Nitrogen Fixation in High Yielding Soybean (Glycine Max., L. Merr) PDF Download
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Author: Fernando Salvagiotti
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549637431
Category : Nitrogen fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Fernando Salvagiotti
Publisher: ProQuest
ISBN: 9780549637431
Category : Nitrogen fertilizers
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Santiago Tamagno
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants can capture atmospheric nitrogen (N) through symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria in a process called "biological N fixation" (BNF), reducing the reliance on synthetic fertilizers. To meet growth of the global population and increasing demand for quality protein and oil, the need for soybean will inexorably grow. One of the challenges to further improve soybean seed yield is the high demand of N in comparison to cereals and other oilseed crops. Further characterization of the environmental and management effects on BNF process is needed to enhance its capacity for supplying N to the crop. This dissertation is organized in four chapters outlining these topics through a series of experiments describing the association between plant nutrition, BNF, and seed composition with seed yield generation. Chapter 1 presents a synthesis analysis on a nutrient-based physiological framework on four key variables determining N efficiency in soybean (i.e., seed yield, N seed concentration, total N uptake, and nitrogen harvest index). Results showed that N partitioning to the seeds is the main parameter responsible in seed yield variation instead of N seed concentration. An experiment in Chapter 2 explored the hypothesis of the carbon (C) cost of BNF on biomass production, yield formation, and seed composition. Chapters 3 and 4 explored the historical component behind seed yield generation and seed composition. Results from Chapter 3 describe the shift in allocation of reproductive biomass using the allometric approach, whereas Chapter 4 provides a detailed description of the dynamics of oil and fatty acid accumulation under two N regimes.
Author: Luiz Moro Rosso
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production currently faces several challenges linked to global food security (both quantity and quality) raised by an overgrowing human population, limited cropland, and diversified dietary in developed regions. To sustain seed yield and high protein levels, soybeans depend on large nitrogen (N) uptake, which is mostly attained by the symbiotic N fixation (SNF) process. Although SNF has been extensively investigated with single assessments during the season, just a few recent reports looked at the temporality of N sources (soil and SNF) while taking into consideration seasonal dry matter accumulation and soil nitrate (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) availability. Furthermore, it is still unclear how the overall changes in N uptake dynamics supports yield formation and seed components among canopy portions, especially considering the branches as potential contributors for high yield in modern genotypes. Following this rationale, this project presents two overall objectives: 1) to identify the impact of soil NO3 and NH4 temporal availability on seasonal SNF [N derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa)], N uptake, and dry matter accumulation (herein called study 1); and 2) to characterize seed yield, protein, oil, amino acids (AA), and fatty acids (FA) from the main stem and branches (herein called study 2) for different commercial soybean varieties. To address the first objective, four genotypes were field grown at Manhattan (Kansas, US) during 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. Dry matter, N concentration, N uptake, Ndfa, fixed N, soil NO3, and NH4 (60-cm depth) were measured at six phenological stages, along with seed yield, protein, and oil concentration at harvest time. Seasonal exposure to NH4 (area under the curve) showed a stronger suppression of Ndfa at the end of the season than NO3. However, a mid-season NO3 peak delayed uptake from soil and SNF, but only decreased maximum uptake rates from SNF. Additionally, dry matter was used as a seasonal linear predictor of fixed N to simplify the process model. However, this relationship was deeply affected by soil N availability across environments (boundary functions) and also by a potential dry matter threshold around 5 Mg ha−1 across genotypes and site-years. For the second objective, another four genotypes were field-grown during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons at Ashland Bottoms and Rossville (Kansas, US), respectively. At harvest time, seeds from the upper, middle, lower main stem, and branch nodes were manually separated and assessed for yield, seed size, protein, and oil (seed content and concentration), abundance of limiting AA within protein, and FA ratio (oleic / linoleic + linolenic). The accumulation of protein was more responsive to node position than oil, determining high protein concentration in the upper main stem and high oil concentration in the lower main stem nodes. However, the protein quality (limiting AA) was higher in the lower main stem, while the FA ratio (oil quality) was greater in the upper section of the plant. Branches presented the less-rich seed composition relative to the main stem, but their contribution to yield was positively associated with oil and limiting AA abundance across genotypes. In summary, the main outcomes of the present thesis are related to 1) the importance of soil NO3 and NH4 to regulate Ndfa during the season, 2) the timing of Ndfa assessment or prediction for an accurate fixed N calculation throughout the season, and 3) the underlaying effect of branch yield allocation on the seed composition of the whole soybean plant, plausibly moderating changes across genotypes, environments, and management practices. A better understanding of soybean N acquisition and allocation for yield and quality formation within the plant is important to sustain the yield increase, offset protein decay, and assure cropping systems sustainability and food security in a long-term standpoint.
![Assessment of the Rotational Influence and Nitrogen Contribution of Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.] to Subsequent Crops PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/mqmhAAAAMAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Timothy S. Maloney
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 346
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Author: Linda Louise Nustad
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: Mansoor Tasdighi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crop yields
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Author: Jayne T. MacLean
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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![Factors Affecting Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Soybeans [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.]. PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/IpXuaddlqL4C?fife=w80-h100)
Author: R. J. Lawn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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![Evaluation of Di-nitrogen Fixation in Early and Late Developmental Stages of Soybean (Glycine Max [L.] Merr.) PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/_Jj2wQEACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Raphael Lemes Hamawaki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nitrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Nitrogen (N) is present in proteins, enzymes, cell structures, purines and pyrimidines in DNA and RNA molecules, photosynthetic pigments, and several other types of molecules in all living organisms. Nonetheless, even though N makes up more than 78% of the atmosphere, it is reported to be the most frequent deficient nutrient in plants. Nitrate (NO3- ) and ammonium (NH4+) are the N forms absorbed by plants from soil, but legume crops can establish symbiotic relationships with rhizobia bacteria, and fix N2 from the atmosphere. In soybean, increasing yield and protein content are raising the crop's N requirement; therefore, enhanced N2 fixation is seen as a reliable path to avoid the use of N fertilizers. In this study, the objective was to perform a comprehensive screening in greenhouse and field conditions of soybean genotypes for traits related to N2 fixation. The purpose was to identify among the soybean genotypes different N2 fixation profiles at early and late stages, as well as to investigate their capacity to accumulate above-ground N and supply carry-over N to following crops. The results showed different profiles among the soybean genotypes for early and late N2 fixation capacity, both in greenhouse and field evaluations. Different traits were correlated to either early or late N2 fixation activity. Soybean and winter-rye shoot dry mass were evaluated in the field to assess above-ground N accumulation and carry-over N, respectively. Soybean genotypes were identified with specific capacities to accumulate N in above-ground biomass or supply N to winter-rye. The patterns of N2 fixation identified in this study, as well as the different abilities to accumulate N above-ground or supply N to following crops, could assist in the selection of superior lines with improved N2 fixation capacity.
Author: Lisbet Ann Phillips
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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