Odor Guided Behavior and Its Modulation in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Author: Josh Dubnau
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107009030
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
A comprehensive portrayal of the behaviour genetics of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and the methods used in these studies.
Author: Karen Cheng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 155
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Book Description
Visual objects in the natural world convey many meanings to vinegar flies, signifying the presence of predators, food sources, or potential mates. How animals rapidly distinguish among these small objects remains unclear at the mechanistic level. It is thought that multimodal integration of sensory cues, likely via actions of neuromodulators, is one mechanism for this behavioral plasticity. In this thesis, we begin by reviewing the current understanding of neuromodulation of insect vision. Next, we describe innate object behaviors in a flight simulator paradigm in both freely rotating, magnetically-tethered and yaw-restricted, rigidly-tethered melanogaster. The experimental paradigm in rigidly-tethered flies is then modified to assess the effects of odor on object responses. In a paradigm in which visual stimuli positions were negatively coupled to the fly's steering effort, we find that appetitive odor reduces the probability that flies engage in aversive behaviors in response to encountering small visual objects. In a complementary paradigm in which visual stimuli position were restricted to the visual periphery, we show that the presence of appetitive food odors reverses innate object avoidance to attraction, whereby flies begin to approach and track the small object. We term this behavior odor-induced visual valence reversal. Subsequently, we show through optogenetic activation studies that this modulation seems in part to be induced by the neuromodulator octopamine, the insect orthologs of norepinephrine, as well as small-field visual motion detectors, T4/T5 neurons. Efforts to assess whether octopamine and T4/T5 neurons mediate object valence reversal via the same neural circuit were inconclusive, likely due to off-target effects and genetic backgrounds. Separately, in vivo calcium imaging of T4/T5 responses to visual objects with pharmacological application of octopamine or its agonist, chlordimeform, suggest that variation in T4/T5 visual responses were likely due to the quiescent animal's internal state. Our results identify neural components involved in olfactory modulation of object vision and highlight the importance to further assess the contributions of locomotion in understanding neuromodulatory mechanisms.
Author: Shawn Rick Olsen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Sensory stimuli provide animals with important information about their environment. The precise mechanisms by which sensory information is transformed by neural circuits to guide behavior is a major question in neuroscience. In my work I have used the olfactory system of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model for understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of sensory processing in the brain. This system is genetically hard-wired and numerically simple, which along with the powerful genetic tools available in the fly provide a unique opportunity for dissecting the synaptic and circuit mechanisms of odor representation and computation. Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and their second-order targets, the projection neurons (PNs), are connected in glomerular compartments in the antennal lobe. Each glomerulus represents a parallel processing channel composed of just one type of ORN and PN. However, glomeruli are also interconnected by a rich set of local neurons. Most odors trigger distributed activity across multiple ORN types, and consequently, the determinants of PN receptive fields likely involve both direct ORN input and interglomerular interactions.
Author: Carla Mucignat-Caretta
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466553413
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
Author: O. Siddiqi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468479687
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 487
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Book Description
There is no multicellular animal whose genetics is so well understood as Drosophila melanogaster. An increasing number of biologists have, therefore, turned to the fruitfly in pursuit of such diverse areas as the molecular biology of eukaryotic cells, development and neurobiology. Indeed there are signs that Dro sophila may soon become the most central organism in biqlogy for genetic analysis of complex problems. The papers in this collection were presented at a conference on Development and Behavior of Drosophila held at the Tata Insti tute of Fundamental Research from 19th to 22nd December, 1979. The volume reflects the commonly shared belief of the participants that Drosophila has as much to contribute to biology in the future as it has in the past. We hope it will be of interest not merely to Dro sophilists but to all biologists. We thank Chetan Premani, Anil Gupta, K.S. Krishnan, Veronica Rodrigues, Hemant Chikermane and K. Vijay Raghavan for help with recording and transcription of the proceedings and Vrinda Nabar and K.V. Hareesh for editorial assistance. We thank Samuel Richman, Thomas Schmidt-Glenewinkel and T.R. Venkatesh for their valuable assistance in proofreading the manuscripts, and we also thank Patricia Rank for her excellent effort in the preparation of the final manuscripts. The conference was supported by a grant from Sir Dorabji Tata Trust.
Author: William Morton Barrows
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Lynne D. Houck
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226354576
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Book Description
Beginning with Darwin's work in the 1870s, Foundations of Animal Behavior selects the most important works from the discipline's first hundred years—forty-four classic papers—and presents them in facsimile, tracing the development of the field. These papers are classics because they either founded a line of investigation, established a basic method, or provided a new approach to an important research question. The papers are divided into six sections, each introduced by prominent researchers. Sections one and two cover the origins and history of the field and the emergence of basic methods and approaches. They provide a background for sections three through six, which focus on development and learning; neural and hormonal mechanisms of behavior; sensory processes, orientation, and communication; and the evolution of behavior. This outstanding collection will serve as the basis for undergraduate and graduate seminars and as a reference for researchers in animal behavior, whether they focus on ethology, behavioral ecology, comparative psychology, or anthropology. Published in association with the Animal Behavior Society
Author: Frank Zufall
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128017864
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
Written by leaders in the field of chemosensation, Chemosensory Transduction provides a comprehensive resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms that allow animals to detect their chemical world. The text focuses on mammals, but also includes several chapters on chemosensory transduction mechanisms in lower vertebrates and insects. This book examines transduction mechanisms in the olfactory, taste, and somatosensory (chemesthetic) systems as well as in a variety of internal sensors that are responsible for homeostatic regulation of the body. Chapters cover such topics as social odors in mammals, vertebrate and invertebrate olfactory receptors, peptide signaling in taste and gut nutrient sensing. Includes a foreword by preeminent olfactory scientist Stuart Firestein, Chair of Columbia University's Department of Biological Sciences in New York, NY. Chemosensory Transduction describes state-of-the-art approaches and key findings related to the study of the chemical senses. Thus, it serves as the go-to reference for this subject for practicing scientists and students with backgrounds in sensory biology and/or neurobiology. The volume will also be valuable for industry researchers engaged in the design or testing of flavors, fragrances, foods and/or pharmaceuticals. - Provides a comprehensive overview for all chemosensory transduction mechanisms - Valuable for academics focused on sensory biology, neurobiology, and chemosensory transduction, as well as industry researchers in new flavor, fragrance, and food testing - Edited by leading experts in the field of olfactory transduction - Focuses on mammals, but lower vertebrates and invertebrate model systems are also included
Author: Peter Angas Parsons
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521252474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
In 'The Evolutionary Biology of Colonizing Species', Professor Parsons uses the colonizing species as a case study in the dynamics of microevolution at work in living systems.
