New Chemistry with Solid-acid Catalysts in the Alkylation of Isobutane with Olefins PDF Download
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Author: American Chemical Society. Division of Petroleum Chemistry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: American Chemical Society. Division of Petroleum Chemistry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: H.J. Lovink
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Philip Kletnieks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Jorge Maximiliano Martinis Coll
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Complex reaction kinetics of the solid acid alkylation of isobutane with butenes over a proton exchanged Y-zeolite has been modeled at the elementary step level. Starting with a computer algorithm that generated the reaction network based on the fundamentals of the carbenium ion chemistry, the formation of over 100+ product species has been modeled in order to gain understanding of the underlying phenomena leading to rapid catalyst deactivation and product selectivity shifts observed in experimental runs. An experimental investigation of the solid acid alkylation process was carried out in a fixed bed catalytic reactor operating with an excess of isobutane under isothermal conditions at moderate temperatures (353-393 K) in liquid phase. Experimental data varying with run-time for a set of butene space-times and reaction temperatures were collected for parameter estimation purposes. A kinetic model was formulated in terms of rate expressions at the elementary step level including a rigorous modeling of deactivation through site coverage. The single event concept was applied to each rate coefficient at the elementary step level to achieve a significant reduction in the number of model parameters. Based on the identification of structural changes leading to the creation or destruction of symmetry axes and chiral centers in an elementary step, formulae have been developed for the calculation of the number of single events. The Evans-Polanyi relationship and the concept of stabilization energy were introduced to account for energy levels in surface-bonded carbenium ions. A novel functional dependency of the stabilization energy with the nature of the carbenium ion and the carbon number was proposed to account for energy effects from the acid sites on the catalyst. Further reductions in the number of parameters and simplification of the equations for the transient pseudohomogeneous one-dimensional plug-flow model of the reactor were achieved by means of thermodynamic constraints. Altogether, the single event concept, the Evans-Polanyi relationship, the stabilization energy approach and the thermodynamic constraints led to a set of 14 parameters necessary for a complete description of solid acid alkylation at the elementary step level.
Author: Steven A. Treese
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783319055459
Category : Petroleum
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Alexandru Platon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alkylation
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Iain Hunter Stewart
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Category :
Languages : en
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Author: Guido Busca
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 044459521X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 479
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Book Description
Heterogeneous Catalytic Materials discusses experimental methods and the latest developments in three areas of research: heterogeneous catalysis; surface chemistry; and the chemistry of catalysts. Catalytic materials are those solids that allow the chemical reaction to occur efficiently and cost-effectively. This book provides you with all necessary information to synthesize, characterize, and relate the properties of a catalyst to its behavior, enabling you to select the appropriate catalyst for the process and reactor system. Oxides (used both as catalysts and as supports for catalysts), mixed and complex oxides and salts, halides, sulfides, carbides, and unsupported and supported metals are all considered. The book encompasses applications in industrial chemistry, refinery, petrochemistry, biomass conversion, energy production, and environmental protection technologies. - Provides a systematic and clear approach of the synthesis, solid state chemistry and surface chemistry of all solid state catalysts - Covers widely used instrumental techniques for catalyst characterization, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and more - Includes characterization methods and lists all catalytic behavior of the solid state catalysts - Discusses new developments in nanocatalysts and their advantages over conventional catalysts
Author: Lyle Frederick Albright
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 480
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Author: L. Guczi
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080887147
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 2955
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Book Description
These volumes comprise the proceedings of the major international meeting on catalysis which is held at 4 year intervals. The programme focussed on New Frontiers in Catalysis including nontraditional catalytic materials and environmental catalysis. The contributions cover a wide range of fundamental, applied, industrial and engineering aspects of catalysis. The extensive range of highly efficient industrial techniques for observing and characterizing catalytically important surfaces is evident.The programme covered the following sessions: Mechanism, theory, in situ methods; Catalytic reaction on atomically clean surfaces; Catalytic reaction on zeolites and related substances; New methods and principles for catalyst preparation; Hydrotreatment reactions (HDS, HDN); Characterization of catalysts, application of novel techniques; Selective oxidation; New catalytic aspects of heteropoly acids and related compounds; Reaction of hydrocarbons; Nontraditional catalytic materials; Fuel upgrading; Alkane activation; Acid-base catalysis; New selective catalytic reactons, fine chemicals; Environmental catalysis; Industrial catalysis, deactivation, reactivation; Synthesis from syngas; Electrocatalysis; Photocatalysis.The invited lectures and 433 papers included in these volumes present an update on all areas of catalysis and applications.
