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Author: Maximiliano D’Angelo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331971614X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
The three-dimensional organization of the DNA inside the eukaryotic cell nucleus has emerged a critical regulator of genome integrity and function. Increasing evidence indicates that nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the large protein channels that connect the nucleus to the cytoplasm, play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of chromatin organization and in the regulation of gene activity. These findings, which oppose the traditional view of NPCs as channels with only one: the facilitation of nucleocytoplasmic molecule exchange, have completely transformed our understanding of these structures. This book describes our current knowledge of the role of NPCs in genome organization and gene expression regulation. It starts by providing an overview of the different compartments and structures of the nucleus and how they contribute to organizing the genome, then moves to examine the direct roles of NPCs and their components in gene expression regulation in different organisms, and ends by describing the function of nuclear pores in the infection and genome integration of HIV, in DNA repair and telomere maintenance, and in the regulation of chromosome segregation and mitosis. This book provides an intellectual backdrop for anyone interested in understanding how the gatekeepers of the nucleus contribute to safeguarding the integrity and function of the eukaryotic genome.
Author: Maximiliano D’Angelo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331971614X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
The three-dimensional organization of the DNA inside the eukaryotic cell nucleus has emerged a critical regulator of genome integrity and function. Increasing evidence indicates that nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), the large protein channels that connect the nucleus to the cytoplasm, play a critical role in the establishment and maintenance of chromatin organization and in the regulation of gene activity. These findings, which oppose the traditional view of NPCs as channels with only one: the facilitation of nucleocytoplasmic molecule exchange, have completely transformed our understanding of these structures. This book describes our current knowledge of the role of NPCs in genome organization and gene expression regulation. It starts by providing an overview of the different compartments and structures of the nucleus and how they contribute to organizing the genome, then moves to examine the direct roles of NPCs and their components in gene expression regulation in different organisms, and ends by describing the function of nuclear pores in the infection and genome integration of HIV, in DNA repair and telomere maintenance, and in the regulation of chromosome segregation and mitosis. This book provides an intellectual backdrop for anyone interested in understanding how the gatekeepers of the nucleus contribute to safeguarding the integrity and function of the eukaryotic genome.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780124171602
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Volume 122 of Methods in Cell Biology describes modern tools and techniques used to study nuclear pore complexes and nucleocytoplasmic transport in diverse eukaryotic model systems (including mammalian cells, Xenopus, C. elegans, yeast). The volume enables investigators to analyze nuclear pore complex structure, assembly, and dynamics; to evaluate protein and RNA trafficking through the nuclear envelope; and to design in vivo or in vitro assays appropriate to their research needs. Beyond the study of nuclear pores and transport as such, these protocols will also be helpful to scientists characterizing gene regulation, signal transduction, cell cycle, viral infections, or aging. The NPC being one of the largest multiprotein complexes in the cell, some protocols will also be of interest for people currently characterizing other macromolecular assemblies. This book is thus designed for laboratory use by graduate students, technicians, and researchers in many molecular and cellular disciplines.
Author: Terra Kuhn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
Nuclear pore complexes are best known for their regulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport as integral components of the eukaryotic nuclear envelope. Over the years, their importance in regulation of genome function has become apparent. Many of the 30 individual nuclear pore proteins, Nups, have been found to play distinct roles interacting with and regulating various genomic targets, especially in a cell-type specific manner. The mechanism behind this regulation is often unknown. We have developed a method by which to study the roles of Nups on chromatin using an ectopic-tethering system. Drosophila melanogaster provide a powerful tool with which to combine many genetic elements of interest together in individual organisms quickly and efficiently, and additionally has allowed for powerful high-resolution visualization of chromatin structure perturbations through the imaging of their larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes. Using this system we observed that tethering Nups to chromatin was sufficient to induce chromatin decondensation, visualized by robust and reproducible loss of DNA and histone fluorescene signal associated with Nup binding. Additionally we observed recruitment of chromatin-remodeling complex PBAP, and reliance on PBAP for the observed Nup-induced decondensation, suggesting an important functional relationship between these proteins. We then took our findings and hypotheses generated from this ectopic-tethering imaging system to next conduct functional biochemical analysis of these proteins in Drosophila S2 cell culture. We found that nucleoporin Elys has a robust biochemical interaction with components of PBAP in an endogenous context, supporting the recruitment of these proteins we observed via immunofluorescence. Additionally, MNase experiments determined that Elys was critical for facilitating the formation and/or maintenance of open chromatin, both genome-wide and on a local nucleosomal level at Elys target genes. Together these results demonstrate the importance of nucleoporins in regulation of chromatin structure, and provide one mechanism to explain this phenomenon. These findings are of particular interest in the fields of chromatin biology and the study of nuclear pore protein function, demonstrating a possible explanation for not only associations of NPCs with decondensed chromatin at the nuclear periphery, but also regulation of Nup target gene expression, through regulation of chromatin accessibility.
Author: Karim Mekhail
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 288974504X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The nuclear envelope harbors numerous large proteinaceous channels, the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), through which macromolecular exchange between the cytosol and the nucleoplasm occurs. This double-membrane nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum and thus functionally connected to such diverse processes as vesicular transport, protein maturation and lipid synthesis. Recent results obtained from studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that assembly of the nuclear pore complex is functionally dependent upon maintenance of lipid homeostasis of the ER membrane. Previous work from one of our laboratories has revealed that an integral membrane protein Apq12 is important for the assembly of functional nuclear pores. Cells lacking APQ12 are viable but cannot grow at low temperatures, have aberrant NPCs and a defect in mRNA export. Remarkably, these defects in NPC assembly can be overcome by supplementing cells with a membrane fluidizing agent, benzyl alcohol, suggesting that Apq12 impacts the flexibility of the nuclear membrane, possibly by adjusting its lipid composition when cells are shifted to a reduced temperature. Our new study now expands these findings and reveals that an essential membrane protein, Brr6, shares at least partially overlapping functions with Apq12 and is also required for assembly of functional NPCs. A third nuclear envelope membrane protein, Brl1, is related to Brr6, and is also required for NPC assembly. Because maintenance of membrane homeostasis is essential for cellular survival, the fact that these three proteins are conserved in fungi that undergo closed mitoses, but are not found in metazoans or plants, may indicate that their functions are performed by proteins unrelated at the primary sequence level to Brr6, Brl1 and Apq12 in cells that disassemble their nuclear envelopes during mitosis.
Author: Reiner Peters
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642715656
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Irwin M. Arias
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119436826
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1156
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Book Description
Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.
Author: Christophe Lavelle
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012803503X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Nuclear Architecture and Dynamics provides a definitive resource for (bio)physicists and molecular and cellular biologists whose research involves an understanding of the organization of the genome and the mechanisms of its proper reading, maintenance, and replication by the cell. This book brings together the biochemical and physical characteristics of genome organization, providing a relevant framework in which to interpret the control of gene expression and cell differentiation. It includes work from a group of international experts, including biologists, physicists, mathematicians, and bioinformaticians who have come together for a comprehensive presentation of the current developments in the nuclear dynamics and architecture field. The book provides the uninitiated with an entry point to a highly dynamic, but complex issue, and the expert with an opportunity to have a fresh look at the viewpoints advocated by researchers from different disciplines. Highlights the link between the (bio)chemistry and the (bio)physics of chromatin Deciphers the complex interplay between numerous biochemical factors at task in the nucleus and the physical state of chromatin Provides a collective view of the field by a large, diverse group of authors with both physics and biology backgrounds
Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cytology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Roger L. Lundblad
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351680536
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 551
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Book Description
This book is an accessible resource offering practical information not found in more database-oriented resources. The first chapter lists acronyms with definitions, and a glossary of terms and subjects used in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, proteomics, genomics, and systems biology. There follows chapters on chemicals employed in biochemistry and molecular biology, complete with properties and structure drawings. Researchers will find this book to be a valuable tool that will save them time, as well as provide essential links to the roots of their science. Key selling features: Contains an extensive list of commonly used acronyms with definitions Offers a highly readable glossary for systems and techniques Provides comprehensive information for the validation of biotechnology assays and manufacturing processes Includes a list of Log P values, water solubility, and molecular weight for selected chemicals Gives a detailed listing of protease inhibitors and cocktails, as well as a list of buffers
