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Author: Koji Kubo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811317895
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
This is the first book dedicated to the scrutinization of Myanmar's unofficial foreign exchange market, its roots in restrictive administrative controls on foreign exchange and international trade, and its effects on the country’s economic performance. This book integrates vast pieces of records and data with first-hand information from extensive fieldwork to create an overall picture of the chaotic but seemingly efficient foreign exchange market in Myanmar, a transitional economy in Southeast Asia whose economic systems had been less known due to its isolation until recently. This book illustrates how the unofficial foreign exchange market emerged during the country’s transition to a market-based economy, how informal currency deals proliferated under restrictive controls, and why they persist despite the significant economic reforms since 2011. Refuting the conventional wisdom of foreign exchange policy reforms, this research clarifies path-dependent features of foreign exchange market systems, and it discusses possible solutions for modernizing economic systems. This book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth analytical narrative about informal economic activities and foreign exchange policy reforms in a fragile state.
Author: Koji Kubo
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811317895
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 126
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Book Description
This is the first book dedicated to the scrutinization of Myanmar's unofficial foreign exchange market, its roots in restrictive administrative controls on foreign exchange and international trade, and its effects on the country’s economic performance. This book integrates vast pieces of records and data with first-hand information from extensive fieldwork to create an overall picture of the chaotic but seemingly efficient foreign exchange market in Myanmar, a transitional economy in Southeast Asia whose economic systems had been less known due to its isolation until recently. This book illustrates how the unofficial foreign exchange market emerged during the country’s transition to a market-based economy, how informal currency deals proliferated under restrictive controls, and why they persist despite the significant economic reforms since 2011. Refuting the conventional wisdom of foreign exchange policy reforms, this research clarifies path-dependent features of foreign exchange market systems, and it discusses possible solutions for modernizing economic systems. This book is highly recommended to readers who seek an in-depth analytical narrative about informal economic activities and foreign exchange policy reforms in a fragile state.
Author: Masahiro Hori
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451870574
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
Myanmar's multiple exchange rate system creates various economic distortions. This paper describes the exchange rate practices in Myanmar, develops a model of foreign exchange markets, and presents the efficiency costs imposed by quasi-fiscal operation under the current exchange rate regime. The results of our model-based analyses indicate that the equilibrium exchange rate under the unified market could be at around K 400-500 per U.S. dollar, and using the equilibrium exchange rate (instead of the official exchange rate) as the accounting rate increases trade openness to more than 20 percent from less than 1 percent measured by official statistics. The total efficiency loss caused by the current multiple exchange rate regime is estimated at about 14-17 percent of GDP in 2006/07.
Author: Mya Than
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian
ISBN: 9813016132
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 129
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Book Description
The grim state of the Myanmar economy in the second half of the 1980s forced the previous government of the Burma Socialist Programme Party to liberalize its external and internal trade. Since the military coup following political chaos in the later part of 1988, Japan, the European Community and the United States have suspended new economic aid to Myanmar. This has led to the present military government, the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC), to work towards closer cooperation in diplomatic and trade relations with other Southeast Asian countries and to further liberalize its trade sector. This study explores and analyzes Myanmar's external trade and its trade relations with Southeast Asian nations, many of which are members of the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), and raises issues and prospects of economic cooperation with neighbouring countries in the region, including the option for active participation in ASEAN.
Author: Koji Kubo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Koji Kubo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Over the six-year period 2006-11, the real exchange rate of the Myanmar kyat appreciated 200 per cent, resulting in the value of the US dollar in Myanmar falling to one-third of its pre-2006 level. While the resource boom is suspected to be the source of the real exchange rate appreciation, administrative controls on foreign exchange and imports had much more impact. Foreign exchange controls limited the convertibility of the kyat to foreign currencies and spurred negotiated transactions of foreign exchange outside the banking sector, hampering the foreign exchange market interventions of the government and Central Bank. Import controls repressed imports, aggravating excess supplies of foreign exchange. Relaxation of administrative controls is necessary for moderating currency appreciation.
Author: Myat Thein
Publisher: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
ISBN: 9789812300706
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Much attention has been paid to the increasingly substantial inflows of foreign direct investment into Myanmar since the country opened its doors to overseas investors in late 1988. In addition to bringing capital in the form of cash, such investment has also introduced new technology, training and skills, business and management acumen, as well as various other inputs that Myanmar undoubtedly requires if the country is to develop. However, there is a growing realization that FDI inflows alone will not enable the country to meet the ambitious economic growth targets. As evidenced by the "Asian Tiger" economies, there is also a need for considerable amounts of domestic capital. and in order to attain substantial levels of domestic investment a system of domestic savings "vehicles" -- that the state and industry can harness -- must be developed. Hence, this volume seeks to examine ways in which domestic savings and investment capital can be encouraged and increased. The contributors include not only Myanmar economists and policy-makers but also experts from ASEAN and Japan who share their experiences.
Author: IBP, Inc.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 143873431X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Myanmar Business & Investment Opportunities Yearbook
Author: Konosuke Odaka
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 4431557350
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 250
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Book Description
With motivated human resources and a rich natural bounty, Myanmar is expected to take off with sustained growth and eventually attain a unique welfare state. On the basis of the authors’ field surveys and innumerable dialogues with public officials, private professionals, scholars, and others, in addition to intensive desk studies since around 2000, the present volume lays out the essential ingredients for drawing a roadmap to realise the above-mentioned objective. That goal is, specifically, financial development, adequate social capital, indigenous modern manufactures and closer international tie-ups, among others, but above all, sound agrarian development. An effort has been made to place the required ingredients in their historical contexts, as historical experiences constitute an important sociopolitical condition in which development takes place. Myanmar nationals and readers concerned with the country’s economic progress are encouraged to give serious, sustained thought to coming up with a socially supportable roadmap for the country's development path. The present volume provides valuable hints for that purpose.
Author: Winston Set Aung
Publisher: ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN: 9815203797
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
Myanmar’s economic trajectory has shifted across various governmental regimes, transitioning from socialist to democratic systems and from planned to market economy structures. The economic policies implemented by successive governments often lacked coherence and were characterized by ad hoc measures aimed at short-term solutions rather than addressing underlying issues. Policymakers since 1989 have endeavoured to guide Myanmar towards a market-oriented economy, characterized by what could be termed the “Burmese/Myanmar Way to Market Economy”, which includes significant restrictions and controls. Both the military-backed Union Solidarity Development Party (USDP) and civilian-led National League for Democracy (NLD) administrations made significant efforts to enhance liberalization and strengthen market economic principles, despite multidimensional challenges including inadequate capacities for policy formulation and over-reliance on past domestic experiences rather than international lessons. All these reforms and economic pillars, established through intellect and hard work to ensure liberalization and a market economy, collapsed under the State Administration Council regime following the military coup of 1 February 2021. Effective policy formulation and implementation are pivotal for Myanmar's economic trajectory, and policymakers must navigate historical practices and global standards with discernment, fostering policies that promote transparency, accountability, and inclusivity while adapting to feedback and interconnected economic realities.
Author: Koji Kubo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
