Author: Azin Alizadehasl
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323849075
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
Book Description
Covering a broad range of topics with side-by-side radiographic images, Multimodal Imaging Atlas of Cardiac Masses provides basic-to-advanced clinical tips on the use, clinical applications, and interpretation of cardiac imaging for cardiac masses. Written by a team of international experts in cardiac imaging, cardiac pathology, and cardiac surgery, this title features separate chapters on imaging modalities, anatomic pitfalls, cardiac thrombus, benign tumors, infectious lesions, and malignant tumors. This practical title is an essential guide for cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, radiologists, and others to recognize the typical features of these uncommon conditions and to formulate team-based treatment plans for these complex patients. - Covers multimodal cardiac imaging depicting all types of cardiac masses. - Includes anatomic pitfalls, artifacts, differential diagnoses, and metastasis. - Features 600 figures and 100 video clips of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, CT, CMR, and PET, with photos of histopathologic findings and masses after surgery. - Includes important clinical points on interpretation and differentiation of benign tumors, malignant tumors, and artifacts.
Multimodal Imaging Atlas of Cardiac Masses - E-Book
Author: Azin Alizadehasl
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323849075
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
Book Description
Covering a broad range of topics with side-by-side radiographic images, Multimodal Imaging Atlas of Cardiac Masses provides basic-to-advanced clinical tips on the use, clinical applications, and interpretation of cardiac imaging for cardiac masses. Written by a team of international experts in cardiac imaging, cardiac pathology, and cardiac surgery, this title features separate chapters on imaging modalities, anatomic pitfalls, cardiac thrombus, benign tumors, infectious lesions, and malignant tumors. This practical title is an essential guide for cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, radiologists, and others to recognize the typical features of these uncommon conditions and to formulate team-based treatment plans for these complex patients. - Covers multimodal cardiac imaging depicting all types of cardiac masses. - Includes anatomic pitfalls, artifacts, differential diagnoses, and metastasis. - Features 600 figures and 100 video clips of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, CT, CMR, and PET, with photos of histopathologic findings and masses after surgery. - Includes important clinical points on interpretation and differentiation of benign tumors, malignant tumors, and artifacts.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323849075
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 515
Book Description
Covering a broad range of topics with side-by-side radiographic images, Multimodal Imaging Atlas of Cardiac Masses provides basic-to-advanced clinical tips on the use, clinical applications, and interpretation of cardiac imaging for cardiac masses. Written by a team of international experts in cardiac imaging, cardiac pathology, and cardiac surgery, this title features separate chapters on imaging modalities, anatomic pitfalls, cardiac thrombus, benign tumors, infectious lesions, and malignant tumors. This practical title is an essential guide for cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, radiologists, and others to recognize the typical features of these uncommon conditions and to formulate team-based treatment plans for these complex patients. - Covers multimodal cardiac imaging depicting all types of cardiac masses. - Includes anatomic pitfalls, artifacts, differential diagnoses, and metastasis. - Features 600 figures and 100 video clips of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, CT, CMR, and PET, with photos of histopathologic findings and masses after surgery. - Includes important clinical points on interpretation and differentiation of benign tumors, malignant tumors, and artifacts.
Multimodal Cardiac Imaging - E-Book
Author: Mario J. Garcia
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443115664
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Book Description
Significant advances over the past two decades in noninvasive cardiovascular imaging technologies and methods to evaluate patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease have transformed the field of cardiovascular imaging. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging, edited by eminent cardiologist and leader in noninvasive cardiac imaging, Dr. Mario J. Garcia, serves as a one-stop, authoritative resource covering the application, value, limitations, and competing and complimentary roles of each of the different cardiac imaging modalities. It provides practical information and guidelines to cardiologists, radiologists, electrophysiologists, vascular medicine physicians, and cardiac surgeons—anyone who needs a deeper understanding of the roles and limitations of various imaging modalities for cardiovascular disease. - Offers a focused and concise overview of multimodal cardiac imaging for clinical assessment and treatment. - Covers all relevant types of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT, and nuclear cardiology. - Contains sections on imaging in heart failure, imaging in EP, imaging in acute settings, and more. - Features over 350 images and videos showcasing the benefits of different modalities. - Provides practical information in every chapter: diagrams to illustrate the step-wise application of different noninvasive imaging modalities to establish the diagnosis and guide therapy; figures and illustrations to aid in the performance of imaging tests and interpretation of findings; a summary of the most relevant and updated information and references; a discussion of controversies; and clinical cases.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0443115664
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Book Description
Significant advances over the past two decades in noninvasive cardiovascular imaging technologies and methods to evaluate patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease have transformed the field of cardiovascular imaging. Multimodality Cardiovascular Imaging, edited by eminent cardiologist and leader in noninvasive cardiac imaging, Dr. Mario J. Garcia, serves as a one-stop, authoritative resource covering the application, value, limitations, and competing and complimentary roles of each of the different cardiac imaging modalities. It provides practical information and guidelines to cardiologists, radiologists, electrophysiologists, vascular medicine physicians, and cardiac surgeons—anyone who needs a deeper understanding of the roles and limitations of various imaging modalities for cardiovascular disease. - Offers a focused and concise overview of multimodal cardiac imaging for clinical assessment and treatment. - Covers all relevant types of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT, and nuclear cardiology. - Contains sections on imaging in heart failure, imaging in EP, imaging in acute settings, and more. - Features over 350 images and videos showcasing the benefits of different modalities. - Provides practical information in every chapter: diagrams to illustrate the step-wise application of different noninvasive imaging modalities to establish the diagnosis and guide therapy; figures and illustrations to aid in the performance of imaging tests and interpretation of findings; a summary of the most relevant and updated information and references; a discussion of controversies; and clinical cases.
Atlas of 3D Echocardiography E-Book
Author: Edward A. Gill
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455742384
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Book Description
Accurately identify complex geometrical distortions of cardiac anatomy using 3-D echocardiography and make more informed decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. A highly visual, consistent, and practical format with online videos and more presents the authoritative, case-based, expert guidance you need to enhance your utilization and interpretation of this cutting-edge, dimensional diagnostic tool. - Master the application of techniques to specific clinical situations with detailed case studies and discussions of challenging issues. - See imaging findings as they appear in practice and discern subtle nuances with the aid of high-quality still images plus online videos. - Reference the information you need quickly thanks to easy-to-follow, templated chapters, with an abundance of images and figures that facilitate visual learning. - Take it with you anywhere! Access the full text, downloadable image library, videos, and more at www.expertconsult.com.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455742384
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 409
Book Description
Accurately identify complex geometrical distortions of cardiac anatomy using 3-D echocardiography and make more informed decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment. A highly visual, consistent, and practical format with online videos and more presents the authoritative, case-based, expert guidance you need to enhance your utilization and interpretation of this cutting-edge, dimensional diagnostic tool. - Master the application of techniques to specific clinical situations with detailed case studies and discussions of challenging issues. - See imaging findings as they appear in practice and discern subtle nuances with the aid of high-quality still images plus online videos. - Reference the information you need quickly thanks to easy-to-follow, templated chapters, with an abundance of images and figures that facilitate visual learning. - Take it with you anywhere! Access the full text, downloadable image library, videos, and more at www.expertconsult.com.
Clinical Atlas of Cardiac and Aortic CT and MRI
Author: Patricia M. Carrascosa
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030036820
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 373
Book Description
This atlas comprehensively describes the application of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in real-world scenarios using 192 illustrative clinical cases. These imaging techniques are revolutionizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular patients and are progressively becoming viable sub-specialties among radiologists and cardiologists. Clinical Atlas of Cardiac and Aortic CT and MRI features clinically relevant case-based examples of how CT and MR imaging techniques can be applied to identify the pathological features of a range of acquired and congenital heart diseases. Using more than 1000 high-quality figures of distinctive CT and MR imaging features of most cardiovascular diseases, both acquired and congenital, it therefore provides a valuable resource for both specialist and non-specialist radiology/cardiology practitioners seeking to develop a deep understanding of how to recognize the features of a variety of heart diseases using CT and MR imaging techniques.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030036820
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 373
Book Description
This atlas comprehensively describes the application of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in real-world scenarios using 192 illustrative clinical cases. These imaging techniques are revolutionizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for cardiovascular patients and are progressively becoming viable sub-specialties among radiologists and cardiologists. Clinical Atlas of Cardiac and Aortic CT and MRI features clinically relevant case-based examples of how CT and MR imaging techniques can be applied to identify the pathological features of a range of acquired and congenital heart diseases. Using more than 1000 high-quality figures of distinctive CT and MR imaging features of most cardiovascular diseases, both acquired and congenital, it therefore provides a valuable resource for both specialist and non-specialist radiology/cardiology practitioners seeking to develop a deep understanding of how to recognize the features of a variety of heart diseases using CT and MR imaging techniques.
Nuclear Cardiology and Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging, E-Book
Author: Marcelo Fernando Di Carli
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323763049
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 501
Book Description
Recent years have seen numerous advances in cardiovascular nuclear medicine technology, leading to more precise diagnoses and treatment and an expanded understanding of the molecular basis for cardiac disease. Nuclear Cardiology and Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging is a one-stop, comprehensive guide to the diagnostic and clinical implications of this complex and increasingly important technology. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, it provides cutting-edge coverage of multimodal cardiac imaging along with case vignettes and integrated teaching content—ideal for cardiologists, cardiology fellows, radiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians. - Features all the latest cardiovascular nuclear medicine studies with practical, evidence-based implications for personalized patient evaluation and treatment. - Presents a consistent, patient-centered approach using integrated case vignettes correlated with specific nuclear medicine imaging findings. Discusses patient assessment criteria, risk factor criteria, pathology, evaluation criteria, outcomes, and other clinical implications. - Covers a full range of imaging technologies, including SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and CT/MR hybrid radionuclide cardiovascular imaging studies. - Addresses emerging clinical applications of nuclear imaging techniques for precision-based medicine, including targeted molecular imaging and cell therapies. - Includes sections on instrumentation/principles of imaging; protocols and interpretation; applications in coronary artery disease, special populations, and heart failure; artificial intelligence, and more. - Contains guidelines and appropriate use documents to provide appropriate context for clinicians. - Features hundreds of high-quality figures including multimodal cardiac imaging studies, anatomic illustrations, and graphs. - Provides Key Point summaries, 50 procedural videos, and 100 multiple-choice questions and answers to reinforce understanding and facilitate review. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323763049
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 501
Book Description
Recent years have seen numerous advances in cardiovascular nuclear medicine technology, leading to more precise diagnoses and treatment and an expanded understanding of the molecular basis for cardiac disease. Nuclear Cardiology and Multimodal Cardiovascular Imaging is a one-stop, comprehensive guide to the diagnostic and clinical implications of this complex and increasingly important technology. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, it provides cutting-edge coverage of multimodal cardiac imaging along with case vignettes and integrated teaching content—ideal for cardiologists, cardiology fellows, radiologists, and nuclear medicine physicians. - Features all the latest cardiovascular nuclear medicine studies with practical, evidence-based implications for personalized patient evaluation and treatment. - Presents a consistent, patient-centered approach using integrated case vignettes correlated with specific nuclear medicine imaging findings. Discusses patient assessment criteria, risk factor criteria, pathology, evaluation criteria, outcomes, and other clinical implications. - Covers a full range of imaging technologies, including SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and CT/MR hybrid radionuclide cardiovascular imaging studies. - Addresses emerging clinical applications of nuclear imaging techniques for precision-based medicine, including targeted molecular imaging and cell therapies. - Includes sections on instrumentation/principles of imaging; protocols and interpretation; applications in coronary artery disease, special populations, and heart failure; artificial intelligence, and more. - Contains guidelines and appropriate use documents to provide appropriate context for clinicians. - Features hundreds of high-quality figures including multimodal cardiac imaging studies, anatomic illustrations, and graphs. - Provides Key Point summaries, 50 procedural videos, and 100 multiple-choice questions and answers to reinforce understanding and facilitate review. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography
Author: Donald Oxorn
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323496199
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 563
Book Description
Case-based and heavily illustrated, Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography: Atlas of Transesophageal Imaging, 2nd Edition covers virtually every clinical scenario in which you're likely to use TEE. Drs. Donald C. Oxorn and Catherine M. Otto provide practical, how-to guidance on transesophageal echocardiography, including new approaches and state-of-the-art technologies. More than 1,500 images sharpen your image acquisition and analysis skills and help you master this challenging technique. - Real-world cases and abundant, detailed figures and tables show you exactly how to proceed, step by step, and get the best results. - Each case begins with a brief presentation and discussion, and integrates clinical echocardiography, surgical pathology, and other imaging data. - Clear descriptions of preoperative pathology guide you in choosing the best approach to common problems. - The practice-based learning approach with expert commentary for each case helps you retain complex information and apply it in your daily practice. - Every chapter has been thoroughly revised, with discussions of new technology and new techniques, including several techniques that are on the verge of becoming mainstream. - New chapters cover current transcatheter valve therapies and device closures. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323496199
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 563
Book Description
Case-based and heavily illustrated, Intraoperative and Interventional Echocardiography: Atlas of Transesophageal Imaging, 2nd Edition covers virtually every clinical scenario in which you're likely to use TEE. Drs. Donald C. Oxorn and Catherine M. Otto provide practical, how-to guidance on transesophageal echocardiography, including new approaches and state-of-the-art technologies. More than 1,500 images sharpen your image acquisition and analysis skills and help you master this challenging technique. - Real-world cases and abundant, detailed figures and tables show you exactly how to proceed, step by step, and get the best results. - Each case begins with a brief presentation and discussion, and integrates clinical echocardiography, surgical pathology, and other imaging data. - Clear descriptions of preoperative pathology guide you in choosing the best approach to common problems. - The practice-based learning approach with expert commentary for each case helps you retain complex information and apply it in your daily practice. - Every chapter has been thoroughly revised, with discussions of new technology and new techniques, including several techniques that are on the verge of becoming mainstream. - New chapters cover current transcatheter valve therapies and device closures. - Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Cardiovascular Intervention: A Companion to Braunwald's Heart Disease E-Book
Author: Deepak L. Bhatt
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323263615
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 653
Book Description
Introducing Cardiovascular Intervention, a comprehensive companion volume to Braunwald's Heart Disease. This medical reference book contains focused chapters on how to utilize cutting-edge interventional technologies, with an emphasis on the latest protocols and standards of care. Cardiovascular Intervention also includes late-breaking clinical trials, "Hot off the Press" commentary, and Focused Reviews that are relevant to interventional cardiology. - View immersive videos from an online library of procedural clips located on Expert Consult. - Remain abreast of the newest interventional techniques, including next-generation stents, invasive lesion assessment, and methods to tackle complex anatomy. - Provide optimal patient care with help from easy-to-access information on the latest diagnostic and treatment advances, discussions on percutaneous approaches to structural heart disease, and new developments in treating heart valve disease.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323263615
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 653
Book Description
Introducing Cardiovascular Intervention, a comprehensive companion volume to Braunwald's Heart Disease. This medical reference book contains focused chapters on how to utilize cutting-edge interventional technologies, with an emphasis on the latest protocols and standards of care. Cardiovascular Intervention also includes late-breaking clinical trials, "Hot off the Press" commentary, and Focused Reviews that are relevant to interventional cardiology. - View immersive videos from an online library of procedural clips located on Expert Consult. - Remain abreast of the newest interventional techniques, including next-generation stents, invasive lesion assessment, and methods to tackle complex anatomy. - Provide optimal patient care with help from easy-to-access information on the latest diagnostic and treatment advances, discussions on percutaneous approaches to structural heart disease, and new developments in treating heart valve disease.
Pericardial Disease
Author: J. Soler-Soler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400904819
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
In November 1986, I was invited to attend a symposium held in Barcelona on Diseases of the Pericardium. The course was directed by Dr. J. Soler-Soler, director of Cardiology at Hospital General Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona. During my brief but delightful visit to this institution, my appreciation of the depth and breadth of study into pericardial diseases, carried out by Dr. Soler and his group, grew into the conviction that these clinical investigators have accumulated a wealth of information concerning pericardial diseases, and that investigators and clinicians practicing in English speaking countries would greatly profit from ready access to the results of the clinical investiga tions into pericardial disease carried out in Barcelona. The proceedings of the Barcelona conference were published in a beauti fully executed volume in the Spanish language edited by Dr. Soler and pro duced by Ediciones Doyma. Because I believe that this work should be brought to the attention of the English speaking scientific and clinical com munities, I encouraged Dr. Soler to have the book translated into English. I knew that this task could be accomplished and that the book would be trans lated into good English without change of its content. My confidence was based upon a translation of my own book, The Pericardium, into Spanish undertaken by Dr. Permanyer, who is a contributor and co-editor of the pre sent volume.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400904819
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Book Description
In November 1986, I was invited to attend a symposium held in Barcelona on Diseases of the Pericardium. The course was directed by Dr. J. Soler-Soler, director of Cardiology at Hospital General Vall d'Hebron in Barcelona. During my brief but delightful visit to this institution, my appreciation of the depth and breadth of study into pericardial diseases, carried out by Dr. Soler and his group, grew into the conviction that these clinical investigators have accumulated a wealth of information concerning pericardial diseases, and that investigators and clinicians practicing in English speaking countries would greatly profit from ready access to the results of the clinical investiga tions into pericardial disease carried out in Barcelona. The proceedings of the Barcelona conference were published in a beauti fully executed volume in the Spanish language edited by Dr. Soler and pro duced by Ediciones Doyma. Because I believe that this work should be brought to the attention of the English speaking scientific and clinical com munities, I encouraged Dr. Soler to have the book translated into English. I knew that this task could be accomplished and that the book would be trans lated into good English without change of its content. My confidence was based upon a translation of my own book, The Pericardium, into Spanish undertaken by Dr. Permanyer, who is a contributor and co-editor of the pre sent volume.
Oncologic Imaging: A Multidisciplinary Approach E-Book
Author: Paul M. Silverman
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455733334
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 903
Book Description
Here’s the multidisciplinary guidance you need for optimal imaging of malignancies. Radiologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists offer state-of-the-art guidelines for diagnosis, staging, and surveillance, equipping all members of the cancer team to make the best possible use of today’s noninvasive diagnostic tools. Consult with the best. Dr. Paul M. Silverman and more than 100 other experts from MD Anderson Cancer Center provide you with today's most dependable answers on every aspect of the diagnosis, treatment, and management of the cancer patient. Recognize the characteristic presentation of each cancer via current imaging modalities and understand the clinical implications of your findings. Effectively use traditional imaging modalities such as Multidetector CT (MDCT), PET/CT, and MR in conjunction with the latest advances in molecular oncology and targeted therapies. Find information quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, highly templated format complete with "Key Point" summaries, algorithms, drawings, and full-color staging diagrams. Make confident decisions with guidance from comprehensive algorithms for better staging and imaging evaluation. Access the fully searchable text online, along with high-quality downloadable images for use in teaching and lecturing and online-only algorithms, at expertconsult.com.
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 1455733334
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 903
Book Description
Here’s the multidisciplinary guidance you need for optimal imaging of malignancies. Radiologists, surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists offer state-of-the-art guidelines for diagnosis, staging, and surveillance, equipping all members of the cancer team to make the best possible use of today’s noninvasive diagnostic tools. Consult with the best. Dr. Paul M. Silverman and more than 100 other experts from MD Anderson Cancer Center provide you with today's most dependable answers on every aspect of the diagnosis, treatment, and management of the cancer patient. Recognize the characteristic presentation of each cancer via current imaging modalities and understand the clinical implications of your findings. Effectively use traditional imaging modalities such as Multidetector CT (MDCT), PET/CT, and MR in conjunction with the latest advances in molecular oncology and targeted therapies. Find information quickly and easily thanks to a consistent, highly templated format complete with "Key Point" summaries, algorithms, drawings, and full-color staging diagrams. Make confident decisions with guidance from comprehensive algorithms for better staging and imaging evaluation. Access the fully searchable text online, along with high-quality downloadable images for use in teaching and lecturing and online-only algorithms, at expertconsult.com.
Molecular Imaging I
Author: Wolfhard Semmler
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540727183
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
The aim of this textbook of molecular imaging is to provide an up to date review of this rapidly growing field and to discuss basic methodological aspects necessary for the interpretation of experimental and clinical results. Emphasis is placed on the interplay of imaging technology and probe development, since the physical properties of the imaging approach need to be closely linked with the biologic application of the probe (i.e. nanoparticles and microbubbles). Various chemical strategies are discussed and related to the biologic applications. Reporter-gene imaging is being addressed not only in experimental protocols, but also first clinical applications are discussed. Finally, strategies of imaging to characterize apoptosis and angiogenesis are described and discussed in the context of possible clinical translation.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540727183
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 298
Book Description
The aim of this textbook of molecular imaging is to provide an up to date review of this rapidly growing field and to discuss basic methodological aspects necessary for the interpretation of experimental and clinical results. Emphasis is placed on the interplay of imaging technology and probe development, since the physical properties of the imaging approach need to be closely linked with the biologic application of the probe (i.e. nanoparticles and microbubbles). Various chemical strategies are discussed and related to the biologic applications. Reporter-gene imaging is being addressed not only in experimental protocols, but also first clinical applications are discussed. Finally, strategies of imaging to characterize apoptosis and angiogenesis are described and discussed in the context of possible clinical translation.