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Author: Brandon Craig Hoffman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
The SAE E-31 Aircraft Engine Gas & Particulate Emissions Measurement Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6320 {Ref. 17} describes procedures recommended for continuous sampling conditions and instrumentation for measurement of non-volatile particle number and mass emissions from the exhaust of aircraft gas turbine engines. Throughout the creation of the ARP, many tests were conducted to determine the best way to collect and measure non-volatile particulate matter from turbine engines to preserve sample integrity and minimize the losses through the system; including sampling, conditioning, and measurement. Based on the results of these tests, a system was built by Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), which they own and operate. A few other in-house systems were built by other organizations, but it wasn't until Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List (AVL) of Graz, Austria started to produce and manufacture an ARP6320 compliant sampling system that it was commercially available for purchase. The first prototype was delivered to Arnold Engineering Development Complex. Even though the AVL sampling system and the MS&T sampling system are compliant with the ARP6320, there were some differences between the two systems which begged the question, will each system produce the same or similar results? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) VAriable Response In Aircraft Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Testing (VARIAnT) 2 was established to answer these questions and more. This thesis concentrates on a small portion of this test campaign, specifically the ability of the systems to transport non-volatile or carbon black particles to instruments for measurement of mass, number, and size. The ratio of non-volatile particle concentration entering and leaving a sampling and measurement system segment is the Penetration Fraction which is the focus of this thesis. The results in this thesis and other comparisons to the model have shown close correlation within the measurement uncertainties of 14%. The penetration efficiency model used in this work was developed by UTRC and has been improved over the years to account for various differences between measured and predicted. Using the results presented in this thesis, the UTRC model presents a better alternative to the measurements of the penetration efficiencies for the ARP compliant sampling systems.
Author: Brandon Craig Hoffman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
The SAE E-31 Aircraft Engine Gas & Particulate Emissions Measurement Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) 6320 {Ref. 17} describes procedures recommended for continuous sampling conditions and instrumentation for measurement of non-volatile particle number and mass emissions from the exhaust of aircraft gas turbine engines. Throughout the creation of the ARP, many tests were conducted to determine the best way to collect and measure non-volatile particulate matter from turbine engines to preserve sample integrity and minimize the losses through the system; including sampling, conditioning, and measurement. Based on the results of these tests, a system was built by Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), which they own and operate. A few other in-house systems were built by other organizations, but it wasn't until Anstalt für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen List (AVL) of Graz, Austria started to produce and manufacture an ARP6320 compliant sampling system that it was commercially available for purchase. The first prototype was delivered to Arnold Engineering Development Complex. Even though the AVL sampling system and the MS&T sampling system are compliant with the ARP6320, there were some differences between the two systems which begged the question, will each system produce the same or similar results? The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) VAriable Response In Aircraft Non-Volatile Particulate Matter Testing (VARIAnT) 2 was established to answer these questions and more. This thesis concentrates on a small portion of this test campaign, specifically the ability of the systems to transport non-volatile or carbon black particles to instruments for measurement of mass, number, and size. The ratio of non-volatile particle concentration entering and leaving a sampling and measurement system segment is the Penetration Fraction which is the focus of this thesis. The results in this thesis and other comparisons to the model have shown close correlation within the measurement uncertainties of 14%. The penetration efficiency model used in this work was developed by UTRC and has been improved over the years to account for various differences between measured and predicted. Using the results presented in this thesis, the UTRC model presents a better alternative to the measurements of the penetration efficiencies for the ARP compliant sampling systems.
Author: Andreas Mayer
Publisher: expert verlag
ISBN: 9783816928508
Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Author: Jr., James P. Lodge
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351431838
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 792
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Book Description
Includes precise directions for a long list of contaminants! All contaminants you can analyze or monitor with a given method are consolidated together to facilitate use. This book is especially valuable for indoor and outdoor air pollution control, industrial hygiene, occupational health, analytical chemists, engineers, health physicists, biologists, toxicologists, and instrument users.
Author: R M Harrison
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1788015142
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
Time-activity diaries kept by members of the general public indicate that on average people spend around 90% of their time indoors, this is associated with considerable exposure to air pollutants. Given its importance as a source of air pollution exposure, increasing attention is being given to pollution of the indoor environment. This volume will consider both chemical and biological pollutants in the indoor atmosphere from their sources to chemical and physical transformations, human exposure and potential effects on human health.
Author: E-31P Particulate Matter Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a method for assessing size dependent particle losses in a sampling and measurement system of specified geometry utilizing the non-volatile PM (nvPM) mass and number concentrations measured at the end of the sampling system.1 The penetration functions of the sampling and measurement system may be determined either by measurement or by analytic computational methods.Loss mechanisms including thermophoretic (which has a very weak size dependence) and size dependent losses are considered in this method2 along with the uncertainties due to both measurement error and the assumptions of the method. The results of this system loss assessment allow development of estimated correction factors for nvPM mass and number concentrations to account for the system losses facilitating estimation of the nvPM mass and number at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane. As the particle losses are size dependent, the magnitude of correction factors can vary as a function of many factors including combustor technology and engine operating condition.Implementation of the nvPM sampling and measurement system for aircraft engine testing, as per AIR6037, requires a sample line of up to 35 m and includes several sampling and measurement system components, which result in significant particle loss on the order of 50% for nvPM mass and 90% for nvPM number.The system loss correction factors are estimated based on a model with the following inputs and assumptions: engine exhaust exit plane nvPM have a lognormal distribution, known size dependent values of nvPM effective density and geometric standard deviation, a minimum particle size cut-off of 10 nm, and no coagulation. This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes a method for calculating correction factors to account for system particle losses when performing non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) measurement as specified in AIR6037. Such sampling and measurement systems have significant line length and several components that result in particle losses. The particle losses are size dependent and hence depend on many factors including combustor technology and engine operating condition resulting in a reduction in measurement of the order of 50% for nvPM mass concentration and 90% for nvPM number concentration. Estimation of engine exit plane nvPM mass and number concentrations are improved by developing a calculation method to account for these losses. The approach used in this AIR will involve separate correction factors for measured nvPM mass and number concentrations, which will be calculated using measured or calculated line and component penetration efficiencies. These calculations will be based on assumptions of a lognormal particle size distribution at the engine exit with a known associated lognormal width, and an equivalent spherical particle shape with a corresponding known effective particle density. These resulting correction factors will then be used to estimate the total particle losses in the sampling and measurement system for nvPM mass and number, and will thus be used to infer the engine exit plane concentrations of nvPM mass and number. AIR6504 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy.
Author: Pratim Biswas
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110729555
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Author: E-31P Particulate Matter Committee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) details the recommended process for correcting measured non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number data for particle losses in the sampling and measurement system specified in ARP6320. This technique is only recommended for conditions where both nvPM mass and number concentration measurements are in the valid measurement ranges of the instruments which are discussed in the tool limitations section. This ARP also supplies an Excel® software tool with documentation to automate the process.The body of the ARP details the recommended calculation method, uncertainties and limitations of the system loss correction factors. It explains, in detail, the required inputs and outputs from the supplied Excel® software tool (developed on Windows 7, Excel® 2016). Also included are: The Excel® correction tools (Attachments I and V). Installation instructions for a Windows based computer (Attachment II). A user technical manual (Attachment III) describing functions used within the tool and optional Excel® add-in (Attachment VI). Multiple Sample Test Cases (Attachment IV).The Excel® tools are intended to do the full calculation described in AIR6504. This ARP provides documentation for the Excel® spreadsheet system loss tool lite version (nvPM System Loss Tool v2_5_Lite.xlsm). The difference between the full tool and lite tool is described in Appendix C. Attachments III and VI are also described in Appendix C. If the user has produced her/his own software for the AIR6504 correction, comparison of results from this tool may be used to verify that software.This ARP does not contain the full description of the sampling and measurement system described in ARP6320. The correction technique is only briefly discussed in this ARP. More detailed information is provided in the AIR6054. This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) details the recommended process for estimating non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number concentrations at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane (EENEP) of an aircraft gas turbine engine. This ARP details the process for determining sampling and measurement system particle loss correction factors that will allow non-volatile Particulate Matter (nvPM) mass and number data measured at the ARP6320 [Reference 2.1.1.1] instruments to be adjusted to represent values at the engine exhaust nozzle exit plane. It also supplies an Excel® software tool with documentation to automate the process.The nvPM sampling and measurement system described in ARP6320 has significant size dependent particle losses. These can be up to approximately 50% for nvPM mass concentration and up to approximately 90% for nvPM number concentration. The particle losses are size dependent and hence are dependent on engine operating condition, combustor technology and possibly other factors. Estimation of EENEP nvPM mass and number concentrations is improved by accounting for these losses.AIR6504 [Reference 2.1.1.2] discusses nvPM loss mechanisms in detail. AIR6504 also summarizes the technique to estimate correction factors for measured nvPM mass and number concentrations, using measured nvPM data and measured, or calculated, line and component penetration efficiencies. The technique described in AIR6504 requires the numerical solution of a set of non-linear equations.This ARP6481 summarizes the loss correction factor calculation method discussed in AIR6504 and supplies an Excel® tool to solve the non-linear equations.
Author:
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author: Daniel A. Vallero
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128149353
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 571
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Book Description
Air Pollution Calculations introduces the equations and formulae that are most important to air pollution, but goes a step further. Most texts lack examples of how these equations and formulae apply to the quantification of real-world scenarios and conditions. The ample example calculations apply to current air quality problems, including emission inventories, risk estimations, biogeochemical cycling assessments, and efficiencies in air pollution control technologies. In addition, the book explains thermodynamics and fluid dynamics in step-by-step and understandable calculations using air quality and multimedia modeling, reliability engineering and engineering economics using practical examples likely to be encountered by scientists, engineers, managers and decision makers. The book touches on the environmental variables, constraints and drivers that can influence pollutant mass, volume and concentrations, which in turn determine toxicity and adverse outcomes caused by air pollution. How the pollutants form, move, partition, transform and find their fate are explained using the entire range of atmospheric phenomena. The control, prevention and mitigation of air pollution are explained based on physical, chemical and biological principles which is crucial to science-based policy and decision-making. Users will find this to be a comprehensive, single resource that will help them understand air pollution, quantify existing data, and help those whose work is impacted by air pollution. Explains air pollution in a comprehensive manner, enabling readers to understand how to measure and assess risks to human populations and ecosystems actually or potentially exposed to air pollutants Covers air pollution from a multivariate, systems approach, bringing in atmospheric processes, health impacts, environmental impacts, controls and prevention Facilitates an understanding of broad factors, like climate and transport, that influence patterns and change in pollutant concentrations, both spatially and over time
