P and S Wave Velocity and VP/VS in the Wake of the Yellowstone Hot Spot PDF Download
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Author: Derek Leigh Schutt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth (Planet)
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Seismic V P , V S , and V P /V S structure is imaged across the Yellowstone hot spot swell, including the hot spot track where magmatism occurred at the eastern Snake River Plain 610 m.y. B.P. Data are teleseismic P and S travel time delays that have been corrected for the well-understood upper mantle anisotropy and crustal structure. Amplitude variations in the imaged structures are 6.2%, 11.2%, and 8% for V P , V S , and V P /V S , respectively. The dominant structure is a zone which extends beneath the Snake River Plain to a depth of 190 km that is high in V P /V S and low in V P and V S . The physical state of the upper mantle is inferred by assuming isostasy, using the volume of melt segregated from the mantle that is inferred from estimates of magma addition to the crust, and using relations that scale changes in temperature, partial melt fraction and composition to density. Specifically, we infer that the low-velocity mantle beneath the Snake River Plain is partially molten up to 1.0%, and the high-velocity Yellowstone swell mantle away from the Snake River Plain is 80 K cooler and 5% depleted in basaltic component. The imaged large seismic velocity variations occur under near isothermal conditions.
Author: Derek Leigh Schutt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earth (Planet)
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
Seismic V P , V S , and V P /V S structure is imaged across the Yellowstone hot spot swell, including the hot spot track where magmatism occurred at the eastern Snake River Plain 610 m.y. B.P. Data are teleseismic P and S travel time delays that have been corrected for the well-understood upper mantle anisotropy and crustal structure. Amplitude variations in the imaged structures are 6.2%, 11.2%, and 8% for V P , V S , and V P /V S , respectively. The dominant structure is a zone which extends beneath the Snake River Plain to a depth of 190 km that is high in V P /V S and low in V P and V S . The physical state of the upper mantle is inferred by assuming isostasy, using the volume of melt segregated from the mantle that is inferred from estimates of magma addition to the crust, and using relations that scale changes in temperature, partial melt fraction and composition to density. Specifically, we infer that the low-velocity mantle beneath the Snake River Plain is partially molten up to 1.0%, and the high-velocity Yellowstone swell mantle away from the Snake River Plain is 80 K cooler and 5% depleted in basaltic component. The imaged large seismic velocity variations occur under near isothermal conditions.
Author: Gillian R. Foulger
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 0813724309
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1012
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Book Description
Presents a collection of papers discussing various hypotheses and models of planetary plumes.
Author: David A. Yuen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402057504
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
This abundantly illustrated book provides a concise overview of our understanding of the entire mantle, its evolution since early differentiation and the consequences of superplumes for earth surface processes. The book’s balanced authorship has produced a state-of-the-science report on the emerging concept of superplumes. This presents a new concept to explain catastrophic events on Earth through geologic time.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444538038
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 5604
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Book Description
Treatise on Geophysics, Second Edition, is a comprehensive and in-depth study of the physics of the Earth beyond what any geophysics text has provided previously. Thoroughly revised and updated, it provides fundamental and state-of-the-art discussion of all aspects of geophysics. A highlight of the second edition is a new volume on Near Surface Geophysics that discusses the role of geophysics in the exploitation and conservation of natural resources and the assessment of degradation of natural systems by pollution. Additional features include new material in the Planets and Moon, Mantle Dynamics, Core Dynamics, Crustal and Lithosphere Dynamics, Evolution of the Earth, and Geodesy volumes. New material is also presented on the uses of Earth gravity measurements. This title is essential for professionals, researchers, professors, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in the fields of Geophysics and Earth system science. Comprehensive and detailed coverage of all aspects of geophysics Fundamental and state-of-the-art discussions of all research topics Integration of topics into a coherent whole
Author: Barbara Romanowicz
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444535756
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 873
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Book Description
Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Author: Stephen P. Reidel
Publisher: Geological Society of America
ISBN: 081372497X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
The Miocene Columbia River flood basalt province covers ~210,000 km2 of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, and forms part of a larger volcanic region that also includes contemporaneous silicic centers in northern Nevada, the basaltic and time-transgressive rhyolitic volcanic fields of the Snake River Plain and Yellowstone plateau, and the High Lava Plains of central Oregon. The Columbia River flood basalt province is accessible and well exposed, making it one of the best-studied flood basalt provinces worldwide, and it serves as a model for understanding the stratigraphic development and petrogenesis of large igneous provinces through time. This volume details our current knowledge of the stratigraphy and physical volcanology; extent, volume, and age of the lava flows; the tectonic setting and history of the province; the petrogenesis of the lavas; and hydrogeology of the basalt aquifers.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 534
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Book Description
Author: Gregory Phillip Waite
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthquake zone
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
[1] The movement of the lithosphere over a stationary mantle magmatic source, often thought to be a mantle plume, explains key features of the 16 Ma Yellowstone?Snake River Plain volcanic system. However, the seismic signature of a Yellowstone plume has remained elusive because of the lack of adequate data. We employ new teleseismic P and S wave traveltime data to develop tomographic images of the Yellowstone hot spot upper mantle. The teleseismic data were recorded with two temporary seismograph arrays deployed in a 500 km by 600 km area centered on Yellowstone. Additional data from nearby regional seismic networks were incorporated into the data set. The VP and VS models reveal a strong low-velocity anomaly from ~50 to 200 km directly beneath the Yellowstone caldera and eastern Snake River Plain, as has been imaged in previous studies. Peak anomalies are -2.3% for VP and -5.5% for VS. A weaker, anomaly with a velocity perturbation of up to -1.0% VP and -2.5% VS continues to at least 400 km depth. This anomaly dips 30° from vertical, west-northwest to a location beneath the northern Rocky Mountains. We interpret the low-velocity body as a plume of upwelling hot, and possibly wet rock, from the mantle transition zone that promotes small-scale convection in the upper ~200 km of the mantle and long-lived volcanism. A high-velocity anomaly, 1.2% VP and 1.9% VS, is located at ~100 to 250 km depth southeast of Yellowstone and may represent a downwelling of colder, denser mantle material.
Author: Gerald Schubert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 880
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Book Description
The Treatise on geophysics is the only comprehensive, state-of-the-art, and integrated summary of the present state of geophysics. Offering an array of articles from some of the top scientists around the world, this 11-volume work deals with all major parts of solid-Earth geophysics, including a volume on the terrestrial planets and moons in our Solar System. This major reference work will aid researchers, advanced undergrad and graduate students, as well as professionals in cutting-edge research.
Author: Jaroslava Plomerova
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783764359072
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520
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Book Description
Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 151 (1998), No. 2/3/4
