Multifractality Applied to the Study of Spatial Inequality in Urban Systems PDF Download
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Author: Hadrien Salat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This thesis investigates multifractality as a tool to analyse the spatial patterns emerging from urban inequality. In our context, inequality is defined as a difference between individuals in economic welfare (in the tradition of Dalton and Sen). As such, it considers the typical household income distribution, but also variables such as real estate and energy consumption. These variables can be transformed into mathematical measures which present diverse extent of self-similarities explained by the self-organisation processes resulting from an intense competition for space. The multifractal methodology can exploit these self-similarities to produce precise local statistical information even when the usual tools fail due to an excessive complexity. The analysis is performed on large geographical datasets for London, Paris, New-York and Kyoto. The main results are a decrease in multifractality with modernisation that can be understood as an arguably positive homogenisation, but also a negative loss of diversity; striking similarities in the independent evolution of the spatial repartition of land and housing prices across the globe during the 20th century; and discrepancies between income and the other measures, in accordance with the idea that income alone is not enough to fully characterize inequality. The most important result, however, is the validation after comparison with the traditional inequality and segregation measures that multifractality is a high-performing spatial inequality indicator. It is in particular able to extend the exposure and clustering dimensions of segregation to ordinal continuous variables.
Author: Hadrien Salat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This thesis investigates multifractality as a tool to analyse the spatial patterns emerging from urban inequality. In our context, inequality is defined as a difference between individuals in economic welfare (in the tradition of Dalton and Sen). As such, it considers the typical household income distribution, but also variables such as real estate and energy consumption. These variables can be transformed into mathematical measures which present diverse extent of self-similarities explained by the self-organisation processes resulting from an intense competition for space. The multifractal methodology can exploit these self-similarities to produce precise local statistical information even when the usual tools fail due to an excessive complexity. The analysis is performed on large geographical datasets for London, Paris, New-York and Kyoto. The main results are a decrease in multifractality with modernisation that can be understood as an arguably positive homogenisation, but also a negative loss of diversity; striking similarities in the independent evolution of the spatial repartition of land and housing prices across the globe during the 20th century; and discrepancies between income and the other measures, in accordance with the idea that income alone is not enough to fully characterize inequality. The most important result, however, is the validation after comparison with the traditional inequality and segregation measures that multifractality is a high-performing spatial inequality indicator. It is in particular able to extend the exposure and clustering dimensions of segregation to ordinal continuous variables.
Author: Luca D'Acci
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030123812
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
This edited volume provides an essential resource for urban morphology, the study of urban forms and structures, offering a much-needed mathematical perspective. Experts on a variety of mathematical modeling techniques provide new insights into specific aspects of the field, such as street networks, sustainability, and urban growth. The chapters collected here make a clear case for the importance of tools and methods to understand, model, and simulate the formation and evolution of cities. The chapters cover a wide variety of topics in urban morphology, and are conveniently organized by their mathematical principles. The first part covers fractals and focuses on how self-similar structures sort themselves out through competition. This is followed by a section on cellular automata, and includes chapters exploring how they generate fractal forms. Networks are the focus of the third part, which includes street networks and other forms as well. Chapters that examine complexity and its relation to urban structures are in part four.The fifth part introduces a variety of other quantitative models that can be used to study urban morphology. In the book’s final section, a series of multidisciplinary commentaries offers readers new ways of looking at the relationship between mathematics and urban forms. Being the first book on this topic, Mathematics of Urban Morphology will be an invaluable resource for applied mathematicians and anyone studying urban morphology. Additionally, anyone who is interested in cities from the angle of economics, sociology, architecture, or geography will also find it useful. "This book provides a useful perspective on the state of the art with respect to urban morphology in general and mathematics as tools and frames to disentangle the ideas that pervade arguments about form and function in particular. There is much to absorb in the pages that follow and there are many pointers to ways in which these ideas can be linked to related theories of cities, urban design and urban policy analysis as well as new movements such as the role of computation in cities and the idea of the smart city. Much food for thought. Read on, digest, enjoy." From the foreword by Michael Batty
Author: Ivor Maxton Barlow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
Author: L. van der Laan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Author: Nina Siu Ngan Lam
Publisher: Prentice Hall
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Author: Denise Pumain
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030366561
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
This book provides a thorough discussion about fundamental questions regarding urban theories and modeling. It is a curated collection of contributions to a workshop held in Paris on October 12th and 13th 2017 at the Institute of Complex Systems by the team of ERC GeoDiverCity. There are several chapters conveying the answers given by single authors to problems of conceptualization and modeling and others in which scholars reply to their conception and question them. Even, the chapters transcribing keynote presentations were rewritten according to contributions from the respective discussions. The result is a complete “state of the art” of what is our knowledge about urban processes and their possible formalization.
Author: Denise Pumain
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402041276
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Hierarchy is a form of organisation of complex systems that rely on or produce a strong differentiation in capacity (power and size) between the parts of the system. It is frequently observed within the natural living world as well as in social institutions. According to the authors, hierarchy results from random processes, follows an intentional design, or is the result of the organisation which ensures an optimal circulation of energy for information. This book reviews ancient and modern representations and explanations of hierarchies, and compares their relevance in a variety of fields, such as language, societies, cities, and living species. It throws light on concepts and models such as scaling laws, fractals and self-organisation that are fundamental in the dynamics and morphology of complex systems. At a time when networks are celebrated for their efficiency, flexibility and better social acceptance, much can be learned about the persistent universality and adaptability of hierarchies, and from the analogies and differences between biological and social organisation and processes. This book addresses a wide audience of biologists and social scientists, as well as managers and executives in a variety of institutions.
Author: Robert E. Dickinson
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 9780415177115
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Siew Ann Cheong
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889765199
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 341
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Book Description
Author: Denise Pumain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319464973
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 139
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Book Description
This monograph presents urban simulation methods that help in better understanding urban dynamics. Over historical times, cities have progressively absorbed a larger part of human population and will concentrate three quarters of humankind before the end of the century. This “urban transition” that has totally transformed the way we inhabit the planet is globally understood in its socio-economic rationales but is less frequently questioned as a spatio-temporal process. However, the cities, because they are intrinsically linked in a game of competition for resources and development, self organize in “systems of cities” where their future becomes more and more interdependent. The high frequency and intensity of interactions between cities explain that urban systems all over the world exhibit large similarities in their hierarchical and functional structure and rather regular dynamics. They are complex systems whose emergence, structure and further evolution are widely governed by the multiple kinds of interaction that link the various actors and institutions investing in cities their efforts, capital, knowledge and intelligence. Simulation models that reconstruct this dynamics may help in better understanding it and exploring future plausible evolutions of urban systems. This would provide better insight about how societies can manage the ecological transition at local, regional and global scales. The author has developed a series of instruments that greatly improve the techniques of validation for such models of social sciences that can be submitted to many applications in a variety of geographical situations. Examples are given for several BRICS countries, Europe and United States. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of urban dynamics, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
