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Author: John Downing Benedict
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cherokee Indians
Languages : en
Pages : 710
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Author: John Downing Benedict
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cherokee Indians
Languages : en
Pages : 710
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Book Description
Author: Donald L. Fixico
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN: 0806195053
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Few people today know that the forty-sixth state could have been Sequoyah, not Oklahoma. The Five Tribes of Indian Territory gathered in 1905 to form their own, Indian-led state. Leaders of the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Muscogees, and Seminoles drafted a constitution, which eligible voters then ratified. In the end, Congress denied their request, but the movement that fueled their efforts transcends that single defeat. Researched and interpreted by distinguished Native historian Donald L. Fixico, this book tells the remarkable story of how the state of Sequoyah movement unfolded and the extent to which it remains alive today. Fixico tells how the Five Nations, after removal to the west, negotiated treaties with the U.S. government and lobbied Congress to allow them to retain communal control of their lands as sovereign nations. In the wake of the Civil War, while a dozen bills in Congress proposed changing the status of Indian Territory, the Five Tribes sought strength in unity. The Boomer movement and seven land dispensations—beginning with the famous run of 1889—nevertheless eroded their borders and threatened their cultural and political autonomy. President Theodore Roosevelt ultimately declared his support for the merging of Indian Territory with Oklahoma Territory, paving the way for Oklahoma statehood in 1907—and shattering the state of Sequoyah dream. Yet the Five Tribes persevered. Fixico concludes his narrative by highlighting recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions, most notably McGirt v. Oklahoma (2020), that have reaffirmed the sovereignty of Indian nations over their lands and people—a principal inherent in the Sequoyah movement. Did the story end in 1907? Could the Five Tribes revive their plan for separate statehood? Fixico leaves the reader to ponder this intriguing possibility.
Author: Lela Jean McBride Brockway Tindle
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 9780786406388
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
In 1861, Lt. William Averell was dispatched to Indian Territory on a secret mission intended to close the forts that protected the Creeks, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Cherokees. The South immediately seized the opportunity to woo the Indian nations to the Confederacy. The South anticipated some trouble with John Ross, the Cherokee chief, but expected little difficulty from the other tribes. But they had forgotten about a leader of the Muskogees, called Creeks by the whites, named Opothleyaholo. Opothleyaholo had endured the Trail of Tears in 1836, when the Creek had been uprooted from their homelands in Alabama and Georgia and sent to the Arkansas Territory. Despite hardships, they eventually prospered in the new territory. As the Civil War approached, Opothleyaholo fully understood the strategic importance of the Indian Territory to the Confederacy and knew that an alliance with its government would undoubtedly lead to the demise of his people. Despite his distrust of the American government, which consistently broke their promises to the Indian nations, he sided with the United States and fought bravely, only to be deserted by its troops when he needed them most. Retreating to southern Kansas during the worst winter in memory, at least 240 of his followers--men, women, and children--died in Wilson County, Kansas, in 1862. This is the story of a little-remembered part of the years leading up to the Civil War and the bravery and misfortune of the Indian tribes in the conflict.
Author: Christopher M. Rein
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN: 0806166908
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
During the Civil War, the Second Colorado Volunteer Regiment played a vital and often decisive role in the fight for the Union on the Great Plains—and in the westward expansion of the American empire. Christopher M. Rein’s The Second Colorado Cavalry is the first in-depth history of this regiment operating at the nexus of the Civil War and the settlement of the American West. Composed largely of footloose ’59ers who raced west to participate in the gold rush in Colorado, the troopers of the Second Colorado repelled Confederate invasions in New Mexico and Indian Territory before wading into the Burned District along the Kansas border, the bloodiest region of the guerilla war in Missouri. In 1865, the regiment moved back out onto the plains, applying what it had learned to peacekeeping operations along the Santa Fe Trail, thus definitively linking the Civil War and the military conquest of the American West in a single act of continental expansion. Emphasizing the cavalry units, whose mobility proved critical in suppressing both Confederate bushwhackers and Indian raiders, Rein tells the neglected tale of the “fire brigade” of the Trans-Mississippi Theater—a group of men, and a few women, who enabled the most significant environmental shift in the Great Plains’ history: the displacement of Native Americans by Euro-American settlers, the swapping of bison herds for fenced cattle ranges, and the substitution of iron horses for those of flesh and bone. The Second Colorado Cavalry offers us a much-needed history of the “guerilla hunters” who helped suppress violence and keep the peace in contested border regions; it adds nuance and complexity to our understanding of the unlikely “agents of empire” who successfully transformed the Central Plains.
Author: Joseph Connole
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476670730
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
The U.S. government's Indian Policy evolved during the 19th century, culminating in the expulsion of the American Indians from their ancestral homelands. Much has been written about Andrew Jackson and the removal of the Five Nations from the American Southeast to present-day Oklahoma. Yet little attention has been paid to the policies of the Lincoln administration and their consequences. The Civil War was catastrophic for the natives of the Indian Territory. More battles were waged in the Indian Territory than in any other theater of the war, and the Five Nations' betrayal by the U.S. government ultimately lead to the destruction of their homes, their sovereignty and their identity.
Author: Matthew M. Stith
Publisher: LSU Press
ISBN: 0807163155
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
During the American Civil War the western Trans-Mississippi frontier was host to harsh environmental conditions, irregular warfare, and intense racial tensions that created extraordinarily difficult conditions for both combatants and civilians. Matthew M. Stith's Extreme Civil War focuses on Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, and Indian Territory to examine the physical and cultural frontiers that challenged Confederate and Union forces alike. A disturbing narrative emerges where conflict indiscriminately beset troops and families in a region that continually verged on social and political anarchy. With hundreds of small fights disbursed over the expansive borderland, fought by civilians -- even some women and children -- as much as by soldiers and guerrillas, this theater of war was especially savage. Despite connections to the political issues and military campaigns that drove the larger war, the irregular conflict in this border region represented a truly disparate war within a war. The blend of violence, racial unrest, and frontier culture presented distinct challenges to combatants, far from the aid of governmental services. Stith shows how white Confederate and Union civilians faced forces of warfare and the bleak environmental realities east of the Great Plains while barely coexisting with a number of other ethnicities and races, including Native Americans and African Americans. In addition to the brutal fighting and lack of basic infrastructure, the inherent mistrust among these communities intensified the suffering of all citizens on America's frontier. Extreme Civil War reveals the complex racial, environmental, and military dimensions that fueled the brutal guerrilla warfare and made the Trans-Mississippi frontier one of the most difficult and diverse pockets of violence during the Civil War.
Author: Stanley Harrold
Publisher: Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN: 0807834319
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Noted historian Harrold examines the nation's fight over slavery that occurred before the Civil War.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African Americans
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Author: Georgina Gentry
Publisher: Kensington Publishing Corp.
ISBN: 1420133322
Category : Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
A Union Brave A Rebel soldier killed his brother. Now the fires of revenge burn in the soul of Creek warrior Yellow Jacket as he prepares to join his tribe in battle against his sworn enemies. To keep their plans secret, Yellow Jacket is forced to take a nurse prisoner. He has nothing to fear from Twilight Dumont, a gentle Southern belle--except for the unexpected passion that could break down the walls between them. . .or keep them apart forever. . . A Rebel Warrior A lieutenant in the famed Cherokee Mounted Rifles, Jim Eagle has cast his lot with the Confederacy. After capturing a Union supply boat, he is shocked to find that one of the young soldiers is actually a stunning Cherokee woman--and a spy. Eastern-educated April Grant has come to Indian territory to root out a traitor. . .but on which side? Now, Jim Eagle is torn between a deadly desire for the courageous beauty--and his duty to the Rebel cause. . . A War Of Hearts As the country is torn by Civil War, two men have chosen sides--but they cannot choose their destinies. Their paths will cross, their loyalties will be tested--and love for two exceptional women will make their hearts beat faster than the drums of war. . .
Author: Southwest Center for Human Relations Studies (University of Oklahoma)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Indians of North America
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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