Optimal Replenishment and Clearance Policy for a Perishable Product with LIFO Issuing Policy and Age-Dependent Demand PDF Download
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Author: Achal Goyal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
We study joint replenishment and clearance policy for a perishable product with a general, finite lifetime using a periodic review model over a finite horizon such that the inventory is sold in a last-in, first-out (LIFO) manner. Further, the demand for inventory may depend on its age since customers may choose to walk away if the freshest available inventory is too old for them. The model seeks to optimize two decisions every period: how much of fresh inventory to order and how much of existing inventory to clear. The key objective of the model is to understand the effect of age-dependence of demand on the optimal replenishment and clearance policy.We find that the optimal policy when demand depends on age may diverge substantially from the optimal policy when demand is independent of age, though there exists a sufficient condition under which the structure of the optimal policy becomes identical in both scenarios for all units newer than a threshold age. Further, we show that the structure of the optimal policy for the inventory with one-period remaining lifetime may both simplify and complicate in terms of the number of indexes compared to when demand is independent of age. For the same set of results, we streamline a few arguments for the existing results that are derived assuming demand is independent of age. Finally, we briefly discuss an extension in which clearance is not possible.
Author: Achal Goyal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
We study joint replenishment and clearance policy for a perishable product with a general, finite lifetime using a periodic review model over a finite horizon such that the inventory is sold in a last-in, first-out (LIFO) manner. Further, the demand for inventory may depend on its age since customers may choose to walk away if the freshest available inventory is too old for them. The model seeks to optimize two decisions every period: how much of fresh inventory to order and how much of existing inventory to clear. The key objective of the model is to understand the effect of age-dependence of demand on the optimal replenishment and clearance policy.We find that the optimal policy when demand depends on age may diverge substantially from the optimal policy when demand is independent of age, though there exists a sufficient condition under which the structure of the optimal policy becomes identical in both scenarios for all units newer than a threshold age. Further, we show that the structure of the optimal policy for the inventory with one-period remaining lifetime may both simplify and complicate in terms of the number of indexes compared to when demand is independent of age. For the same set of results, we streamline a few arguments for the existing results that are derived assuming demand is independent of age. Finally, we briefly discuss an extension in which clearance is not possible.
Author: Li-Ming Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
We consider a finite-horizon, periodic-review system for a perishable product at a retailer that faces stochastic, age-dependent demand and loses excess demand, if any. For this system, we build three models that capture two sources of unfilled demand, insufficient inventory and inappropriate age, and penalize them at different rates. The models are characterized by increasing replenishment flexibility, and the goal of each model is to identify when to place an order and the quantity whenever an order is placed. In the first model, reorder intervals are equal. In the second model, reorder intervals can vary across orders. In the third model, reorder intervals continue to remain flexible but the retailer can also partially salvage her inventory whenever she has excess inventory. Using the models, we explore the effect of lost-sales penalties on the structure of the optimal value function. We find that the inventory-related cost in a period may lack convexity if the ratio of penalties for stockout and high age is below a threshold, which percolates to the value function as well. We also identify properties of the optimal replenishment policy for the three models. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments to identify the marginal value added by the flexibility in reorder intervals and the option to partially salvage inventory as a function of model parameters.
Author: Steven Nahmias
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441979999
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 89
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Book Description
A perishable item is one that has constant utility up until an expiration date (which may be known or uncertain), at which point the utility drops to zero. This includes many types of packaged foods such as milk, cheese, processed meats, and canned goods. It also includes virtually all pharmaceuticals and photographic film, as well as whole blood supplies. This book is the first devoted solely to perishable inventory systems. The book’s ten chapters first cover the preliminaries of periodic review versus continuous review and look at a one-period newsvendor perishable inventory model. The author moves to the basic multiperiod dynamic model, and then considers the extensions of random lifetime, inclusion of a set-up cost, and multiproduct models of perishables. A chapter on continuous review models looks at one-for-one policies, models with zero lead time, optimal policies with positive lead time, and an alternative approach. Additional chapters present material on approximate order policies, inventory depletion management, and deterministic models, including the basic EOQ model with perishability and the dynamic deterministic model with perishability. Finally, chapters explore decaying inventories, queues with impatient customers, and blood bank inventory control. Anyone researching perishable inventory systems will find much to work with here. Practitioners and consultants will also now have a single well-referenced source of up-to-date information to work with.
Author: Christian Floerkemeier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540787305
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference for Industry and Academia on the Internet of Things, IOT 2008, held in Zurich, Switzerland, in March 2008. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 92 initial submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on EPC network, middleware, business aspects, RFID technology and regulatory issues, applications, and sensing systems.
Author: Venkata Sree Raghuram Madduri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
The retail food industry has sales of over a trillion dollars. Most of these products are perishable in nature. This thesis deals with the development of multi period ordering policies for the perishable products with fixed shelf lives and finite replenishment lead times. In this thesis, simple ordering policies are developed by modifying the traditional EOQ model and base stock policies. The performance of both, the continuous review and periodic review policies, when applied to the perishable products with a fixed shelf life, is evaluated. Two categories of products--one with short shelf lives and another with long shelf lives are considered. Within each category, the shelf life, lead time, order quantity and review periods are varied. For a given shelf life and lead time, the best review periods and order quantities are identified. Both the continuous review and periodic review policies are evaluated using simulation models under three different distributions of demand, using cost and service levels as performance metrics. From the results of the simulations, the impact of product perishability on the EOQ ordering policies is studied. In the periodic review policy, it was found that the traditional EOQ base stock policy is optimal for the perishable products in almost all cases. For the continuous review policy, while perishability was not a factor, an increment of the computed EOQ value was found to be optimal due to lead time consideration. In general, with the proper choice of review periods and order quantities, the EOQ policies that are optimal for the non perishable products can also be used for the perishable products. Comparisons are also done between the relative performances of the periodic and continuous review policies. Overall, the continuous review policy gave a lower cost of operation for similar customer responsiveness measures.
Author: Hossein Abouee Mehrizi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
In this paper, we study a multi-period stochastic perishable inventory system with multiple demand classes that require products of different ages. The firm orders the product with a positive leadtime and sells it to multiple demand classes, each only accepting products with remaining lifetime longer than a threshold. In each period, after demand realization, the firm decides how to allocate the on-hand inventory to different demand classes with different backorder or lost-sale cost. At the end of each period, the firm can dispose inventory of any age. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process and characterize the optimal ordering, allocation, and disposal policies. When unfulfilled demand is backlogged, we show that the optimal order quantity is decreasing in the inventory levels and is more sensitive to the inventory level of fresher products, the optimal allocation policy is a sequential rationing policy, and the optimal disposal policy is characterized by a set of thresholds. For the lost-sale case, we show that the optimal allocation and disposal policies have the same structure but the optimal ordering policy may be different. Based on the structure of the optimal policy, we develop an efficient heuristic that is at most 4% away from the optimal cost in our numerical examples. Using numerical studies, we show that the ordering and allocation policies are close to optimal even if the firm cannot intentionally dispose products. Moreover, ignoring the difference between demand classes and using a simple allocation policy (e.g., FIFO) can significantly increase the total cost. We examine how the firm can improve the control of perishable items and show that the benefit of decreasing the leadtime is more significant than that of increasing the lifetime of the products or that of decreasing the acceptance threshold of the demand. The analysis is extended to systems with age dependent disposal cost and stochastic supply.
Author: Sun Hwa Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Inventories
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Author: Jaehyuck Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This dissertation considers a retailer that sells a perishable product over an infinite time horizon whose quality deteriorates over time. The retailer jointly decides whether to issue the oldest (First-In-First-Out or FIFO) or newest (Last-In-First-Out or LIFO) stock first to consumers and when to remove unsold items from shelf to maximize the objective which is a linear combination of the long-run average profits and customer welfare. We show that contrary to the industry norm that issuing items according to the FIFO issuance while keeping inventory as long as possible is optimal, using the LIFO issuance and pulling inventory from shelf early can be optimal if the product is highly perishable and the salvage value is sufficiently large. We also find when customers are heterogeneous in their utility per quality, the retailer may prefer to provide information about the age of individual items to customers to exploit customers' heterogeneity. We base our analysis on the notion of rational expectations equilibrium in which customers and the retailer make optimal decisions based on their rational expectations regarding product quality and customers' shopping behaviors.
Author: Yuan-Shyi Chiu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Inventory control
Languages : en
Pages : 174
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Author: Rob A.C.M. Broekmeulen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789038610696
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 19
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