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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
The ultimate objective of this work has been to develop a nonthermal plasma process to reduce NO(subscript x) in diesel exhaust gas. A secondary objective has been to study the possibility of particulate matter (soot) reduction by the same technique. The early work revealed a fundamental difficulty with this NO(subscript x) reduction approach in the gas environment of the diesel engine exhaust. These observations necessitated a thorough study of the unfavorable chemistry in the hope that knowledge of the chemical mechanism would offer an opportunity to make the approach useful for NO(subscript x) reduction. Whereas fundamental understanding of the mechanism has been obtained, the authors have not found any measure that would make the approach meet its original objective.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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Book Description
The ultimate objective of this work has been to develop a nonthermal plasma process to reduce NO(subscript x) in diesel exhaust gas. A secondary objective has been to study the possibility of particulate matter (soot) reduction by the same technique. The early work revealed a fundamental difficulty with this NO(subscript x) reduction approach in the gas environment of the diesel engine exhaust. These observations necessitated a thorough study of the unfavorable chemistry in the hope that knowledge of the chemical mechanism would offer an opportunity to make the approach useful for NO(subscript x) reduction. Whereas fundamental understanding of the mechanism has been obtained, the authors have not found any measure that would make the approach meet its original objective.
Author: James Shawcross
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 257
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Book Description
Author: Cheng Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atmospheric electricity
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
"There is a growing demand for energy usage in the world, primarily due to increasing economic activity. This need can be met by pursuing increased power generation. However the impact of emissions from power generation sources on the health of human beings and environmental continues to be a major concern. In order to maintain and enhance environmental quality there is a need for the development of clean energy products. A diesel aftertreatment device was developed at RIT to reduce particulate matter (PM) in the emissions of generators and diesel engines by using the combination of non-thermal plasma oxidation and emission catalyst technologies. The non-thermal plasma (corona discharge) created by a high voltage electrode produces ionized gas or plasma in the charging section of the device. Simultaneously gas atoms are excited, producing highly reactive O, OH, and NO2 radicals. These radicals oxidize PM to gaseous products including CO, and CO2. The device has a low pressure drop compared with other diesel aftertreatment devices since it self-regenerates and there is no accumulation of PM in the system. The scope of this thesis is to develop a numerical model to simulate the performance of this diesel aftertreatment device. The model calculates the diesel exhaust conditions, plasma generation condition, electric field, power consumption, particulate collection, and particle removal. The model results agree with the experimental data, which proves that the model can be used for system performance prediction. Based on keeping the same PM removal efficiency and back pressure effects on diesel engine, a method was developed for system scale-up or scale-down"--Abstract.
Author: Peter Eastwood
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
The topics most critical to exhaust gas aftertreatment are described in depth: the problems which need to be overcome, and the possible solutions currently under investigation. After treatment is covered as an emissions subject in its own right; and all components of the entire system are included, not just catalysts. Highly technical issues are presented in a way that makes them readily accessible to the non-specialist. It Includes 700 references.
Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
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Book Description
Modern diesel passenger vehicles employing common rail, high speed direct injection engines are capable of matching the drivability of gasoline powered vehicles with the additional benefit of providing high torque at low engine speed [1]. The diesel engine also offers considerable fuel economy and CO2 emissions advantages. However, future emissions standards [2,3] present a significant challenge for the diesel engine, as its lean exhaust precludes the use of aftertreatment strategies employing 3- way catalytic converters, which operate under stoichiometric conditions. In recent years significant developments by diesel engine manufacturers have greatly reduced emissions of both particulates (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) [4,5]. However to achieve compliance with future legislative limits it has been suggested that an integrated approach involving a combination of engine modifications and aftertreatment technology [1] will be required. A relatively new approach to exhaust aftertreatment is the application of non-thermal plasma (NTP) or plasma catalyst hybrid systems. These have the potential for treatment of both NOx and PM emissions [6- 8]. The primary focus of recent plasma aftertreatment studies [9-12] has concentrated on the removal of NOx. It has been shown that by combining plasmas with catalysts it is possible to chemically reduce NOx. The most common approach is to use a 2- stage system relying upon the plasma oxidation of hydrocarbons to promote NO to NO2 conversion as a precursor to NO2 reduction over a catalyst. However, relatively little work has yet been published on the oxidation of PM by plasma [8,13]. Previous investigations [8] have reported that a suitably designed NTP reactor containing a packing material designed to filter and retain PM can effect the oxidation of PM in diesel exhausts at low temperatures. It has been suggested that the retained PM competes with hydrocarbons for O, and possibly OH, radicals. This is an important consideration in plasma - catalyst hybrid schemes for the removal of NOx employing an NO2 selective catalyst, as the oxidation of PM may deplete the key radicals necessary for NO to NO2 conversion. It was also suggested that where simultaneous NOx and PM removal are required, alternative catalyst formulations may be needed which may be selective to NO rather than NO2.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
The trend in environmental legislation is such that primary engine modifications will not be sufficient to meet all future emissions requirements and exhaust aftertreatment technologies will need to be employed. One potential solution that is well placed to meet those requirements is non-thermal plasma technology. This paper will describe our work with some of our partners in the development of a plasma based diesel particulate filter (DPF) and plasma assisted catalytic reduction (PACR) for NOx removal. This paper describes the development of non-thermal plasma technology for the aftertreatment of particulates from a passenger car engine and NOx from a marine diesel exhaust application.
Author: Masaaki Okubo
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0128123087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
New Technologies for Emission Control in Marine Diesel Engines provides a unique overview on marine diesel engines and aftertreatment technologies that is based on the authors’ extensive experience in research and development of emission control systems, especially plasma aftertreatment systems. The book covers new and updated technologies, such as combustion improvement and after treatment, SCR, the NOx reduction method, Ox scrubber, DPF, Electrostatic precipitator, Plasma PM decomposition, Plasma NOx reduction, and the Exhaust gas recirculation method. This comprehensive resource is ideal for marine engineers, engine manufacturers and consultants dealing with the development and implementation of aftertreatment systems in marine engines. Includes recent advances and future trends of marine engines Discusses new and innovative emission technologies for marine diesel engines and their regulations Covers aftertreatment technologies that are not widely applied, such as catalysts, SCR, DPF and plasmas
Author: Nur Zarith Sofiah Mohamed Azhar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 45
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Book Description
Author: P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811685703
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 562
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Book Description
This handbook deals with the vast subject of thermal management of engines and vehicles by applying the state of the art research to diesel and natural gas engines. The contributions from global experts focus on management, generation, and retention of heat in after-treatment and exhaust systems for light-off of NOx, PM, and PN catalysts during cold start and city cycles as well as operation at ultralow temperatures. This book will be of great interest to those in academia and industry involved in the design and development of advanced diesel and CNG engines satisfying the current and future emission standards.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Several catalytic aftertreatment technologies rely on the conversion of NO to NO2 to achieve efficient reduction of NO(subscript x) and particulates in diesel engine exhaust. These technologies require low sulfur fuel because the catalyst component that is active in converting NO to NO2 is also active in converting SO2 to SO3. A non-thermal plasma can be used for the selective partial oxidation of NO to NO2 in the gas-phase under diesel engine exhaust conditions. This paper discusses how a non-thermal plasma can efficiently oxidize NO to NO2 without oxidizing SO2 to SO3. It is shown that the presence of hydrocarbons in the plasma is essential for enhancing the selective partial oxidation of NO and suppressing the oxidation of SO2.
