Nuclear Disintegration Studies with a Beta-ray Spectrometer PDF Download
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Author: William W. Pratt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beta ray spectrometry
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
The use of a beta-ray spectrometer, in the analysis of nuclear decay schemes, makes possible the solution of many of the problems which arise in the course of such analyses. Of particular interest is the application of the instrument to the determination of the energy of beta and gamma-radiation from radioactive isotopes. In addition, it is possible to use the instrument to estimate the relative intensities of the various components of radiation; and to apply the coincidence method, in conjunction with the spectrometer, to the determination of the order in which these components are emitted from the nucleus. The present work was concerned with three particular problems arising in beta-ray spectrometry. A method of improving the intensity-resolution relationship of a thin lens magnetic beta-ray spectrometer, by means of ring focusing, was investigated. The existence of a ring-shaped constriction in the electron beam was demonstrated experimentally by a photographic film method. A theoretical analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine relations from which the relative intensities of beta-rays, gamma-rays and internal conversion electrons might be determined from data obtained with the spectrometer. Simplifying assumptions were made concerning the focusing action of the instrument, and effects due to scattering of electrons in the source of photoelectric radiator were neglected. Formulae were derived from which the observed spectrometer counting rates due to sources of known activity, emitting beta-rays, gamma-rays or internal conversion electrons may be predicted.
Author: William W. Pratt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Beta ray spectrometry
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
The use of a beta-ray spectrometer, in the analysis of nuclear decay schemes, makes possible the solution of many of the problems which arise in the course of such analyses. Of particular interest is the application of the instrument to the determination of the energy of beta and gamma-radiation from radioactive isotopes. In addition, it is possible to use the instrument to estimate the relative intensities of the various components of radiation; and to apply the coincidence method, in conjunction with the spectrometer, to the determination of the order in which these components are emitted from the nucleus. The present work was concerned with three particular problems arising in beta-ray spectrometry. A method of improving the intensity-resolution relationship of a thin lens magnetic beta-ray spectrometer, by means of ring focusing, was investigated. The existence of a ring-shaped constriction in the electron beam was demonstrated experimentally by a photographic film method. A theoretical analysis was carried out in an attempt to determine relations from which the relative intensities of beta-rays, gamma-rays and internal conversion electrons might be determined from data obtained with the spectrometer. Simplifying assumptions were made concerning the focusing action of the instrument, and effects due to scattering of electrons in the source of photoelectric radiator were neglected. Formulae were derived from which the observed spectrometer counting rates due to sources of known activity, emitting beta-rays, gamma-rays or internal conversion electrons may be predicted.
Author: K. Siegbahn
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444596992
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 915
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Book Description
Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Volume 1 offers a comprehensive account of radioactivity and related low-energy phenomena. It summarizes progress in the field of alpha-, beta- and gamma-ray spectroscopy, including the discovery of the non-conservation of parity, as well as new experimental methods that elucidate the processes of weak interactions in general and beta-decay in particular. Comprised of 14 chapters, the book presents experimental methods and theoretical discussions and calculations to maintain the link between experiment and theory. It begins with a discussion of the interaction of electrons and alpha particles with matter. The book explains the elastic scattering of electrons by atomic nuclei and the interaction between gamma-radiation and matter. It then introduces topic on beta-ray spectrometer theory and design and crystal diffraction spectroscopy of nuclear gamma rays. Moreover, the book discusses the applications of the scintillation counter; proportional counting in gases; and the general processes and procedures used in determining disintegration schemes through a study of the beta- and gamma-rays emitted. In addition, it covers the nuclear shell model; collective nuclear motion and the unified model; and alpha-decay conservation laws. The emissions of gamma-radiation during charged particle bombardment and from fission fragments, as well as the neutron-capture radiation spectroscopy, are also explained. Experimentalists will find this book extremely useful.
Author: K. Maack Bisgård
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic spectra
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Author: Donald Glenn Gardner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alpha decay
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
Author: Gordon Gilmore
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119964695
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 597
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Book Description
The Second Edition of Practical Gamma-Ray Spectrometry has been completely revised and updated, providing comprehensive coverage of the whole gamma-ray detection and spectrum analysis processes. Drawn on many years of teaching experience to produce this uniquely practical volume, issues discussed include the origin of gamma-rays and the issue of quality assurance in gamma-ray spectrometry. This new edition also covers the analysis of decommissioned nuclear plants, computer modelling systems for calibration, uncertainty measurements in QA, and many more topics.
Author: Michael F. L'Annunziata
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128143983
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1110
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Book Description
Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, is an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes. Users will find a detailed discussion of our current understanding of the atomic nucleus, nuclear stability and decay, nuclear radiation, and the interaction of radiation with matter relating to the best methods for radionuclide detection and measurement. Spans two volumes, Radiation Physics and Detectors and Radioanalytical Applications Includes a much-expanded treatment of calculations required in the measurement of radionuclide decay, energy of decay, nuclear reactions, radiation attenuation, nuclear recoil, cosmic radiation, and synchrotron radiation Includes the latest advances in liquid and solid scintillation analysis, alpha- and gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometric analysis, gas ionization and nuclear track analysis, and neutron detection and measurement Covers high-sample-throughput microplate techniques and multi-detector assay methods
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
Author: C. E. Crouthamel
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148328056X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 776
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Book Description
Applied Gamma-Ray Spectrometry covers real life application of the gamma-ray and the devices used in their experimental studies. This book is organized into 9 chapters, and starts with discussions of the various decay processes, the possible interaction mechanisms of gamma radiation with matter, and the intrinsic and extrinsic variables, which affect the observed gamma-ray and X-ray spectra. The subsequent chapters deal with the properties and fabrication of scintillation detectors, semiconductor detectors, and proportional gas counters. These chapters present some of the most widely utilized applications of these detectors, with a particular emphasis to the activation analysis. These topics are followed by reviews of the description of basic equipment, such as amplifiers, analyzers, special spectrometer arrangements, and detector shielding. Other chapters describe energy and time resolution and quantitative calibration. The quantitative and qualitative interpretation of the spectra is also explained, along with the calibration of the detectors. The last chapter considers the analytical applications of gamma-ray and X-ray spectrometry in tracer studies, activation analysis, fission product studies, and X-ray fluorescence analysis. This book will be of value to analytical chemists and analytical chemistry researchers.
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 9780080576664
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 419
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Book Description
Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 2194
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Book Description
