New Genetic Baseline for Upper Cook Inlet Chinook Salmon Allows for the Identification of More Stocks in Mixed Stock Fisheries PDF Download
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Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
This report describes an updated genetic baseline for Upper Cook Inlet Chinook salmon that allows for the identification of more stocks in mixed stock fisheries than previously possible. Chinook salmon are harvested in commercial, sport, subsistence, and personal use fisheries in Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska. Harvests often occur in areas where stocks intermingle, highlighting the need for understanding stock of origin in fishery catches to improve fishery management. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) has been used to estimate the stock composition of harvests in Cook Inlet since 2013. However, MSA applications have been limited by inadequate genetic structure, making northern Cook Inlet stocks of management and fishery importance difficult to distinguish: west Cook Inlet, Yentna River, and western Susitna stocks were indistinguishable; and eastern Susitna River and Matanuska River stocks were indistinguishable. Here we use cutting-edge genotyping by sequencing techniques to produce a baseline containing 67 Chinook salmon populations and 413 genetic markers and examine the baseline for population structure and test for potential reporting groups (stocks) using new baseline evaluation methods. Tests of potential reporting groups revealed 10 groups with adequate genetic divergence to meet the criteria for reporting groups. The 10 groups identified were (1) West, (2) Susitna, (3) Deshka, (4) Yentna, (5) Knik-Turnagain, (6) Kenai Mainstem, (7) Kenai Tributary, (8) Kasilof Mainstem, (9) Kasilof Tributary, and (10) South Kenai Pen. The data presented in this report will allow for more accurate, precise and finer-scale reporting group estimates for MSA studies in Cook Inlet and improved fisheries management.
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
This report describes an updated genetic baseline for Upper Cook Inlet Chinook salmon that allows for the identification of more stocks in mixed stock fisheries than previously possible. Chinook salmon are harvested in commercial, sport, subsistence, and personal use fisheries in Upper Cook Inlet, Alaska. Harvests often occur in areas where stocks intermingle, highlighting the need for understanding stock of origin in fishery catches to improve fishery management. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) has been used to estimate the stock composition of harvests in Cook Inlet since 2013. However, MSA applications have been limited by inadequate genetic structure, making northern Cook Inlet stocks of management and fishery importance difficult to distinguish: west Cook Inlet, Yentna River, and western Susitna stocks were indistinguishable; and eastern Susitna River and Matanuska River stocks were indistinguishable. Here we use cutting-edge genotyping by sequencing techniques to produce a baseline containing 67 Chinook salmon populations and 413 genetic markers and examine the baseline for population structure and test for potential reporting groups (stocks) using new baseline evaluation methods. Tests of potential reporting groups revealed 10 groups with adequate genetic divergence to meet the criteria for reporting groups. The 10 groups identified were (1) West, (2) Susitna, (3) Deshka, (4) Yentna, (5) Knik-Turnagain, (6) Kenai Mainstem, (7) Kenai Tributary, (8) Kasilof Mainstem, (9) Kasilof Tributary, and (10) South Kenai Pen. The data presented in this report will allow for more accurate, precise and finer-scale reporting group estimates for MSA studies in Cook Inlet and improved fisheries management.
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha stocks support important fisheries in Cook Inlet, Alaska. Many Chinook salmon stocks in Alaska have been in decline since 2007. Stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery was identified as one of many information gaps hindering an understanding of the reasons for these declines. Here we report genetic baseline evaluation tests for mixed stock analysis and select mixed stock analysis results using genetic and coded wire tag data (gcMSA) from Chinook salmon harvested in the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery from 2014 to 2017. Results of the baseline tests indicated adequate genetic variation to distinguish among 4 reporting groups of interest to management (Outside CI, Northern CI, Kenai, and S. Kenai Pen.). The gcMSA results were obtained from 4,780 Chinook salmon sampled from the Cook Inlet marine sport fishery. Stock composition and stock-specific harvests were estimated for the Upper Cook Inlet early fishery and Lower Cook Inlet summer and winter fisheries for all 4 years and Upper Cook Inlet late fishery for 2016 and 2017 only. The Outside CI reporting group dominated all fisheries. The contribution of Cook Inlet Chinook salmon stocks was greatest in Upper Cook Inlet and ranged from 10.1% to 24.7% in the early fishery and from 3.5% to 18.0% in the late fishery. In Lower Cook Inlet, Cook Inlet stocks contributed 1.0 to 3.9% in the summer fishery and less than 1.0% of the harvest in the winter fishery in all 4 years.
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
Chinook salmon support important commercial, sport, personal use, subsistence, and educational fisheries in Cook Inlet, Alaska with annual harvests that can exceed 100,000 fish. Many populations contribute to these harvests, which often occur in areas where stocks intermingle, so the exploitation and productivity of individual stocks are not well known. This lack of knowledge compromises both protection of stocks from overharvest and utilization of stocks with fish in excess of spawning needs. Genetic analysis, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology, holds promise in discriminating among discrete fish stocks in fishery samples if adequate stock structure exists. Here, we examine a baseline of 30 populations using 46 SNP markers to determine population structure, which provides insight into potential identifiable units (reporting groups) for mixed stock analysis (MSA). Greater genetic diversity was found in southern stocks than in northern stocks, indicating a greater potential for stock discrimination among southern stocks than in northern stocks. An ongoing study to increase the representation and the number of populations and the number of markers in the baseline will provide a more comprehensive analysis for the potential reporting groups for MSA.
Author: Andrew W. Barclay
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Chinook salmon support important commercial, sport, personal use, subsistence, and educational fisheries in Cook Inlet, Alaska with annual harvests that can exceed 90,000 fish. Many populations contribute to these harvests, which often occur in areas where stocks intermingle, so the exploitation and productivity of individual stocks are not well known. This lack of knowledge compromises both protection of stocks from overharvest and utilization of stocks with fish in excess of spawning needs. Genetic analysis, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) technology, can discriminate among discrete fish stocks in fishery samples if adequate stock structure exists. Here, we update a peviously reported baseline of 30 populations using 46 SNP markers with an additional 25 populations and a subset of 42 SNP markers to determine population structure and test potential reporting groups for mixed stock analysis (MSA). After nearly doubling the number of populations in the baseline, southern region stocks continue to have greater genetic diversity than northern region stocks.
Author: Martin Schuster
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Information about stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries is needed to understand the decline in productivity of Cook Inlet stocks. From 2014 through 2018, mixed stock genetic analysis was used to determine the stock composition of Chinook salmon harvest samples from Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries. Four genetic reporting groups were selected to represent Cook Inlet and non-Cook Inlet stocks: Outside Cook Inlet, Northern Cook Inlet, Kenai, and Southern Kenai Peninsula. Genetic reporting group stock composition and harvests were estimated annually for the following fisheries: the Upper Cook Inlet summer early and late fisheries, the Lower Cook Inlet summer fishery, and the winter fishery. The Outside Cook Inlet reporting group composed most of the harvest in all fisheries and all years (70.1–99.8%). The contribution of Cook Inlet Chinook salmon stocks was greatest in the Upper Cook Inlet fisheries (3.5–29.9%) and lowest in the winter fisheries (0.02%). Mixed stock analysis for immature and mature Chinook salmon revealed that almost all immature fish (97.6–99.2%), and a large portion of mature fish (40–81%) harvested in Cook Inlet are from nonlocal stocks. Biological data collected from Chinook salmon harvests in these fisheries indicate that older, larger, and more mature Chinook salmon are harvested in the Upper Cook Inlet summer fisheries. Coded wire tags were used to quantify known origin Chinook salmon harvests, but very few Cook Inlet tags (2) were recovered over the 5-year study. This project provides valuable stock-specific harvest information that can be used by managers to adaptively regulate Cook Inlet saltwater sport fisheries.
Author: Kyle Shedd
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
The primary goal of this study was to estimate the stock of origin, age, size, and sex composition of Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, harvested in Westward Region commercial and Kodiak area sport fisheries during 2014--2016 as part of the larger statewide Chinook Salmon Research Initiative. Chinook salmon commercial and sport harvest in the Kodiak area were sampled from 2014 to 2016; however, budgetary constraints limited sampling of North Peninsula, South Peninsula, and Chignik commercial harvest to 2014. A total of 10,154 Chinook salmon tissue samples were collected from 4 commercial fishery areas and sport fisheries in the Kodiak area. Of these, 8,829 samples were genotyped to represent 25 spatiotemporal strata. Stock compositions were estimated with genetic mixed stock analysis for all strata using a comprehensive, coastwide Chinook salmon baseline with important local stocks defined as separate reporting groups, to the extent possible. Harvests in both the commercial and marine sport fisheries were dominated by British Columbia and West Coast U.S. stocks, followed by smaller contributions from Southeast Alaska/Northeast Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet, and Kodiak. Stock composition estimates were consistent among strata within commercial and marine sport harvests, although there were differences between these fisheries. In the annual commercial harvest, over 50% of the fish were from British Columbia and over 30% of the fish were from the West Coast U.S. In the marine sport fishery, the relative abundance of British Columbia and West Coast U.S. fish varied, but jointly represented over 80% of annual harvest. In both the commercial and sport fisheries, the annual harvest of Kodiak-origin Chinook salmon was below 5% of the total harvest. These results provide the most comprehensive estimates of stock composition and stock-specific harvests of Chinook salmon in the Kodiak area, supplement previous studies, and should inform fishery management and regulatory decision makers.
Author: Sara Ellen Gilk
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Chinook salmon are harvested in subsistence, commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries throughout the Copper River drainage and in nearshore marine waters. This project was designed to estimate the stock-specific harvest of Chinook salmon in the Copper River District commercial drift gillnet fishery using genetics samples from 2013 through 2017. The Chinook Salmon Research Initiative identified the Copper River as 1 of 12 indicator stocks representing the diverse life history and migratory characteristics of Alaska Chinook salmon. Adult abundance information was identified as a fundamental knowledge gap, including the absence of programs to estimate stock-specific harvest in mixed stock commercial fisheries. This project applied the available baseline of genetic information representing Chinook salmon populations from within the Copper River drainage, around the Gulf of Alaska, and from southern populations to estimate the relative stock compositions of Chinook salmon harvests in the Copper River District commercial fishery. The results show that most of the fish in the Copper River commercial fishery originated from Copper River populations, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. A consistent temporal pattern in the composition of the commercial fishery harvests was observed across the 5-year study. As the season progressed, the proportion of Upper Copper River Chinook salmon decreased, and the proportion of Lower Copper River Chinook salmon increased. The unusually high proportions of nonlocal Chinook salmon in the commercial harvest occurring during 2 of the study years (2014 and 2015) align with other reports of large numbers of out-of-area Chinook salmon in commercial fisheries throughout the southern and southeastern seaboards of Alaska. The results support the historical commercial management approach of providing inriver passage for all temporal components of the run. Genetic data allow for estimating the stock-specific harvests of wild stocks or stocks (with and without coded wire tags) from other areas.
Author: Mark J. Witteveen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
Recent low runs of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Alaska have resulted in an increased interest in developing a more comprehensive genetic baseline. A genetic baseline will allow for examination of potential impacts of fisheries on Chinook salmon stocks using mixed stock analysis. Potential hatchery contributions to fisheries will be determined using parental based tagging of Pillar Creek Hatchery Chinook salmon. There are several stocks in the Westward Region that do not have good representation in the genetic baseline, specifically on the north Alaska Peninsula and adjacent areas and near and on Kodiak Island. This document describes a plan to sample the Chinook salmon stocks in these areas to improve the genetic baseline.
Author: Mark J. Witteveen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Recent low runs of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Alaska have resulted in an increased interest in developing a more comprehensive genetic baseline throughout the state. An updated genetic baseline will allow for additional spatial resolution when examination of potential impacts of fisheries on Chinook salmon stocks using mixed stock analysis. These sampling efforts resulted in surveys of 33 areas, 27 of which resulted in new Chinook salmon collections, with 15 of those with sufficient samples (>70 individuals) to add representation to the genetic baseline. This work increased the department's knowledge regarding the abundance and distribution of Chinook salmon on the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island.
Author: Tony Eskelin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chinook salmon
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Chinook salmon were sampled for genetic tissue and age, sex, and length (ASL) composition from the Upper Cook Inlet Eastside set gillnet (ESSN) commercial fishery in 2015. Mixed stock analysis (MSA) was conducted on tissue samples that were collected to represent the harvest by date and area. The 4 reporting groups used to apportion the Chinook salmon harvest were Kenai River mainstem, Kenai River tributaries, Kasilof River mainstem, and Cook Inlet other. In 2015, the total reported harvest was 7,781 Chinook salmon, with an estimated composition of 5,988 (77%) Kenai River mainstem, 1,564 (20.1%) Kasilof River mainstem, 211 (2.7%) Cook Inlet other, and 19 (0.2%) Kenai River tributaries stocks. Kenai River mainstem fish have composed on average 69.1% of the harvest since 2010. Nearly all the remainder of the harvest was composed of Kasilof River mainstem fish. The overall age composition of the sample was 14.2% age-1.1 fish, 37.4% age-1.2 fish, 24.3% age-1.3 fish, 23.8% age-1.4 fish, and 0.3% age-1.5 fish. The sex composition was 69% males and 31% females. Average mid eye to tail fork (METF) length of the sample was 742 mm.
