’s perception of parental support for PA. However, little support was found for associations between the child’s weight status and their primary parents’ PA behaviors and weight status. Consequently, future research studies focused on African American parents and or children’s PA behaviors should include the nuclear and extended family members, given that PA behaviors are learned and encouraged or discouraged within the family. In addition, measuring the family members PA behaviors can help explore the bi-directional relationship that each family member has on each other’s PA behaviors.
Author: Jennifer Cotto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Since 1980 the prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled worldwide, with at least 2.8 million yearly adult deaths attributed to obesity-related complications (“WHO | Obesity and overweight,” n.d.). Results from the 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) indicate that 31.80% of children, 2 to 19 years of age, were overweight or obese, with African American children having the second highest prevalence (20.20%) when compared to their Asian (8.60%), Caucasian (14.10%) and Hispanic (22.40%) peers (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, & Flegal, 2014). Similarly, African American adults ( 20 yeas-old) had the highest obesity prevalence (47.80%) when compared to their Asian (10.90%), Caucasian (33.40%) and Hispanic (42.00%) peers (Ogden et al., 2014). Physical Activity (PA) has been established as a promising method in weight management and obesity prevention (“Physical Activity for Everyone,” n.d.). However, the majority of adults and children are not physically active (“CDC - Facts - Data - Physical Activity - DNPAO,” n.d.), this is especially evident among minority populations (National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2012; “NHIS - Advance Data Reports,” n.d.). Specifically in 2007, 62.10% of African American children did not get the daily recommended amount of vigorous PA, which was only second to Hispanic children (69.30%) (National Center for Health Statistics (US), 2012). African American adults are also less physically active when compared to their Caucasians and Hispanic peers (“NHIS - Advance Data Reports,” n.d.). Therefore, it is of outmost importance to find ways to reduce this trend and increase PA behaviors, defined as PA frequency, perceived support for PA, and PA barriers, within African American families. Researchers have shown that PA behaviors in both children and adults are associated with the parent-child relationship (Chang, Nitzke, Guilford, Adair, & Hazard, 2008; Edwardson & Gorely, 2010; Fawcett, Garton, & Dandy, 2009; Hamilton & White, 2010; Hinkle, Kirschenbaum, Pecora, & Germann, 2011; Lopez-Dicastillo, Grande, & Callery, 2013; Madsen, McCulloch, & Crawford, 2009; McElroy, 2002; Puglisi, Okely, Pearson, & Vialle, 2010; Wilson, Lawman, Segal, & Chappell, 2011). This is even more meaningful within the African American community given their interdependent and collectivist family culture (McAdoo, 2007). Therefore, the present study focused on describing African American primary parents (or caregivers) PA behaviors and how parental factors are associated with children’s perception of parental support for PA and their weight status. Similar to previous research, it was found that parental behaviors such as parental modeling (Madsen et al., 2009), parental perceived support for their child’s PA (Edwardson & Gorely, 2010; Wilson et al., 2011) and parental stated barriers for their child to be physically active (Adachi-Mejia et al., 2010; Hamilton & White, 2010; Lopez-Dicastillo et al., 2013; Puglisi et al., 2010; Thompson, 2010) were associated with their children’s perception of parental support for PA. However, little support was found for associations between the child’s weight status and their primary parents’ PA behaviors and weight status. Consequently, future research studies focused on African American parents and or children’s PA behaviors should include the nuclear and extended family members, given that PA behaviors are learned and encouraged or discouraged within the family. In addition, measuring the family members PA behaviors can help explore the bi-directional relationship that each family member has on each other’s PA behaviors.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309388570
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
Decades of research have demonstrated that the parent-child dyad and the environment of the familyâ€"which includes all primary caregiversâ€"are at the foundation of children's well- being and healthy development. From birth, children are learning and rely on parents and the other caregivers in their lives to protect and care for them. The impact of parents may never be greater than during the earliest years of life, when a child's brain is rapidly developing and when nearly all of her or his experiences are created and shaped by parents and the family environment. Parents help children build and refine their knowledge and skills, charting a trajectory for their health and well-being during childhood and beyond. The experience of parenting also impacts parents themselves. For instance, parenting can enrich and give focus to parents' lives; generate stress or calm; and create any number of emotions, including feelings of happiness, sadness, fulfillment, and anger. Parenting of young children today takes place in the context of significant ongoing developments. These include: a rapidly growing body of science on early childhood, increases in funding for programs and services for families, changing demographics of the U.S. population, and greater diversity of family structure. Additionally, parenting is increasingly being shaped by technology and increased access to information about parenting. Parenting Matters identifies parenting knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with positive developmental outcomes in children ages 0-8; universal/preventive and targeted strategies used in a variety of settings that have been effective with parents of young children and that support the identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices; and barriers to and facilitators for parents' use of practices that lead to healthy child outcomes as well as their participation in effective programs and services. This report makes recommendations directed at an array of stakeholders, for promoting the wide-scale adoption of effective programs and services for parents and on areas that warrant further research to inform policy and practice. It is meant to serve as a roadmap for the future of parenting policy, research, and practice in the United States.
Author: Jennifer A. O'Dea
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199572917
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
Childhood obesity is an international public health concern, with a high profile in both the media and government policy. Controversial issues in the prevention of childhood obesity need to be considered early in the development of school, clinical or community prevention programs, as these issues are often the ones that promote the success or failure of attempts to ameliorate the problem at hand. This book combines health education theory, research, and practice to guide researchers, students, educators, community health workers and practitioners in the prevention of childhood obesity and the promotion of child and adolescent health and well-being. It examines controversy in childhood obesity, including the link with poverty and the difficulty of addressing obesity whilst also tackling the issue of eating disorders. The prevalence of childhood obesity is covered, with international chapters examining the importance of factors such as social class and ethnic differences, and global and local trends are identified. Approaches to prevention are presented, and the book concludes with the successful outcome of various interventions, demonstrating how the whole school community can collaborate to promote health among young people.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309149894
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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Book Description
To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.
Author: Alan L. Smith
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 1492584282
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 516
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Book Description
As interest in the public health challenge of youth inactivity increases, the ambitious Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior sets a standard for addressing a problem with worldwide implications. Drawing on the contributions of a diverse group of international experts, this reference challenges professionals, researchers, and students to implement new solutions and further their research and work. No other text addresses the causes, contributing factors, and fundamental issues in dealing with youth physical activity with such depth or comprehensive coverage. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior breaks away from traditional thinking that places activity and sedentary behavior on a single continuum, which may limit progress in addressing youth inactivity. Instead, the authors encourage readers to focus on how sedentary and physically active behaviors coexist and consider how the two behaviors may have different determinants. In doing so, the text also considers developmental features such as maturation, ethnicity, environment, and genetics across both childhood (through age 12) and adolescence (the teen years). By looking at a variety of psychosocial and epidemiological factors, the authors set the stage for a critical analysis of beliefs and views at a time when many assumptions are taken for granted. This book is organized in three parts that build on one another to deepen readers’ understanding of this complex problem. This text begins by addressing the fundamental issues and assumptions pertaining to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior, covering such topics as measurement of the behavior in question, health outcomes, concepts, and trends in a public health context. Once readers have grasped this foundational knowledge, they advance to part II for a comprehensive account of personal factors likely to be associated with the problem. Part III moves beyond the individual into the wider social and contextual aspects of physically active and sedentary living in young people. Through this concluding part, readers gain the latest thinking on how parents, peers, schools, organized sport, and related factors link to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior. Each chapter presents the latest theory and research, real-world approaches to implementation, and background information to encourage discussion and future directions in national policy making. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior also contains the following features that add to an unprecedented learning experience: •An at-a-glance look at why and how research can be used in the real world helps researchers relate their work to overall solutions. •Coverage of more issues related to this subject than are available in any other reference makes this a one-stop resource. •Internationally respected foreword writer, editors, and contributors provide a cross-disciplinary perspective valuable for putting solutions into a wider context. •Applications for Professionals boxes and Applications for Researchers boxes at the end of each chapter provide practical suggestions for implementing solutions. Youth Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: Challenges and Solutions considers current research about youth physical activity and sedentary behavior across a range of personal factors as well as cultural and social influences. The text communicates the knowledge base on developmental, economic, psychological, and social factors related to youth physical activity and sedentary behavior and provides an overview of youth-specific approaches to addressing the problem of inactivity among youth.
Author: Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309283140
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents.
Author: Cynthia Peltier Coviak
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 504
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Book Description
Author: Rod K. Dishman
Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 424
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Book Description
This text examines trends in physical activity, aerobic fitness in teenagers and older adults, the role of physical activity in weight loss, new technology, marketing techniques and perspectives on behaviour intervention strategies in exercise programming and views on habitual exercise.
Author: Antje Hebestreit
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039216007
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
In recent years, diet- and lifestyle-related disorders have become a major health threat in Europe and worldwide. The contributions in this monograph include 2 review articles and 19 original contributions from several countries that provide new information on the existing research elucidating important aspects of children’s and adolescents’ nutrition and lifestyle behavior. The data included in this Special Issue are from large epidemiological studies, including several multicenter and multinational studies, as well as datasets from surveillance initiatives. The topics of interest of this Special Issue include the co-occurrence of multiple health behaviors in children, the role of parenting and early feeding practices, dairy consumption in childhood, validity of dietary intake data, dietary supplement use in children, as well as socioeconomic disparities and eating culture. The diverse articles in this Special Issue highlight the complexity and extent to which nutrition and physical activity behaviors may influence different health aspects of children and adolescents. As seen by the various findings and recommendations, not only is more work in this area required but the translation of this work to practice and policy is imperative if we are to address the challenges impacting the nutrition, physical activity, and health of young populations.
Author: Carla Adkison-Johnson
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1793620946
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
In Child Discipline in African American Families, Carla Adikison-Johnson provides a contextual understanding of African American disciplinary practices, giving clinicians, child welfare professionals, and legal professionals a framework to better define what is reasonable and functional when addressing child rearing concerns with African American parents. Highlighting numerous sources, cases, narratives, and data, Adkison-Johnson debunks the theory that spanking is the preferred method of child discipline for African American parents and provides new insights into how African American parents grapple with establishing parenting goals and child behavior expectations in a society that is often hostile toward African American children. Accompanied by the perspectives of a seasoned trial lawyer, the arguments in this book are brought to life, enabling readers to witness how child rearing concerns can play out in a real-world context.
