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Author: Huijing Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Lithium metal silicates, have been proposed as potential candidates for lithium-ion battery cathode applications during the past decade. In this thesis, mesoporous nanostructured lithium iron silicate and mixed iron-manganese silicate and materials were successfully synthesized via a novel two-step synthesis method using organic-assisted hydrothermal precipitation and reductive annealing and afterwards were electrochemically evaluated. In a departure from previous LFS synthesis works, ferric iron salt is used in place of ferrous salt as an iron precursor source in the present work to provide unexplored crystallization pathways to sustainable cathode material production. The first hydrothermal step involves the formation of a poorly-crystalline reaction intermediate of ferric silicate starting from the concentrated ferric precursor solution (1 M). In the second reductive annealing step, the reaction intermediate transforms into crystalline LFS yielding two different nanostructured products at 400°C and 700°C retained for electrochemical evaluation. It is demonstrated that the formation of LFS from Fe(III) precursor is made possible by the action of ethylenediamine. Obtained LFS particles are found to be predominantly monoclinic and bear an in situ formed via organic decomposition N-doped carbon coating layer. Initial galvanostatic cycling indicates that the annealing temperature of LFS formation influences the Li-ion storage profile as it shifts from two-phase reaction in ball-milled LFS700 sample to solid solution reaction type in nanograined LFS400 sample. Stable charging and discharging capacity equivalent to one Li ion intercalation were reached for the first three cycles at various cycling rates. To study the long-term electrochemical response and structural evolution, the ball-milled LFS700 material was subjected to extended period of galvanostatic cycling tests at different cycling rates at 45°C and the structure of the cycled LFS was analyzed using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. It is demonstrated that the LFS material undergoes a partial oxidation reaction induced by the electrolyte that leads to an irreversible formation of partially delithiated monoclinic LFS phase containing a fraction of ferric species. With the progression of cycling a complex structural evolution was observed to occur manifested as a combination of irreversible crystal transformation of monoclinic Li2FeIISiO4 to monoclinic LiFeIIISiO4 (inert to further intercalation) and simultaneous introduction of crystal disordering. The kinetics of these structural transformations are dependent on the applied cycling rates, with slower rates promoting the irreversible formation of the monoclinic LiFeIIISiO4 phase. By contrast the induced crystal disordering is believed to have a beneficial effect to overall capacity retention of the LFS700 cathode as no significant capacity fading was observed after 30 days.Mixed lithium iron manganese silicates were also prepared using the same synthesis method but replacing part of ferric salt precursor with manganese salt in various ratios in a preliminary effort to evaluate the effect of Mn on capacity attainment and charge compensation. The equimolar Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 obtained at 700°C was subjected to 1.5 galvanostatic cycles using post-mortem and in situ synchrotron X-ray analyses to probe the type of structural and redox state changes occurring during the formation cycle. The LFMS material registered 1.5 Li exchange during the first charge which however was found to be followed by severe irreversible loss during discharge accompanied by significant degree of structure disordering. While charge compensation via metal redox activity involving Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+ accounting for 1 Li exchange was confirmed, questions remain if the Mn3+/Mn4+ couple in LFMS could indeed enable attainment of reversible capacity beyond 1 Li"--
Author: Huijing Wei
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Lithium metal silicates, have been proposed as potential candidates for lithium-ion battery cathode applications during the past decade. In this thesis, mesoporous nanostructured lithium iron silicate and mixed iron-manganese silicate and materials were successfully synthesized via a novel two-step synthesis method using organic-assisted hydrothermal precipitation and reductive annealing and afterwards were electrochemically evaluated. In a departure from previous LFS synthesis works, ferric iron salt is used in place of ferrous salt as an iron precursor source in the present work to provide unexplored crystallization pathways to sustainable cathode material production. The first hydrothermal step involves the formation of a poorly-crystalline reaction intermediate of ferric silicate starting from the concentrated ferric precursor solution (1 M). In the second reductive annealing step, the reaction intermediate transforms into crystalline LFS yielding two different nanostructured products at 400°C and 700°C retained for electrochemical evaluation. It is demonstrated that the formation of LFS from Fe(III) precursor is made possible by the action of ethylenediamine. Obtained LFS particles are found to be predominantly monoclinic and bear an in situ formed via organic decomposition N-doped carbon coating layer. Initial galvanostatic cycling indicates that the annealing temperature of LFS formation influences the Li-ion storage profile as it shifts from two-phase reaction in ball-milled LFS700 sample to solid solution reaction type in nanograined LFS400 sample. Stable charging and discharging capacity equivalent to one Li ion intercalation were reached for the first three cycles at various cycling rates. To study the long-term electrochemical response and structural evolution, the ball-milled LFS700 material was subjected to extended period of galvanostatic cycling tests at different cycling rates at 45°C and the structure of the cycled LFS was analyzed using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. It is demonstrated that the LFS material undergoes a partial oxidation reaction induced by the electrolyte that leads to an irreversible formation of partially delithiated monoclinic LFS phase containing a fraction of ferric species. With the progression of cycling a complex structural evolution was observed to occur manifested as a combination of irreversible crystal transformation of monoclinic Li2FeIISiO4 to monoclinic LiFeIIISiO4 (inert to further intercalation) and simultaneous introduction of crystal disordering. The kinetics of these structural transformations are dependent on the applied cycling rates, with slower rates promoting the irreversible formation of the monoclinic LiFeIIISiO4 phase. By contrast the induced crystal disordering is believed to have a beneficial effect to overall capacity retention of the LFS700 cathode as no significant capacity fading was observed after 30 days.Mixed lithium iron manganese silicates were also prepared using the same synthesis method but replacing part of ferric salt precursor with manganese salt in various ratios in a preliminary effort to evaluate the effect of Mn on capacity attainment and charge compensation. The equimolar Li2Fe0.5Mn0.5SiO4 obtained at 700°C was subjected to 1.5 galvanostatic cycles using post-mortem and in situ synchrotron X-ray analyses to probe the type of structural and redox state changes occurring during the formation cycle. The LFMS material registered 1.5 Li exchange during the first charge which however was found to be followed by severe irreversible loss during discharge accompanied by significant degree of structure disordering. While charge compensation via metal redox activity involving Fe2+/Fe3+ and Mn2+/Mn3+ accounting for 1 Li exchange was confirmed, questions remain if the Mn3+/Mn4+ couple in LFMS could indeed enable attainment of reversible capacity beyond 1 Li"--
Author: Qiang Zhen
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3662586754
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 472
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Book Description
Volume 3 of a 4-volume series is a concise, authoritative and an eminently readable and enjoyable experience related to lithium ion battery design, characterization and usage for portable and stationary power. Although the major focus is on lithium metal oxides or transition metal oxide as alloys, the discussion of fossil fuels is also presented where appropriate. This monograph is written by recognized experts in the field, and is both timely and appropriate as this decade will see application of lithium as an energy carrier, for example in the transportation sector. This Volume focuses on the fundamentals related to batteries using the latest research in the field of battery physics, chemistry, and electrochemistry. The research summarised in this book by leading experts is laid out in an easy-to-understand format to enable the layperson to grasp the essence of the technology, its pitfalls and current challenges in high-power Lithium battery research. After introductory remarks on policy and battery safety, a series of monographs are offered related to fundamentals of lithium batteries, including, theoretical modeling, simulation and experimental techniques used to characterize electrode materials, both at the material composition, and also at the device level. The different properties specific to each component of the batteries are discussed in order to offer tradeoffs between power and energy density, energy cycling, safety and where appropriate end-of-life disposal. Parameters affecting battery performance and cost, longevity using newer metal oxides, different electrolytes are also reviewed in the context of safety concerns and in relation to the solid-electrolyte interface. Separators, membranes, solid-state electrolytes, and electrolyte additives are also reviewed in light of safety, recycling, and high energy endurance issues. The book is intended for a wide audience, such as scientists who are new to the field, practitioners, as well as students in the STEM and STEP fields, as well as students working on batteries. The sections on safety and policy would be of great interest to engineers and technologists who want to obtain a solid grounding in the fundamentals of battery science arising from the interaction of electrochemistry, solid-state materials science, surfaces, and interfaces.
Author: Kalim Deshmukh
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527838864
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1981
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Book Description
Comprehensive reference work for researchers and engineers working with advanced and emerging nanostructured battery and supercapacitor materials Lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors play a vital role in the paradigm shift towards sustainable energy technology. This book reviews how and why different nanostructured materials improve the performance and stability of batteries and capacitors. Sample materials covered throughout the work include: Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers MXenes, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides Transition metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, and lithium titanates Gel polymer electrolytes, hydrogels, and conducting polymer nanocomposites For materials scientists, electrochemists, and solid state chemists, this book is an essential reference to understand the lithium-ion battery and supercapacitor applications of nanostructured materials that are most widely used for developing low-cost, rapid, and highly efficient energy storage systems.
Author: Amadou Belal Gueye
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031662261
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 729
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Book Description
Author: Sabu Thomas
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443133395
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Nanostructured Lithium-ion Battery Materials: Synthesis and Applications provides a detailed overview of nanostructured materials for application in Li-ion batteries, supporting improvements in materials selection and battery performance. The book begins by presenting the fundamentals of Lithium-ion batteries, including electrochemistry and reaction mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of Li-ion batteries, and characterization methods. Subsequent sections provide in-depth coverage of a range of nanostructured materials as applied to cathodes, electrolytes, separators, and anodes. Finally, other key aspects are discussed, including industrial scale-up, safety, life cycle analysis, recycling, and future research trends. This is a valuable resource for researchers, faculty, and advanced students across nanotechnology, materials science, battery technology, energy storage, chemistry, applied physics, chemical engineering, and electrical engineering. In an industrial setting, this book will be of interest to scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals working with advanced materials for Li-ion batteries and other energy storage applications. - Introduces fundamental of Lithium-ion batteries, electrochemistry, and characterization methods - Offers in-depth information on nanostructured cathode, electrolyte, separator, and anode materials - Addresses lab to industry challenges, safety, lifecycle analysis, recycling, and future opportunities
Author: Prashant Kumta
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323851819
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 538
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Book Description
Silicon Anode Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries is an introduction to silicon anodes as an alternative to traditional graphite-based anodes. The book provides a comprehensive overview including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. It provides key insights into the basic challenges faced by the materials system such as new configurations and concepts for overcoming the expansion and contraction related problems. This book has been written for the practitioner, researcher or developer of commercial technologies. - Provides a thorough explanation of the advantages, challenge, materials science, and commercial prospects of silicon and related anode materials for lithium-ion batteries - Provides insights into practical issues including processing and performance of advanced Si-based materials in battery-relevant materials systems - Discusses suppressants in electrolytes to minimize adverse effects of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation and safety limitations associated with this technology
Author: Ajay Kumar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Physics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Lithium iron silicate (Li2FeSiO4) has the potential as cathode material for next generation lithium ion batteries because of its high specific theoretical capacity (330 mA h g-1), low cost, environmental benignity, and improved safety. However, itsintrinsically poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium ion diffusion in the solid phase limits its applications. To address these issues, we studied mesoporous Li2FeSiO4/C composites synthesized by sol-gel (SG) and solvothermal (ST) methods using tri-block copolymer (P123) as carbon source and structure directing agent. The Li2FeSiO4/C (ST) composites show improved electrochemical performance compared to Li2FeSiO4/C (SG). At C/30 rate, Li2FeSiO4/C (ST) delivered the discharge capacitỹ 276 mA h g-1whencycled between 1.5-4.6 V and shows better rate capability and stability at high rates. We attribute the improved electrochemical performance of Li2FeSiO4/C (ST) to its large surface area and reduced particle size. We also synthesized Mg-doped Li2MgxFe1-xSiO4/C, (x= 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.04) nano-composites by ST method to further improve their electrochemical performance. Li2Mg0.01Fe0.99SiO4/C nanocomposites exhibited the best rate capability and cycle stability (94% retention after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 1C) and also delivered the highest initial discharge capacity of 278 mA h g-1 (̃84% of the theoretical capacity) at C/30 rate, which isattributed to its enhanced Li-ion diffusion coefficient and lower charge transfer resistance due to reduced impurity phases, increased electronic conductivity, and maintaining large surface area. Motivated by outstanding electronic and mechanical properties as well as high specific surface area of carbon nano-fibers (CNF) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), we also investigated the ternary Li2FeSiO4/CNF/rGOnano-compositesas possible cathode materials which showed high stability over 200 cycles and improved discharge capacity at high C-rates.
Author: Guangmin Zhou
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811034060
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 131
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Book Description
This book focuses on the design, fabrication and applications of carbon-based materials for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. It provides insights into the localized electrochemical transition of the “solid-solid” reaction instead of the “sulfur-polysulfides-lithium sulfides” reaction through the desolvation effect in subnanometer pores; demonstrates that the dissolution/diffusion of polysulfide anions in electrolyte can be greatly reduced by the strong binding of sulfur to the oxygen-containing groups on reduced graphene oxide; manifests that graphene foam can be used as a 3D current collector for high sulfur loading and high sulfur content cathodes; and presents the design of a unique sandwich structure with pure sulfur between two graphene membranes as a very simple but effective approach to the fabrication of Li-S batteries with ultrafast charge/discharge rates and long service lives. The book offers an invaluable resource for researchers, scientists, and engineers in the field of energy storage, providing essential insights, useful methods, and practical ideas that can be considered for the industrial production and future application of Li-S batteries.
Author: Snehashis Choudhury
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783030289447
Category : Lithium cells
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
This thesis makes significant advances in the design of electrolytes and interfaces in electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. Such cells are of contemporary interest because they offer substantially higher charge storage capacity than state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery technology. Batteries based on metallic anodes are currently considered impractical and unsafe because recharge of the anode causes physical and chemical instabilities that produce dendritic deposition of the metal leading to catastrophic failure via thermal runaway. This thesis utilizes a combination of chemical synthesis, physical & electrochemical analysis, and materials theory to investigate structure, ion transport properties, and electrochemical behaviors of hybrid electrolytes and interfacial phases designed to prevent such instabilities. In particular, it demonstrates that relatively low-modulus electrolytes composed of cross-linked networks of polymer-grafted nanoparticles stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals by multiple processes, including screening electrode electrolyte interactions at electrochemical interfaces and by regulating ion transport in tortuous nanopores. This discovery is significant because it overturns a longstanding perception in the field of nanoparticle-polymer hybrid electrolytes that only solid electrolytes with mechanical modulus higher than that of the metal electrode are able to stabilize electrodeposition of reactive metals.
Author: Peng Zhang
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783846583449
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
The book is about the studies that have been focused on the synthesis and characterization of transition metal oxides as anode materials in lithium ion batteries. The synthesis methods were the hydrothermal method, the electrospinning method, and electrostatic spray deposition (ESD). By controlling the synthesis conditions, different morphologies can be obtained, which result in different electrochemical performances. All of these studies provide a fundamental basis for the development of high performance lithium ion batteries.
