Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure in Agricultural Workers PDF Download
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Author: Kelly Johnstone
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781741515503
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Author: Kelly Johnstone
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781741515503
Category : Agricultural chemicals
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Author: J. Routt Reigart
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437914527
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
This 5th ed. is an update and expansion of the 1989 4th ed. This EPA manual provides health professionals with information on the health hazards of pesticides currently in use, and current consensus recommendations for management of poisonings and injuries caused by them. As with previous updates, this new ed. incorporates new pesticide products that are not necessarily widely known among health professionals. Contents: (1) General Information: Introduction; General Principles in the Management of Acute Pesticide Poisonings; Environmental and Occupational History; (2) Insecticides; (3) Herbicides; (4) Other Pesticides; (5) Index of Signs and Symptoms; Index of Pesticide Products. Charts and tables.
Author: Paul G. Barnett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
Author: Committee on Health Effects Associated with Exposures During the Gulf War
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309171628
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 426
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Book Description
The men and women who served in the Gulf War theater were potentially exposed to a wide range of biological and chemical agents. Gulf War and Health: Volume 1 assesses the scientific literature concerning the association between these agents and the adverse health effects currently experienced by a large number of veterans.
Author: United States. Task Group on Occupational Exposure to Pesticides
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural laborers
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9789283201502
Category : Carcinogens
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of some organophosphate insecticides and herbicides, including diazinon, glyphosate, malathion, parathion, and tetrachlorvinphos. Diazinon acts on a wide range of insects on crops, gardens, livestock, and pets, but most uses have been restricted in the USA, Canada, and the European Union since the 1980s. Glyphosate is the most heavily used agricultural and residential herbicide in the world, and has been detected in soil, air, surface water, and groundwater, as well as in food. Malathion is one of the oldest and most widely used organophosphate insecticides, and has a broad spectrum of applications in agriculture and public health, notably mosquito control. The insecticide parathion has been largely banned or restricted throughout the world due to toxicity to wildlife and humans. Tetrachlorvinphos is banned in the European Union, but continues to be used in the USA and elsewhere as an insecticide on animals, including in pet flea collars. The IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of these agents.
Author: Rebecca Ray
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Author: Prachi Sawant
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783848428342
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Similar to the chemical warfare agents produced during World War II, organophosphates are some of the most common insecticides used today. A serious downside, however, is that they also happen to be extremely toxic, adversely affecting the human nervous system even at low levels of exposure. The children of farmers or agricultural workers are considered to have a higher risk of pesticide exposure than does the general population, because of the close proximity of their homes to the fields where pesticides are applied, and from the take-home exposure. While high-level exposure to organophosphates can lead to death in the short term, several studies have suggested that chronic low-level exposure can also have serious health consequences, especially for infants and young children. Organophosphates interfere with healthy neurodevelopment, leading to behavioral problems and lower cognitive function. This book highlights the neurological risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in the children of agricultural workers. The results of the study would be useful in policy making, implementing preventive measures and creating awareness among farmers regarding use of organophosphates.
Author: Gina Solomon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: Zachariah N. Guerrette
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Exposure biomonitoring of organophosphate (OP) pesticides is a common practice to protect the health of agricultural workers. However, few studies have examined the association between markers of exposure and cholinesterase inhibition, the standard marker of effect, for these compounds or how genetic variation in the metabolic pathways responsible for the activation and detoxification of OP pesticides affects these associations. We evaluated the potential for pesticide exposure and cholinesterase inhibition levels of apple orchard farmworkers and their children in relation to non-farmworker households in the same region. We tested the hypothesis that 1.) OP pesticide exposure biomarkers were predictive of the inhibition of cholinesterase enzymes and 2.) genetic variants for metabolizing genes, including paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and cytochrome P-450s (CYP450s) altered this association. Higher levels of azinphos methyl in blood and dimethylphosphate urinary metabolites were observed in farmworkers adults and children during periods of pesticide application (thinning season) compared to non-farmworkers. Levels of azinphos methyl in blood were significantly associated with higher levels of dimethyl phosphate metabolites in the urine. Significant associations between concentrations of these exposure biomarkers and levels of cholinesterase inhibition were observed during the thinning season. We observed no significant modification of these observations when incorporating PON1 phenotypic and genotypic information into our models in accordance with predictions from in vivo data. However, when considering quantification of exposure via urinary metabolites, we found significant modification of the exposure/effect relationship by genetic variants for a number of CYP450 enzymes. These observations suggest that significant differences in the level of activation or detoxification of OP pesticides occur between individuals differing in the genotype of certain CYP450s responsible for this metabolism. Despite not directly handling pesticides, individuals working in pomme orchards during periods of pesticide application and their children are exposed to OP pesticides and can experience cholinesterase inhibition. Furthermore, the risk of cholinesterase inhibition appears to be greater in individuals with certain genetic backgrounds. This information illustrates the significance of individual susceptibility and the metabolism of specific OP pesticides for cumulative risk assessments of these compounds.
