Ocean Engineering Studies Compiled 1991. Volume 11. Pressure-Resistant Glass Light Enclosures PDF Download
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Manned and unmanned diving systems require underwater lights for illumination to illuminate search and work areas. Electric light bulbs can neither tolerate the temperature shock resulting from immersion in cold water nor the pressure exerted by water at operational depth. They must be protected by transparent enclosures capable of withstanding the sudden immersion in cold water and long-term compression by external hydrostatic pressure. Low thermal conductivity of plastics, impedes heat dissipation from the interior of the plastic enclosure to the water. Only enclosures fabricated from borosilicate or pure silica glass with very low temperature expansion coefficient can satisfy operational requirements. The low coefficient of thermal expansion, coupled with high heat transfer capability, allows enclosures from this group of glasses to operate successfully with a very high temperature differential across the wall thickness. These glasses also possess compressive strength exceeding 200,000 psi. This property allows such enclosures to be constructed with very thin walls, thus further improving the heat transfer from the inside of these enclosures to the cold water outside. Testing involved establishing the critical pressure and cyclic fatigue life of glass enclosures due to (1) the effect of enclosure shape, (2) type of bulkhead, (3) the configuration of mating surfaces, and (4) gasket material used. Three types of glass enclosures were investigated: cylindrical domes with conical flanges, pipes with conical flanges, and tubes without flanges.
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Manned and unmanned diving systems require underwater lights for illumination to illuminate search and work areas. Electric light bulbs can neither tolerate the temperature shock resulting from immersion in cold water nor the pressure exerted by water at operational depth. They must be protected by transparent enclosures capable of withstanding the sudden immersion in cold water and long-term compression by external hydrostatic pressure. Low thermal conductivity of plastics, impedes heat dissipation from the interior of the plastic enclosure to the water. Only enclosures fabricated from borosilicate or pure silica glass with very low temperature expansion coefficient can satisfy operational requirements. The low coefficient of thermal expansion, coupled with high heat transfer capability, allows enclosures from this group of glasses to operate successfully with a very high temperature differential across the wall thickness. These glasses also possess compressive strength exceeding 200,000 psi. This property allows such enclosures to be constructed with very thin walls, thus further improving the heat transfer from the inside of these enclosures to the cold water outside. Testing involved establishing the critical pressure and cyclic fatigue life of glass enclosures due to (1) the effect of enclosure shape, (2) type of bulkhead, (3) the configuration of mating surfaces, and (4) gasket material used. Three types of glass enclosures were investigated: cylindrical domes with conical flanges, pipes with conical flanges, and tubes without flanges.
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Category : Government reports announcements & index
Languages : en
Pages : 1130
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Author: Jerry D. Stachiw
Publisher:
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Category : Acrylic resins
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1602
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Author: J. D. Stachiw
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 270
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The purpose of the work in this report was to develop spherical-shell sector windows of acrylic plastic for the deep-diving submersible ALVIN, which has a 12,000-foot depth capability. Free-formed, flanged, acrylic hemispherical shells with a nominal 27-in. median radius have been evaluated for service as external pressure hulls with a nominal 56-ft depth. Because the free-forming fabrication technique produces hemispheres, with variation in thickness and sphericity, uneven stress distribution results during external hydrostatic loading. An acrylic plastic hemispherical dome with a 78-inch outer diameter, 65.25-inch inner diameter and 7-inch-long skirt has been successfully cast, machined, and equipped with a metallic mounting flange. Mounting flanges will allow mating of the cast plastic dome to a surface ship hull. Large and small windows have been found to be more than adequate for man-rated service under 450 psi maximum operational pressure in steel flanges with D sub i (diameter of opening in flange) of 5.000 and 3.000 inches. A recommendation is given for the design, fabrication, proof-testing and inspection in-service of acrylic plastic windows for manned hyperbaric chambers (this includes PTC's, DDC's one atmosphere habitats, high altitude simulation chambers, recompression chambers, etc. Standard window shapes discussed are flat disc, conical frustum and spherical shell sector.
Author: Grant Heiken
Publisher: CUP Archive
ISBN: 9780521334440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 796
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Book Description
The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.
Author: Department Justice
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781500783945
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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(a) Design and construction. (1) Each facility or part of a facility constructed by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity shall be designed and constructed in such manner that the facility or part of the facility is readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, if the construction was commenced after January 26, 1992. (2) Exception for structural impracticability. (i) Full compliance with the requirements of this section is not required where a public entity can demonstrate that it is structurally impracticable to meet the requirements. Full compliance will be considered structurally impracticable only in those rare circumstances when the unique characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation of accessibility features. (ii) If full compliance with this section would be structurally impracticable, compliance with this section is required to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable. In that case, any portion of the facility that can be made accessible shall be made accessible to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable. (iii) If providing accessibility in conformance with this section to individuals with certain disabilities (e.g., those who use wheelchairs) would be structurally impracticable, accessibility shall nonetheless be ensured to persons with other types of disabilities, (e.g., those who use crutches or who have sight, hearing, or mental impairments) in accordance with this section.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309154006
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.
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Category : Marine pollution
Languages : en
Pages : 264
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Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 702
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