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Author: Richard T. Herman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047057030X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
A provocative look at the remarkable contributions of high-skill immigrant entrepreneurs in America Both a revelation and a call-to-action, Immigrant, Inc. explores the uncommon skill and drive of America's new immigrants and their knack for innovation and entrepreneurship. From the techies who created icons of the new economy-Intel, Google, eBay and Sun Microsystems-to the young engineers tinkering with solar power and next-generation car batteries, immigrants have proven themselves to be America's competitive advantage. With a focus on legal immigrants and their odyssey from homeland to start-up, this unique book Explores the psyche, cultural nuances, skills, and business strategies that help immigrants achieve remarkable success Explains how immigrants will create the American jobs of the future-if we let them Whether you are a CEO, a civic leader, or an entrepreneur yourself, Immigrant, Inc. warns of the peril of anti-immigrant attitudes and a hostile immigration process. It also explains how any American can tap their "inner immigrant" to transform their lives and their companies. Written by an immigration lawyer who represents immigrant entrepreneurs and a journalist who specializes in international culture, the authors have a front-row seat to this phenomenon, offering a fascinating glimpse into the mindset of the most persistent entrepreneurs of the era.
Author: Richard T. Herman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 047057030X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Get Book Here
Book Description
A provocative look at the remarkable contributions of high-skill immigrant entrepreneurs in America Both a revelation and a call-to-action, Immigrant, Inc. explores the uncommon skill and drive of America's new immigrants and their knack for innovation and entrepreneurship. From the techies who created icons of the new economy-Intel, Google, eBay and Sun Microsystems-to the young engineers tinkering with solar power and next-generation car batteries, immigrants have proven themselves to be America's competitive advantage. With a focus on legal immigrants and their odyssey from homeland to start-up, this unique book Explores the psyche, cultural nuances, skills, and business strategies that help immigrants achieve remarkable success Explains how immigrants will create the American jobs of the future-if we let them Whether you are a CEO, a civic leader, or an entrepreneur yourself, Immigrant, Inc. warns of the peril of anti-immigrant attitudes and a hostile immigration process. It also explains how any American can tap their "inner immigrant" to transform their lives and their companies. Written by an immigration lawyer who represents immigrant entrepreneurs and a journalist who specializes in international culture, the authors have a front-row seat to this phenomenon, offering a fascinating glimpse into the mindset of the most persistent entrepreneurs of the era.
Author: John Haltiwanger
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022645407X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
Measuring Entrepreneurial Businesses: Current Knowledge and Challenges brings together and unprecedented group of economists, data providers, and data analysts to discuss research on the state of entrepreneurship and to address the challenges in understanding this dynamic part of the economy. Each chapter addresses the challenges of measuring entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurial firms contribute to economies and standards of living. The book also investigates heterogeneity in entrepreneurs, challenges experienced by entrepreneurs over time, and how much less we know than we think about entrepreneurship given data limitations. This volume will be a groundbreaking first serious look into entrepreneurship in the NBER's Income and Wealth series.
Author: AnnaLee Saxenian
Publisher: Public Policy Instit. of CA
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Author: Aliaksei Kazlou
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 917929989X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
Immigrant entrepreneurs are known to be heterogeneous in terms of available resources and entrepreneurial outcomes. However, this heterogeneity, as well as immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness in social networks and the institutional context of high-income welfare states such as Sweden, remains understudied. Sweden represents an interesting case as a popular immigration destination which liberalized its migration policy for entrepreneurs and changed other regulations, encouraging immigrant entrepreneurship after 2008. Theoretically, the dissertation contributes to the mixed embeddedness approach to immigrant entrepreneurship by considering three stages of the entrepreneurial process – entry, performance, and potential exit – in a changing institutional environment. Methodologically, the dissertation operationalizes the mixed embeddedness approach by studying these three stages – entry (propensity to start a business), performance (entrepreneurial incomes), and potential exit (duration in business) – among different categories of immigrants. Explanatory factors are drawn from three levels of analysis: institutional change (macro), social, ethnic and family networks (meso), and the individual’s human capital (micro). A range of statistical tools is used for empirical analyses: Difference-in-difference methods in combination with Coarsened Exact Matching and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition are used to investigate the influence of institutional change on entrepreneurial entry and performance. Survival models based on Cox regression are applied to investigate the influence of social and family ties on the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit. A combination of clustering and association analysis allows heterogeneity to be approached via the categorization of immigrant entrepreneurs. Empirically, based on rich data from Swedish registers, the dissertation reveals that the propensity to start businesses in expanding ICT industries among labour immigrants was increased, and performance in terms of income among new immigrant entrepreneurs was improved after institutional change, compared to earlier. It also stresses that family networks mitigate a lack of other resources for refugee entrepreneurs, allowing them to stay in business longer. Two main categories of new immigrant entrepreneurs were distinguished in the overall heterogeneous population. The dissertation consists of four papers and an introductory chapter. Invandrarföretagare uppvisar stor heterogenitet när det gäller tillgängliga resurser och framgång i sitt företagande. Denna heterogenitet, liksom invandrarföretagens inbäddning i sociala nätverk och i den svenska välfärdsstatens institutionella kontext, är emellertid understuderad. Sverige utgör ett intressant fall eftersom det är ett land med relativt stor invandring som efter 2008 liberaliserade migrationspolitiken för företagare och på olika sätt uppmuntrade invandrares företagande. Teoretiskt bidrar avhandlingen till mixed embeddedness-perspektivet genom att analysera tre stadier i entreprenörsprocessen: uppstart, utveckling och eventuell avveckling, i förhållande till institutionell förändring. Mixed embeddedness operationaliseras i avhandlingen genom att olika kategorier invandrare studeras vid olika steg i entreprenörsprocessen; uppstart (benägenhet att starta ett företag), utveckling (företagarinkomster) samt eventuell avveckling (varaktighet i företaget) och genom att förklarande faktorer studeras på tre analysnivåer: institutionell förändring (makro), sociala, etniska och familjenätverk (meso) samt individens humankapital (mikro). En rad statistiska verktyg används för de empiriska analyserna; Difference-in-difference-metoder i kombination med Coarsened Exact Matching och Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition används för att undersöka hur institutionella förändringar påverkar uppstart och utveckling. Överlevnadsmodeller baserade på Cox-regression tillämpas för att undersöka hur sociala nätverk och familjeband påverkar sannolikheten för avveckling. Med en kombination av klusteranalys och associationsanalys undersöks mönster i heterogeniteten bland invandrarföretagarna genom kategorisering. Empiriskt, baserat på detaljerade data från svenska register, visar avhandlingen att benägenheten att starta verksamhet inom IKT-branschen ökade bland arbetskraftsinvandrare, samt att inkomsterna bland nya invandrarföretagare förbättrades efter en period av institutionell förändring. Avhandlingen visar även att familjenätverk motverkar bristen på andra resurser för företagare med flyktingbakgrund, vilket gör att de kan stanna i verksamheten längre. Två huvudkategorier går att urskilja i den heterogena gruppen av företagare. Avhandlingen är en sammanläggning av fyra artiklar och en inledande kappa.
Author: Richard John Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 318
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Book Description
This study is about the role of immigrants and minority businesses in a recent community development initiative administered by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The Federal Renewal Community, Empowerment Zone and Enterprise Community (RC/EZ/EC) programs spanned the Clinton and Bush administrations and promised to be a synthesis of the two poles of community development policy in that the Federal government would invest in people in a particular place. The regulatory goals of this program are to develop community and faith-based partnerships, promote economic opportunity and advance sustainable community development. Local governments applied for and won the first wave of 8 EZ and 65 ECs in 1994. Later HUD designated 15 urban EZs in 1998 and in the year 2001 designated 8 EZs and 40 Renewal Communities. Meanwhile, the immigration to the US had increased dramatically through workers, refugee inflows and family reunification. How did the RC/EZ/EC program that was targeted to neighborhoods with high poverty and unemployment incorporate immigrants compared to native born? The introduction reviews the evolution of the program in the context of community development and entrepreneurship in the United States. The introduction also describes specific program components using a typology of four types of communities 1) those with high immigration and services targeted to immigrants; 2) those with low immigration and no services targeted to immigrants; 3) those with high immigration but without services targeted to immigrants and 4) those with low immigration but services targeted to immigrants none the less. The most interesting finding from the analysis of the reports is that about one third of low immigration communities actively recruit immigrants and immigrant entrepreneurs in their community economic development strategy. The second chapter asks if there a policy treatment effect of the EZECs compared to the rest of the county on entrepreneurship controlling for the jobs housing imbalance and longitudinal immigration trends. The rate of native born entrepreneurs in wage credit EZs increased 14 to 24% from 1990 to 2000 holding other variables constant (N=134). In regards to the impact of the EZEC on the jobs housing imbalance, there was a 6 to 17% reduction in target areas compared to the rest of the county holding other variables constant (N=162). The third chapter compares changes from 1990 to 2007 in business and non-profit establishments in RC/EZ/ECs in California, chosen because it is a high immigration state, and Tennessee, a low immigration state, using the National Establishment Time Series Database. There was a 25% increase in jobs for businesses with five or fewer employees in the wage credit areas during the wage credit period holding pre-intervention levels and trends for control and other treatment groups constant. However, minority businesses in California in wage credit areas experienced a 15% reduction in job growth holding other variables constant. The biggest effect size was a doubling of new wage credit eligible businesses in wage credit areas. On the other hand, the retail sector experienced a one time 30% reduction in new firms. For businesses with five or fewer employees, there was a 23% increase in new businesses holding other variables constant, but this was accompanied by a 3% reduction in the rate of new business formation. Minority businesses in Tennessee also saw a 115% increase in new businesses. The last section concludes with recommendations for theory, research and policy. In particular, the Obama Administration has no plans to continue the RC/EZ/EC program. The new urban program is called the Sustainable Communities program and this is tied to parallel programs in the Department of Transportation and the Environmental Protection Agency. While the emphasis on sustainability can recover a missed opportunities in the EZ/EC principals, the shift to a regional planning approach may lead to disinvestment in low income neighborhoods that are not well connected to transit. Overall, the while the literature is mixed on the impact of the RC/EZ/EC program on neighborhoods, my research adds to the literature that argues that the program has a net social gain. However, additional outreach, training and credit strategies are needed to reach immigrant and minority entrepreneurs.
Author: Ina Ganguli
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022669576X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.
Author: Javier Enrique Hernandez Molina
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Recent immigrants in pro-immigration countries face the burden of economic instability due to lack of host country work experience, resulting in job search in the unskilled labor market as cashiers, grocery packers or waiters. At the same time, many other immigrants have taken on entrepreneurship by starting businesses that reflect deep linkages to their mother country (nationalism) in terms of products, network and cultural work environment, establishing a source of unskilled employment for other immigrants. However, there are both practical and theoretical needs to understand intergroup phenomena occurring when an immigrant intends to apply for work in a business of different ethnicity. This paper explores job seekers’ perceptions of nationalistic ethnic businesses concerning intergroup feelings (prejudice and group competition), social identity issues (nationalism) and perceived job opportunities. Results on an experiment of immigrants in Montreal indicated that, consistent with the main hypothesis, nationalistic businesses are deemed more prejudiced by job seekers than non-nationalistic ones. Interestingly, the evidence also suggested that job seekers regard each business ethnicity differently and that those prior ethnic impressions affected levels of expected prejudice. Moreover, individual variables such as job seeker’s openness to experience and ethnic identification revealed marginally significant impact on perceived prejudice. This work helps enlighten literature in intergroup conflict in the context of job search and ethnic business and enhance literature on immigrant experience. Important practical implications for recent immigrants, ethnic businesses and immigration policies are discussed in favor of reducing perceived prejudice in multicultural countries.
Author: Elżbieta M. Goździak
Publisher: Lexington Books
ISBN: 9780739106372
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
This handbook provides a review of promising practices and strategies facilitating immigrant integration, especially in new settlement areas. The purpose of this handbook is to foster a constructive approach to newcomers and community change.
Author: Akiko S. Hosler
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9780815331711
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 246
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Book Description
This book examines the entrepreneurial activities of contemporary Japanese immigrants in New York to determine what makes their pattern of business so unique. Existing theories of immigrant entrepreneurship focus on a specific mode of business -- retail or light manufacturing -- characterized by entrepreneurs who come to the U.S. in a chain-like pattern, make intensive use of cheap co-ethnic labor, and grow rapidly through horizontal and/or vertical integration. This study shows that Japanese immigrant businesses do not fit this model because their advantaged national origin no longer requires such strategies.The author finds that most Japanese entrepreneurs come to the U.S. as independent adults, rather than as part of chain migration. They receive occupational training through education institutions and formal employment, then move into business ownership as realization of long-term career goals. These entrepreneurs do use ethnic resources to gain access to customers, business contacts, finances and employees, but they also make liberal use of non-ethnic resources, and there is no evidence of the use of a traditional informal banking system. The study finds that the business typology constructed by the ethnic origin of products and customers is useful for predicting the use of ethnic- and non-ethnic resources, as well as for measuring the level of assimilation of the business owner.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030503642
Category : Entrepreneurship
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This book draws on evidence from global cities around the world and explores various dimensions of immigrant entrepreneurship and urban development. It provides a substantive contribution to the existing literature in several ways. First of all, it pursues a comparative approach, with case studies from both the global north and global south, so as to broaden the theoretical framework in this area especially as pertinent to emerging economies. Second, it covers multiple scales, from local community place-making, to urban contexts of reception, to transnational networks and connections. Third, it combines approaches and research methods from numerous disciplines, investigating entry dynamics, trends and patterns, business performance, challenges, and the impact of immigrant entrepreneurship in urban areas. Finally, it pays particular attention to current international experiences regarding urban policies on immigrant entrepreneurship. Given its scope, the book will be an enlightening read for anyone interested in immigration, entrepreneurship and urban development issues around the globe. As global cities around the world continue to attract both domestic migrants and international migrants to their bustling metropolises, immigrant entrepreneurship is emerging as an important urban phenomenon that calls for careful examination. From Chinatown in New York, to Silicon Valley in San Francisco, to Little Africa in Guangzhou, immigrant-owned businesses are not only changing the business landscape in their host communities, but also transforming the spatial, economic, social, and cultural dynamics of cities and regions.
