Multiple Scattering Effects on the Dynamics and Radiation of Fast Charged Particles in Crystals. Transients in the Nuclear Burning Wave Reactor PDF Download

Author: Alex Fomin
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Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The coherent effects in the high energy particle interaction with crystals open up new opportunities for accelerating and detecting techniques. The effective electromagnetic fields that arise in this case can exceed a thousand times the fields that are now attainable at experimental installations. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical study of the multiple scattering effects on the dynamics and radiation of high energy charged particles in crystals. One of the goals of this study is to find optimal conditions to carry out the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the charmed Lambda Baryon at the LHC. Due to the short lifetime of this particle the only way to provide such a measurement is to use a bent crystal, which can imitate the magnetic field of order of thousand Tesla. The optimization of the parameters for an experimental setup was carried out on the basis of computer simulation of the Lamda Baryon passage through a bent crystal using the binary collisions model, taking in to account incoherent scattering on thermal vibrations of atoms at lattice nodes, and scattering on an electronic subsystem of a crystal. The results of the research conducted in the thesis give an optimistic forecast for the possibility of carrying out such an experiment at the LHC and became the basis of the corresponding proposal. The multiple scattering effects of the thesis. This study is performed in the framework of classical electrodynamics approach for describing the relativistic particle radiation and the computer simulation of fast charged particles passing through a crystal using the above-mentioned model. It is shown, that the spectral-angular distribution and the polarization characteristics of radiation essentially differ from the results of the Bethe-Heitler theory. The conditions for the experimental observation of these effects are presented. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the study of transient processes in advanced fast reactor breeder working in a self-sustained nuclear burning wave (NBW) regime. It is a new concept of nuclear fission reactors with the so-called “intrinsic safety”, in which the development of uncontrolled chain nuclear reaction is impossible due to the physical principles of reactor operation. The promising concepts of NBW reactor in the case of its implementation allows to utilize the depleted Uranium and provides the treatment of long-lived radioactive waste. This study is based on numerical solving the non-stationary non-linear diffusion equation of neutron transport together with a set of the burn-up equations for fuel components and the equations of nuclear kinetics for precursor nuclei of delayed neutrons using effective multi-group approach. The model of cylindrical homogeneous reactor with metallic fuel of U-Pu, Th-U and mixed Th-U-Pufuel cycles is considered in the framework of the buckling concept. As a result of these studies the existence of the NBW mode in the case of mixed Th-U-Pu fuel and its essential advantages are demonstrated; the detailed analysis of a special kind of the negative reactivity feedback that is inherent to the NBW regime and underlies the “intrinsic safety” of such a reactor is performed; the scenarios of a smooth start-up, forced shutdown and subsequent restart of the NBW reactor are developed.