Multiple Gas Specie Detection Using a Tunable Diode Laser Sensor for Combustion Process Monitoring PDF Download
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Author: William Von Drasek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: William Von Drasek
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical engineering
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A method for indirect gas species monitoring based on measurements of selected gas species is disclosed. In situ absorption measurements of combustion species are used for process control and optimization. The gas species accessible by near or mid-IR techniques are limited to species that absorb in this spectral region. The absorption strength is selected to be strong enough for the required sensitivity and is selected to be isolated from neighboring absorption transitions. By coupling the gas measurement with a software sensor gas, species not accessible from the near or mid-IR absorption measurement can be predicted.
Author: Cristian Ravariu
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789233046
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The Green Electronics book is intended to stimulate people's thinking toward the new concepts of an environment-friendly electronics - the main challenge in the future. The book offers multiple solutions to push the classical electronic industry toward green concepts, aided by nanotechnologies, with revolutionary features that provide low power consumption in electronics, use biomaterials for integrated structures, and include environmental monitoring tools. Based on organic semiconductors/insulators without toxic precursors, green electronic technologies launched promising devices like OLED, OTFT, or nano-core-shell transistors. The Green Electronics book successfully presents the recent directions collected worldwide and leaves free space for continuing year by year with new subtopics.
Author: David Viveros Salazar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
A comparison of scanned-DAS and scanned-WMS was completed within the context of a biomass gasification pilot scale facility, while scanned-DAS was implemented and optimized to increase sensing capabilities in the mixing volume (MV) of the 60 MW Interaction Heating Facility (IHF) at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). In the biomass gasification study, a demonstration of in situ laser-absorption-based sensing of H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO mole fraction is reported for the product gas line of a biomass gasifier. Field measurements were demonstrated in a pilot scale biomass gasifier at WestBiofuels in Woodland, California. The performance of a prototype sensor was compared for the two sensing strategies, scanned-DAS and scanned-WMS. The lasers used had markedly different wavelength tuning response to injection current, which led to establishing guidelines for laser selection for sensor fabrication. The complications of using normalized WMS for relatively large values of absorbance and its mitigation are discussed. The laser absorption sensor provided measurements with the sub-second time resolution needed for gasifier control and more importantly provided precise measurements of H2O in the gasification products, which can be problematic for the typical gas chromatography sensors used by industry. The IHF at NASA ARC is a critical facility used to study and characterize thermal protection systems (TPS) of reentry spacecraft. The IHF generates an electrical arc to energize room temperature air, which is then forced through a converging-diverging nozzle. Material and model test pieces are then subjected to the stagnation environment of the flow stream. The efforts at ARC focused on characterizing the mixing of add-air in the MV of the IHF. Conditions in the IHF, in the mixing volume (MV) where this study focused its optical measurements, range from 5,000 to 7,000 K and 1 to 9 atm. Path-average line-of-sight measurements of temperature and enthalpy were inferred using an electronic atomic oxygen transition near 777 nm. The scanned-DAS sensor was optimized to capture high add-air and high-pressure conditions that previously had not been measurable. Optimization of the sensor allowed for fully resolved absorbance profile measurements at the maximum pressure test condition in the IHF MV. Enhanced sensor capabilities confirmed uniform flow and flat temperature immediately upstream of the arcjet's converging-diverging nozzle inlet. Less uniform and parabolic temperature profiles were observed immediately downstream of add-air injection. This arcjet facility implements injection of room temperature air, i.e. add-air, to tune the bulk and centerline enthalpy generated at the nozzle exit. Centerline temperatures at an axial location downstream of add-air injection confirmed the need for mixing beyond the MV entrance. Enthalpy measurements ranged from 16 to 27 MJ/kg and are in agreement with the IHF's current enthalpy measurement methods. This confirmed the observed reduction in achievable enthalpy after installation of the MV. Centerline measurements quantified the mixing process for various add-air conditions indicating an opportunity for enthalpy recapture. Axial locations of sufficient mixing were identified and provide a potential for reduction of the MV length and thus improved facility performance. Optimization of this sensor will enable future use by non-experts to provide critical data on the arcjet environment in the IHF, thereby enhancing arcjet test results and leading to greater reliability of spacecraft TPS designs.
Author: Yufei Ma
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3039283987
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Book Description
Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
Author: Xiaojuan Cui
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Due to the fact of global warming, air quality deterioration and health concern over the past few decades, great demands and tremendous efforts for new technology to detect hazard gases such as CH4, CO2, CO, H2S, and HONO have been performed. Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a kind of technology with advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, and fast responsivity. It has been widely used in the applications of greenhouse gas measurements, industrial process control, combustion gas measurements, medicine, and so on. In this chapter, we will briefly summarize the most recent progress on TDLAS technology and present several kinds of gas sensors developed mainly by our group for various field applications. These could expand from energy, environment, and public safety to medical science.
Author: Susan Marie Schoenung
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carbon monoxide
Languages : en
Pages : 234
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Book Description
Author: B. Culshaw
Publisher: SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.
Author: Sebastian Bürkle
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 3748145144
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Oxy-fuel combustion has the potential to reduce the atmospheric CO2-emissions of fossil fuel power plants by burning gaseous or solid fuels under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The combustion under oxy-fuel operating conditions, however, is accompanied by major changes in the combustion behavior. The underlying chemical and physical processes are complex and highly coupled, which impedes investigations and modeling. Since tactile and most of the optical measurement techniques fail under the sensitive and simultaneously harsh environments of oxy-fuel combustion, an optical in-situ measurement system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed in this work. This system allows to investigate the thermochemical state of combustion gases with respect to the quantitative concentrations of multiple combustion-relevant gases and the gas temperature. In combination with a newly developed and applied measurement strategy, the system even allows for a measurement of the gas residence time distribution. To improve the measurement accuracy, multiple absorption line parameters are experimentally determined. The measurement system is applied to three oxy-fuel combustion systems. First, the thermochemical state of the laminar, non-premixed methane combustion under oxy-fuel atmosphere is studied. The turbulent, premixed combustion of the same fuel under air and two oxy-fuel atmospheres is studied in a 20 kWth swirled combustor. Measurements of the residence time distribution of fluids in the combustion chamber provide insights into mixing and transport properties of the flow. The thermochemical state reveals insights into the reaction progess and flow mixing. Co-firing of three different solid fuels in an assisting gas flame is investigated for a combined thermal power up to 40 kWth. Here, the char burnout of the particles is investigated. The thermochemical state of the combustion of pure torrefied biomass under air and oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere is investigated in a 60 kWth close-to-application facility and compared to equillibrium calculations.
Author: Carolyn Mercer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475737777
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
Optical Metrology for Fluids, Combustion and Solids is the first practical handbook that presents the assemblage of the techniques necessary to provide a basic understanding of optical measurement for fluids, combustion, and solids. The use of light as a measurement tool has grown over the past twenty years from a narrowly specialized activity to a mainstay of modern research today. Until recently, the knowledge that could be extracted from the light interaction of light with physical objects was limited to specialized activities. The invention of the laser, the computer and microelectronics has enabled a measurement revolution such that virtually every parameter of engineering interest can be measured using the minimally intrusive properties of light. The authors of this book's chapters are leaders in this revolution. They work on the front lines of research in government, industry, and universities, inventing yet more ways to harness the power of light for the generation of knowledge.
