Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories

Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories PDF Author: Andreas Shalchi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642003095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description
If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic ?eld such as the magnetic ?eld of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic ?eld. As these background ?elds are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous ?eld. If there are no additional ?elds, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the par- cle moves at a constant speed. In reality, however, there are turbulent electric and magnetic?elds dueto the interstellaror solar wind plasma. These ?elds lead to sc- tering of the cosmic rays parallel and perpendicular to the background ?eld. These scattering effects, which usually are of diffusive nature, can be described by s- tial diffusion coef?cients or, alternatively, by mean free paths. The knowledge of these parameters is essential for describing cosmic ray propagation as well as d- fusive shock acceleration. The latter process is responsible for the high cosmic ray energies that have been observed. The layout of this book is as follows. In Chap. 1, the general physical scenario is presented. We discuss fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagation and acceleration in different systems such as the solar system or the interst- lar space. These processes are a consequence of the interaction between charged cosmic particles and an astrophysical plasma (turbulence). The properties of such plasmas are therefore the subject of Chap. 2.

Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories

Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories PDF Author: Andreas Shalchi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642003095
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210

Get Book Here

Book Description
If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic ?eld such as the magnetic ?eld of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic ?eld. As these background ?elds are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous ?eld. If there are no additional ?elds, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the par- cle moves at a constant speed. In reality, however, there are turbulent electric and magnetic?elds dueto the interstellaror solar wind plasma. These ?elds lead to sc- tering of the cosmic rays parallel and perpendicular to the background ?eld. These scattering effects, which usually are of diffusive nature, can be described by s- tial diffusion coef?cients or, alternatively, by mean free paths. The knowledge of these parameters is essential for describing cosmic ray propagation as well as d- fusive shock acceleration. The latter process is responsible for the high cosmic ray energies that have been observed. The layout of this book is as follows. In Chap. 1, the general physical scenario is presented. We discuss fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagation and acceleration in different systems such as the solar system or the interst- lar space. These processes are a consequence of the interaction between charged cosmic particles and an astrophysical plasma (turbulence). The properties of such plasmas are therefore the subject of Chap. 2.

Solar Variability and Planetary Climates

Solar Variability and Planetary Climates PDF Author: Y. Calisesi
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9780387483399
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 474

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Book Description
This book provides an updated overview of the processes determining the influence of solar forcing on climate. It discusses in particular the most recent developments regarding the role of aerosols in the climate system and the new insights that could be gained from the investigation of terrestrial climate analogues. The book’s structure mirrors that of the ISSI workshop held in Bern in June 2005.

Cosmic Ray Astrophysics

Cosmic Ray Astrophysics PDF Author: Reinhard Schlickeiser
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662048140
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 521

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Book Description
In the first part, the book gives an up-to-date summary of the observational data. In the second part, it deals with the kinetic description of cosmic ray plasma. The underlying diffusion-convection transport equation, which governs the coupling between cosmic rays and the background plasma, is derived and analyzed in detail. In the third part, several applications of the solutions of the transport equation are presented and how key observations in cosmic ray physics can be accounted for is demonstrated.

Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array

Science With The Cherenkov Telescope Array PDF Author: The Cta Consortium
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813270101
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 365

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Book Description
This book summarizes the science to be carried out by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array, a major ground-based gamma-ray observatory that will be constructed over the next six to eight years. The major scientific themes, as well as core program of key science projects, have been developed by the CTA Consortium, a collaboration of scientists from many institutions worldwide.CTA will be the major facility in high-energy and very high-energy photon astronomy over the next decade and beyond. CTA will have capabilities well beyond past and present observatories. Thus, CTA's science program is expected to be rich and broad and will complement other major multiwavelength and multimessenger facilities. This book is intended to be the primary resource for the science case for CTA and it thus will be of great interest to the broader physics and astronomy communities. The electronic version (e-book) is available in open access.

Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation

Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation PDF Author: Tomasz Bulik
Publisher: American Institute of Physics
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440

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Book Description
The main purpose of this conference was to present an overview of the current state of research in the area of high energy astrophysics. In particular, the mechanisms of particle acceleration, generation of high energy radiation, and polarization properties of such emission were discussed. A broad range of compact and diffuse sources, ranging from stellar to extragalactic objects are covered.

Lectures in High-energy Astrophysics

Lectures in High-energy Astrophysics PDF Author: Goddard Space Flight Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 180

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Book Description


Collected Papers of L.D. Landau

Collected Papers of L.D. Landau PDF Author: D. Ter Haar
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483152707
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859

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Book Description
Collected Papers of L. D. Landau brings together the collected papers of L. D. Landau in the field of physics. The discussion is divided into the following sections: low-temperature physics (including superconductivity); solid-state physics; plasma physics; hydrodynamics; astrophysics; nuclear physics and cosmic rays; quantum mechanics; quantum field theory; and miscellaneous works. Topics covered include the intermediate state of supraconductors; the absorption of sound in solids; the properties of metals at very low temperatures; and production of showers by heavy particles. This volume is comprised of 100 chapters and begins with Landau's paper on the theory of the spectra of diatomic molecules, followed by his studies on the damping problem in wave mechanics; quantum electrodynamics in configuration space; electron motion in crystal lattices; and the internal temperature of stars. Some of Landau's theories, such as those of stars, energy transfer on collisions, phase transitions, and specific heat anomalies are discussed. Subsequent chapters focus on the structure of the undisplaced scattering line; the transport equation in the case of Coulomb interactions; scattering of light by light; and the origin of stellar energy. This book will be a valuable resource for physicists as well as physics students and researchers.

Solar Flare Physics

Solar Flare Physics PDF Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781720944126
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Book Description
During the past year we have been working with the HESSI (High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager) team in preparation for launch in early 2001. HESSI has as its primary scientific goal photometric imaging and spectroscopy of solar flares in hard X-rays and gamma-rays with an approx. 2 sec angular resolution, approx. keV energy resolution and approx. 2 s time resolution over the 6 keV to 15 MeV energy range. We have performed tests of the imager using a specially designed experiment which exploits the second-harmonic response of HESSI's sub-collimators to an artificial X-ray source at a distance of 1550 cm from its front grids. Figures show the response to X-rays at energies in the range where HESSI is expected to image solar flares. To prepare the team and the solar user community for imaging flares with HESSI, we have written a description of the major imaging concepts. This paper will be submitted for publication in a referred journal.Schmahl, Edward J. and Kundu, Mukul R.Goddard Space Flight CenterGAMMA RAYS; X RAYS; SOLAR FLARES; GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY; X RAY ASTRONOMY; PHOTOMETRY; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE TESTS; X RAY SOURCES; MODULATION

Malnutrition is a Problem of Ecology

Malnutrition is a Problem of Ecology PDF Author: Paul György
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deficiency diseases
Languages : en
Pages : 242

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Book Description


Spaceborne Radar Observations

Spaceborne Radar Observations PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radar in aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Book Description